Intro to Policing Chapters 9, 10, 12, & 13

Rapid response to 911 calls works better in discovery crimes than in involvement crimes.

False

Undercover investigations are rarely used by federal law enforcement agencies.

False

___________ is/are the most expensive part of a police department's budge.

Personnel

One of the authors of the classic text Police Administration was ______________.

O.W. Wilson

Who coined the term omnipresence?

O.W. Wilson

One of the primary purposes of police patrol is to prevent crime by creating a sense of ___________.

Omnipresence

Random patrol is commonly believed by police administration to create a sense of _____________.

Omnipresence

Marvin Wolfgang discovered that most predatory street crime in the United States is committed by __________.

Only a few criminals

The MCI program is designed to put most of an investigator's time and effort into __________.

Only very important cases and cases that actually can be solved

Nationally, police are only able to clear ____________________ percent of all property crimes reported to them.

19

The Kansas City study occurred in the ___________?

1970s

A _________ system allows nonemergency calls to be redirected or referred to other agencies.

311

Nationally, police are able to clear only____________________ percent of all violent crimes reported to them.

46

In 2003, nearly all police departments had pursuit policies, and ________ percent of local police agencies had restrictive pursuit policies.

61

Dressing as and playing the role of a potential crime victim is known as ________.

A decoy operation

Detectives in a decentralized squad are considered ____________________.

Generalists

What system has greatly improved the surveillance of sex offenders?

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

The concept of problem-solving policing can be attributed to __________.

Herman Goldstein

The single most important determinant of whether or not a case will be solved is the information the victim supplies to the ____________________.

Immediately responding patrol officer

Which of the following is not one of the goals of patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack?

Increased traffic citations

Which of the following does not describe the typical police pursuit, as studied by the California Highway Patrol?

It occurs during the day

Which of the following is not one of the three traditional ways police work is done in the United States?

Proactive investigations

Which of the following is not one of the human behaviors found by Wesley Skogan to be extremely disruptive to the community?

Youths firing gunshots into the air

In effect, the Kansas City study failed to demonstrate that adding or taking away police patrols from an area made any difference within the_____________.

Community

Which of the following is not one of the most important benefits of community policing, according to the scholar Herman Goldstein?

Community control of the policing

The Executive Sessions on Policing focused and debated on the use and price of ____________.

Community policing

The use of analytical methods to obtain pertinent information on crime patterns and trends that can then be disseminated to officers on the street is called ____________________.

Crime analysis

The Rand report said that half of all detectives could be replaced without negatively influencing ____________.

Crime clearance rates

Surveys indicate that the public does not support community policing and those strategies that are indicative of community policing.

False

The 1994 Crime Bill provided that all new police officers hired in the United States would be paid entirely by federal funding.

False

The 41st Precinct in the Bronx earned the nickname "The Alamo."

False

The Newark foot patrol study concluded that foot patrols do not make citizens feel safer.

False

The authors of the seminal article "'Broken Windows': Police and Neighborhood Safety" were O. W. Wilson and Wesley K. Skogan.

False

The four elements of the problem-solving strategy are scanning, analysis, planning, and response.

False

The single most important determinant of whether or not a crime is solved is the quality of work performed by the detectives.

False

Most departments utilize _________.

Fleet vehicles

In the 1960s, changes in police management led to the abandonment of ____________.

Foot patrol

Typically, the larger urban departments such as New York, Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles have deployed two-officer cars, and most suburban and rural departments prefer one-officer cars.

True

Data on what occurs when an officer encounters a citizen--when the officer is either on an assignment from the dispatcher or on self-initiated activities--can best be retrieved from researcher observations.

True

Decoy operations are most effective for combating the crimes of robbery, purse snatching, and other larcenies from the person; burglaries; and thefts of and from automobiles.

True

Agencies that cover a large geographical area, such as sheriff's departments and state patrols, utilize __________.

A take-home car program

Which of the following is a functional category of routine patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack?

All of the above

In a case enhancement program, detectives ___________.

All of these choices

Which of the following is a solvability factor in the MCI program?

All of these choices

The vast majority of all arrests are made _________.

At the scene of the crime

Many believe that modern community policing began with James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling's article "'____________________': The Police and Neighborhood Safety."

Broken windows

Academic studies regarding response time indicate that ____________.

Citizens generally cannot or do not report crimes immediately

In 2004, researchers Zhao and Thurman reported that COPS hiring and innovative grant programs were related to significant reductions in local crime rates for both violent and nonviolent offenses in cities with populations greater than 10,000.

True

The idea that detective work is glamorous, exciting, and dangerous, as it is depicted in the movies and on television, is called the ___________.

Detective mystique

In a resident officer program, a police officer works in the same neighborhood he or she lives in.

True

In the proactive group in the Kansas City study, the police presence was___________.

Doubled or tripled

In smaller departments, detectives tend to be generalists.

True

The MCI program involves all of the following except______________.

Enhanced patrol techniques

According to Jonathan Adkins, the next big issue in highway safety is speed enforcement.

False

At the conclusion of the Kansas city study, everyone in the community knew that an experiment regarding policing had been conducted in his or her community

False

Decoy operations involve using occupied vehicles in strategic locations to give the perception of omnipresence.

False

Distracted drivers are able to multi-task effectively while driving.

False

In a Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI) program, patrol officers play very limited roles in the investigation of past crimes.

False

In recent years, there has been a decrease in the use of multiagency investigative task forces.

False

It is impossible to conduct a controlled experiment to study the effectiveness of certain types of police patrol.

False

Police officers are never allowed to use potentially deadly force (e.g., ramming a vehicle) to end a high-speed chase of a suspect, even if the suspect's actions risk the safety of other drivers and pedestrians.

False

Research during the past 20 years has pointed out that we can depend on television portrayals for realistic examples of police work.

False

Decoy operations are most effective in detecting and arresting all of the following except ____________.

Murderers

With incident-driven policing, officers tend to respond to similar incidents at the same location _________.

Numerous times

The most important and visible part of police work to the public is/are ______________.

Patrol

The police department's generalist is the _________.

Patrol officer

The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that ____________________ should be directed to conduct thorough preliminary investigations.

Patrol officers

Jacobson v. United States is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case related to entrapment.

True

Programs concentrating investigative resources on career criminals are called ____________.

Repeat Offenders Program

Prior to the Rand study, it was common for police departments to have policies and procedures in place that emphasized __________.

Retroactive investigations by detectives of past crimes

Detectives in a centralized squad are considered ____________________.

Specialists

Many states and larger cities have created state and local fusion centers to share information and intelligence within their jurisdictions as well as with the federal government.

True

One of the newest forms of aggressive driving known to post a public safety threat is motorcycle swarms.

True

One of the ways detectives use to solve cold cases is DNA analysis.

True

Police departments are restricting the use of pursuits and using alternative methods to catch the individuals who attempt to elude police officers.

True

Predictive policing involves linking data and clues to potential suspects or victims by identify at-risk groups, individuals, and locations.

True

Repeat offender programs (ROPs) are based on the fact that only a few criminals are responsible for most of the predatory street crime in the United States.

True

Which of the following was not one of the corporate strategies of policing described by the Executive Sessions on Policing?

Team policing

The Rand study was called ____________________.

The Criminal Investigation Process

Researchers who traveled to St. Petersburg, Florida, to observe changes occurring in police roles and police-community relations after the implementation of community policing found that the citizens seemed satisfied with community policing.

True

Sting operations targeting lewd behavior have often been used around the country, particularly in parks and areas frequented by children.

True

According to the California Highway Patrol study, the most prevalent reason drivers fail to stop during a high-speed pursuit is ___________.

The driver is afraid of or dislikes the police or enjoys the excitement of a chase

The investigative process begins with ___________.

The patrol officer

When Mark Willman and John Snortum duplicated the Rand and PERF findings in a study of detective work in 1984, they found that in cases reported to a suburban police department, most cases that were solved when ______.

The perpetrator was identified at the scene of the crime

The FBI's success in the fight against terrorism is directly related to the strength of their relationship with state and local partners.

True

The Kansas City study demonstrated that adding or taking away police patrols from an area made no difference within the community.

True

The Kansas City study indicated that our traditional three cornerstones of policing might not be the most effective way to do police work.

True

The WashACT serves as a model nationwide in conducting training in the area of human trafficking.

True

The concept of problem-oriented policing can be attributed to Herman Goldstein.

True

The premise of smart policing is that agencies themselves are in the best position to know their specific crime problems.

True

Three corporate strategies for policing discussed at Harvard's Executive Sessions on Policing were strategic policing, community policing, and problem-solving policing.

True

The case of Carlie Brucia was solved in part due to ___________.

The use of surveillance cameras

Which of the following is not one of the basic components of response time?

Time it takes for the perpetrator to flee the scene

A specific type of saturation patrol is a crackdown, which generally targets a specific violation of the law, such as a traffic violation.

True

According to research, red light cameras that target traffic violators seem to reduce the occurrence of traffic violations at that location.

True

Crime analysis goes hand-in-hand with community-oriented policing and problem-oriented policing.

True

Cybercrime trends change regularly and quickly, which can make them difficult for law enforcement to keep up with.

True

Which of the following was not one of the beats established in the Kansas City study?

Variable testing group

The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that detectives should be assigned only to preliminary investigations of ____________.

Very serious or complex preliminary investigations

During the 1990s, the crime rates across the country __________.

Went down at an unprecedented rate