Intro to Policing Final Exam

Which technological advancement has been used to reduce the need for vehicle pursuits.

GPS trackers.

What is one power of the police that was increased under the USA PATRIOT Act?

Gathering of electronic evidence.

Which of the following is an example of an officer accepting gratuities?

Getting a free meal from a restaurant while on duty.

The strategy of ______ policing would benefit the most from geospatial crime analysis.

Hot spot

Which of the following policing strategies in an example of an evidence-based strategy?

Hot stop policing

Put the elements of the SARA model in order.

Identifying the problem, Researching causes, Developing solutions, Evaluating impact.

What is one issue with evaluating the effect of community policing on crime at the national level?

Implementation varies by department.

Which of the following is an example of a goal where the police focused on the means more than the ends.

Improving police response times.

What is one issue that prevents the use of problem-oriented policing?

It is difficult to implement.

What is a potential problem of sharing maps that show the exact locations of all cries in an area?

It violates victims' privacy.

Police departments that have a(n) ______ focus may be more likely to use force, but this has not been tested.

Law enforcement.

Some policing policies continue to be based on tradition even when they have been shown to be ineffective.

True

Sometimes a policing strategy that works on one population does not work with a different population.

True

The death of Eric Garner has been linked to the use of broken windows policing.

True

studying history is important because, if history repeats itself, knowing the past means knowing the future.

True

Put these uses of force on a continuum from lowest level or force to highest level of force.

Verbal commands, bodily force, impact weapons, deadly force.

Police officers experience _______ stress based on the experiences of other officers.

Vicarious

An example of a suspect using defensive resistance would be a suspect who:

runs from the police

police are allowed to make an arrest without a warrant when the:

suspect and police are in public.

Broken windows policing argues that police should target ______ offenses.

Disorder

Police use stun words, such as swear words, to get the attention of a suspect.

True

Probable cause requires a higher degree of certainty than reasonable suspicion.

True

How often are confessions obtained by the police later ruled inadmissible?

rarely

What is an example of a statement that shows active listening?

"I hear what you're saying."

When were Tasers first used?

1990s

which of the following is an example of the way that technology could be used to violate the right to privacy.

A body heat reader is used to check for occupants in a house.

What does a police department need for ethics training to be successful?

A culture of integrity.

What is the rationale for using a person-based approach to crime prevention?

A small number of people commit most crime.

Procedural justice argues that citizens who see the police as fair will be law abiding.

True

During which phase of the SARA model is research about known causes of the problem conducted?

Analysis

The invention of the _______ led to the use of preventive patrol.

Automobile

What is one reason that it is difficult to identify trends in law enforcement injuries?

Different data show different trends.

Which of the following is an example of an impact weapon?

Baton

What is one way that police departments can counter the issue of low-visibility work environments.

Body-worn cameras.

Put these forms of police misconduct in order from least serious to most serious.

Calling in sick to get a day off, accepting a free coffee from a store, falsifying a report to ensure a suspect is prosecuted, telling a sex worker she will be arrested if she does not perform sexual favors.

Being awake at nights disrupts the ______ of officers.

Circadian rhythm.

______ therapy is one effective way of treating PTSD in police officers.

Cognitive behavioral

What department was created during the 1960s to address racial tensions between the police and the community?

Community relations bureau.

_______ has prompted every major change in policing.

Crisis

__________ terrorism involves attacks on computer systems to steal information or disrupt infrastructure operations.

Cyber

At trial, the police can tell the jury that defendants invoked their Miranda rights.

False

Date-driven and evidence-based policing use the same sources of data.

False

Departments' typically agree on use of force guidelines involving non-lethal weapons.

False

Female police officers experience significantly more workplace stress because of sexual harassment.

False

Many police departments will only accept citizen complaints that are filed by lawyers.

False

PTSD has been found to cause negative physical outcomes.

False

Police can enter a suspect's home without permission if they need to make a felony arrest.

False

Police can search the home of a suspect if the suspect is arrested directly in front of the house.

False

Police misconduct and police corruption are the same.

False

The best way to prevent police misconduct is have supervisors monitor officer activity via body-worn cameras.

False

The police cannot enter a private residence without a search warrant for any reason.

False

When looking at fatal injuries, policing is one of the most dangerous jobs.

False

What is one issue of using facial recognition software to locate and identify potential suspects?

False positives.

Which case is most often associated with the exclusionary rule?

Mapp v. Ohio

Reasonable force is the _____ amount of force necessary to overcome suspect resistance.

Minimum

If an officer claims a suspect consented to a search to ensure a conviction in court, what rationale is the officer using?

Necessary means

Which of the following is an example of domestic terrorism?

Oklahoma City Bombing

How does the Washington Post calculate the number of police shootings?

Online media reports.

What is one reason that evidence-based research is more likely to influence decisions on policy than decisions on patrol?

Patrol officers do not have time to make decisions based on research.

What was considered the hallmark of police during the reform era?

Police Professionalism

Most legal challenges in the future related to technology will focus on the right to

Privacy

Research on officer suicide highlights the importance of a(n) ______ for recruits.

Psychological evaluation.

What is one issue with using decertification statistics to measure police misconduct.

Reporting is optional.

What is one reason that police continue to implement mandatory arrest policies in domestic violence even though findings have been mixed?

Risk of lawsuits.

What is an example of a way that the internet has been used to expand criminal activity?

Sale of trafficked minors.

Which of the following forms of misconduct is most likely to result in officer decertification?

Sexual assault.

Which is an example of a new type of crime that police have only encountered in the digital age?

Social media bullying.

In which of the following situations would an officer be most likely be instructed to end a foot pursuit?

The suspect enters a building.

What is one example of police abuse of power through coercion?

Trading favors for not making arrests.

Collective efficacy can mitigate the effect of poverty on crime.

True

CompStat is intended to increase officer accountability.

True

Early intervention systems are designed to identify and correct problematic behaviors before they become serious.

True

Enhanced accountability is one of the top priorities of the police moving forward.

True

If procedural justice works, police treating citizens with respect could prevent crime.

True

It can be argued that lawsuits against the police are an unfortunate but unavoidable product of policing.

True

One problem with early intervention systems in disagreement over what behaviors are indicators of future misconduct.

True

Overall, problem, oriented policing appears to be an effective strategy.

True

Which of the following people would be most likely to be targeted in a place-based policing strategy?

a teenage boy in the inner city.

The rules and understandings that are shared by police officers because of their unique job characteristics create:

an occupational subculture.

An illinois study found that _____ of police officers had witnessed an illegal search of a suspect in the past year.

around a quarter

Body-worn cameras can protect the police from:

baseless citizen accusations

What is one symptom of burnout?

being hardened emotionally

What is the most common type of force used by the police?

bodily

What policing strategy may have contributed to the death of Eric Garner?

broken windows.

One reason that the ability of the police to control crime is limited is because police:

cannot control the causes of crime.

What was the eventual outcome of the Miranda case?

conviction

When police use entrapment, they are misusing:

deception

Which of the following incidents would be most stressful on police officers?

finding an abused child.

Whether or not police work is dangerous depends on:

how danger is defined.

What is one factor that prevents the successful use of CompStat?

lack of clear guidance.

What is one issue that limits the ability of police departments to use a person-based approach to crime prevention?

lack of resources

The use of body-worn cameras is intended to make police actions:

less controversial

Police are most likely to use force when:

making arrests

______ female police officers report experiencing sexual harassment on the job.

over half

One criticism of crime analysis is that it targets minority neighborhoods and leads to:

overpolicing

police have collected dna from the scene of a crime. they have no leads on a suspect and no witnesses can say what the subject looks like. what technology could the police take advantage of to attempt to build a profile of external suspect characteristics?

phenotyping

If an officer pulls someone over, what level of proof is required for a legal search of the car?

probable cause

A person responds to a self-report survey indicating that they find police generally to treat people fairly. The same person indicates that they have not committed any crimes within the past year. This is an example of:

procedural justice

Officers respond to the call of a subject acting erratically. When they arrive, the person pulls a firearm from their waistband and menaces the officers. An officer shoots and kills the person. What piece of evidence would be necessary to determine this was suicide by cop?

the subject begging the officer to shoot.

Why would the police want to contact the parents of a juvenile before an interrogation?

to prevent the issues with admissibility of a confession.

Privacy needs to be redefined as technology evolves.

true

most suspected continue to talk to police after they are informed of their right to remain silent.

true.

The smart policing initiative funded partnerships between police and:

university researchers.

The standard of proof for a search of a vehicle is lower than for the search of a home because:

vehicle stops are more dangerous for officers.

An officer decertification index could prevent a situation involving an officer who:

was fired for misconduct being hired by another department.

which group of officers tends to experience the most burnout.

women