Intro to Psychology Chapter 1

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

her own conscious experience

Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first?

hypothesis

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.

industrial-organizational

For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ________.

perceivable and measurable

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

scientific theory

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________.

the mind and behavior

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.

the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

When was psychology accepted as an academic discipline?

1800s

Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy?

Carl Rogers

In the study of personality, the ________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.

Five Factors

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?

Francis Cecil Sumner

Which of the following is a criticism of evolutionary psychology?

It ignores non-genetic factors in determining human behavior

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.

a person's unconscious

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.

biopsychologist

Char heard from her friends that marijuana use can cure glaucoma so it should be legal in all 50 states. Char knows that she is biased in favor of marijuana legalization, so she decides to exercise some skepticism about this claim. She researches where her friends got their information, how reliable it is, and what other sources say about legalizing marijuana. Char is ________.

thinking critically

What was the primary conclusion of Stanley Milgram's obedience research?

Average people will harm others if told to do so by an authority figure

Why is psychology considered a social science?

Behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our interactions with others.

Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution?

It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world

Who started the feminist revolution in psychology?

Naomi Weisstein

Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality?

Sigmund Freud

A(n) ________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment.

Skinner box

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

The process was highly subjective

Which of the following is a reason that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States?

The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology

What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.

The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive."

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.

Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?

Wilhelm Wundt

In a study of mate preference differences between men and women that spanned 37 cultures, Buss (1989) found that men value youthful appearance more than women. Why?

Youthful looks provide fertility clues

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter.

basic survival needs

When studying personality traits, someone who is helpful, trusting, and empathetic will score high on the ________ trait.

agreeableness

Critical thinking is ________.

applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information

Which of the following exemplifies a personality trait? a) Greg eats a cupcake b) Ida is charming c) James has blue eyes d) Marsha has three children

b) Ida is charming

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.

conscientiousness

Naghemeh wants to focus on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy. Which area of psychology should she work in?

counseling psychology

Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

developmental

Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?

developmental psychology

Marta is pursuing a graduate degree in psychology. As part of her program she must write a long research paper based on the data she spent the last year gathering. What is the long research paper called?

dissertation

When studying personality traits, someone who is quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ________ trait.

extroversion

William James was the ________.

first American psychologist

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection

Behaviorists study ________.

learned behavior

What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology?

mid- and top-level management

If you show an adult a toy, and then hide it behind a curtain, the adult knows that the toy still exists. However, infants act as if a hidden object no longer exists. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

The empirical method of study is based on ________.

observation

Behaviorists all focus on ________.

physiological responses that result in action

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Dr. Bogdarian noticed that one of her students addresses her with the word mother instead of the word professor or doctor. Dr. Bogdarian applies the principles of ________, and hypothesizes the student misspeaks because he is unconsciously associating her with his mother.

psychoanalytic theory

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Which of the following defines hypothesis?

tentative explanation