Intro to Soc.: Chapters 20-21

"...nearly one gun for every..."

"...man, woman, and child in the country."

"Gun ownership is..."

"...normative, not deviant behavior."

"What began as a necessity of agriculture and the frontier..."

"...took and held as a sport and as an ingredient in the American imagination."

Just because it is established as leisure does not mean...

...it is inherently normative.

At least 40% of the households have...

...limited English proficiency (without an adult that speaks English "very well" according to the United States Census Bureau)

At least 15% of the household's qualify as...

...low-income households

At least 40% of the residents identify as...

...minority of members of a State recognized tribal community

limits to extension

BLM vs. ALM (delegitimizes initial movement)

zero population growth (ZPG)

a theoretical goal in which the number of people entering a population through birth or immigration is equal to the number of people leaving it via death or emigration

Malthusian Theory

a theory asserting that population is controlled through positive checks (war, famine, disease) and preventative checks (measures to reduce fertility)

Cornucopian Theory

a theory that asserts human ingenuity will rise to the challenge of providing adequate resources for a growing population

deviant

a violation of contextual, cultural, or social norms

factors of demography/population

birth, aging and deaths, migration

four types of crowds

casual, conventional, expressive, acting

suburbs

communities surrounding cities, typically close enough for a daily commute

exurbs

communities that arise farther out than the suburbs and are typically populated by residents of high socioeconomic status

serious leisure

complex and specialized, requires a greater level of commitment and training

three types of collective behavior

crowd, mass, public

effects of overpopulation

elderly is not contributing to society, not enough resources for those who need them

resistance movements

include those who seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure

casual leisure

involves mundane activities that require little specialized training

sprawl

irresponsible, poorly planned development which destroys greenery, crowds schools, increases traffic dramatically, creates a significant rise in air pollution and pushes taxes up

reform movements

movements that seek to change something specific about the social structure

revolutionary movements

movements that seek to completely change every aspect of society

extension

occurs when social movements have sympathetic causes

Population Pyramid

refers to a graphic representation that depicts population distribution according to age and sex

refugee

refers to an individual who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war persecution, or natural disaster

nonmaterial culture

refers to the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society

White Flight

refers to the migration of economically secure White people from racially mixed urban areas and toward the suburbs

material culture

refers to the objects or belongings of a group of people

protection

shown to be main (most popular) reason behind ownership

Gentrification

the entry of upper and middle-class residents to city areas or communities that have been historically less affluent

Conflict Theory (Marx)

the social construction of deviance

demography

the study of population

Urbanization

the study of the social, political, and economic relationships of cities

asylum-seeker

those who claim to refugee status have not been validated

direct action

uses power (e.g. economic or physical) to directly reach certain goals of interest

socialization of guns/gun culture

• gun collections, establishment of gun clubs • guns were starting to be seen as more than just a tool • family, comradery, masculinity

Is hunting for sport deviant behavior?

• intersections of identity determine how each person feels about hunting • men are more socialized to like hunting, more masculine • geography: rural vs. urban

collective behavior

• non-institutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage • not mandated/regulated by an institution

institutionalization

• occurs when the movement becomes more organized, such as incorporating, hiring formal staff, etc. • 1994: President Clinton signs Federal Environmental Justice Policy

preliminary stage

• people become aware of an issue, and leaders emerge • Warren County: predominantly black town hosted a landfill with PCBs, toxic soil, became aware of issue and leaders emerged, especially among the youth, lied down on the soil to prevent the trucks (new and emerging issue in 1980s)

coalescence

• point when people join together to publicize the issue and get organized • Warren County: people joined together and protested with picket signs, starting to understand with the environment is where people live

stages of social movements

• preliminary • coalescence • institutionalization

Carrying Capacity

• refers to the amount of people that can live in a given area considering the amount of available resources • once you exceed carrying capacity, you reach a point of crisis • technological advantages in food production • widespread use of contraceptives, better prenatal care

Why would refugees/asylum seekers get turned away?

• seen as one group taking away from another • xenophobia

social movement industry

• so many different options of social movement people have • How do you choose which movements to devote time/money to?