Intro to Sociology

Which of the following statements pertaining to the feminist view is true?(select all that apply) - Feminist theories can only be considered under the feminist view - Feminist theories could be considered in the tradition of structural-functionalist theories - Feminist theories could be considered in the tradition of conflict theories - Feminist theories could be considered in the tradition of symbolic-interactionist theories

answer(s): - Feminist theories could be considered in the tradition of conflict theories - Feminist theories could be considered in the tradition of symbolic-interactionist theories

Which of the following are significant changes that are affecting U.S. postmodern society?(select all that apply) - declining life expectancy - expansion of the media - the ongoing expansion of U.S. central cities - globalization of the economy

answer(s): - expansion of the media - globalization of the economy

We can observe culture operating in...(select all that apply) - school dress code - a physical illness - religious ceremonies - the nightly news - conversations with coworkers

answer(s): - school dress code - religious ceremonies - the nightly news - conversations w/ coworkers

Since the mid-twentieth century, sociologists tend to examine society by which of the following? - the liberal perspective - the conflict perspective - the interactionist perspective - the functionalist perspective - the physicalist perspective

answer(s): - the conflict perspective - the interactionist perspective - the functionalist perspective

Which of the following are characteristics of theories? - they evolve and are sometimes rejected - they often give us a more complete picture than any single one - they are only hunches or personal opinions - they cannot be discarded

answer(s): - the evolve and are sometimes rejected - they often give us a more complete picture than any single one

Marx was concerned about which of the following?(select all that apply) - why industrial capitalism produced huge profits for few people - why excessive wealth can coexist with extreme poverty - how interference from government hindered industry - why the wealthy were unfairly taxed at higher rates than the poor

answer(s): - why industrial capitalism produced huge profits for few people - why excessive wealth can coexist with extreme poverty

The discipline of sociology developed during a period characterized by which of the following conditions?(select all that apply) - staple democracies - economic crises - political unrest - the introduction of new technologies

answer(s): - economic crises; political unrest - the introduction of new technologies

Which of the following would be promoted under Enlightenment thinking? - faith - equality - freedom - tolerance

answer(s): - equality - freedom - tolerance

The American and French revolutions resulted in which of the following?(select all that apply) - raising some of the first topics addressed by early sociologists - blocking the application of science and reason to questions of social significance - stimulating interest in achieving a more equal society - provoking condemnation from liberals for threatening stability

answer(s): - raising some of the first topics addressed by early sociologists - stimulating interest in achieving a more equal society

Which of the following statements about the Industrial Revolution are correct? - society became less agricultural and more industrial - the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain - society became less urban and more rural - the Industrial Revolution began in the twentieth century

answer(s): - society became less agricultural and more industrial - the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain

Which of the following was required for the social sciences to take root?(select all that apply) - drawing conclusions - systematic collection of evidence - open and free inquiry - the advanced development of religious doctrine

answer(s): - systematic collection of evidence - open and free inquiry

Which of the following are true about Auguste Comte's vision of sociology?(select all that apply) - that sociology would be replaced by the study of psychology - that sociology would be a science of society modeled on natural sciences - that sociology would identify the laws that govern human behavior - that sociology would not concern itself with "social status" and "social dynamics"

answer(s): - that sociology would be a science of society modeled on natural sciences - that sociology would identify the laws that govern human behavior

Some of the early sociologists suggested that societies progressed or evolved through several stages. Which of the following stages were suggested by Auguste Comte? - the metaphysical stage - the traditional stage - the positivist stage - the theological stage

answer(s): - the metaphysical stage - the positivist stage - the theological stage

Sociologists interested in gaining insights into the world's hierarchy of privilege may focus their research on which of the following areas of inquiry?(select all that apply) - social class - gender - personality - race

answer: - social class - gender - race

True or False: Durkheim held the first academic position in sociology.

answer: True

Which of the following social psychologists wrote about how we develop a sense of self through our interaction with others and by self-reflection? a. George Herbert Mead b. Erving Goffman c. Georg Simmel Max Weber

answer: a. George Herbert Mead

The ___________ dimension of social theory focuses on tensions and disputes in society. a. conflict b. consensus c. physical d. objective

answer: a. conflict

Which of the following theoretical approaches emphasizes how competing groups can manipulate cultural ideas and symbols to their advantage? a. conflict b. symbolic-interactionist c. feminist d. functionalist

answer: a. conflict

In The Protestant Ethic, Weber argued that __________ had helped promote the early development of capitalism in northern Europe. a. culture b. politics c. education d. economics

answer: a. culture

According to Merton, phenomena are sometimes long-standing and permanent, but they could also be... a. dysfunctions b. functional anomalies c. latent functions d. a disservice

answer: a. dysfunctions

Which of the following theoretical approaches highlights culture's role in providing society with common values, such as love of family? a. functionalist b. symbolic interactionist c. conflict d. feminist

answer: a. functionalist

Structure-functionalist theories emphasize... a. how the different part of society contribute to its overall operation b. shared understandings of everyday behavior c. how looking at society from micro level contributes to understanding d. how social order is based on coercion and exploitation

answer: a. how the different part of society contribute to its overall operation

Postmodernity is a historical period associated with... a. information-based economies b. industrialization c. democracy d. science

answer: a. information-based economies

Our lives are impacted by the nature of the _________ world we live in and our ___________ interpretations of that world> a. objective; subjective b. micro; macro c. theoretical; practical d. economic; cultural

answer: a. objective; subjective

People who have more resources have a better chance to achieve their goals, even against resistance. That means that those people have more... a. power b. structure c. luck d. culture

answer: a. power

Which of the following sociologists is credited for establishing sociology as an academic discipline? a. Karl Marx b. Emile Durkheim c. Auguste Comte d. Mark Weber

answer: b. Emile Durkheim

Comparing everyday life to play, the dramaturgical approach to sociology was made popular by... a. Karl Marx b. Erving Goffman c. Arthur Miller d. C. Wright Mills

answer: b. Erving Goffman

Who is widely considered to be the first female sociologist? a. W.E.B. Du Bois b. Harriet Martineau c. Jane Addams d. Auguste Comte

answer: b. Harriet Martineau

Which of the following has NOT been identified as a feature of postmodern society? a. Families are changing b. Political institutions are thriving c. The population is aging d. Diversity and multiculturalism is increasing

answer: b. Political institutions are thriving

Karl Marx's view of society is best described as belonging to which of the following types of sociological theories? a. feminist b. conflict c. structural-functionalist d. symbolic-interactionist

answer: b. conflict

Which of the following types of theories focus on issues of contention. power, and inequality? a. interactionist b. conflict c. functionalist d. feminist

answer: b. conflict

A collection of values, beliefs, norms, language, and material objects shared by people and socially transmitted from generation to generation constitutes... a. capitalism b. culture c. structure d. power

answer: b. culture

The feminist perspective in sociology focuses on the study of__________ inequity. a. racial b. gender c. ethic d. age

answer: b. gender

According to Durkheim's research, which of the following people are LEAST likely to commit suicide? a. people without religious affiliations b. people socially connected to others c. newly divorced people d. people who lead more solitary lives

answer: b. people socially connected to others

Durkheim was interested in the question of... a. social equality b. social solidarity c. social Darwinism d. individual rights

answer: b. social solidarity

People create social ____________ to help accomplish goals, which in turn constrain(s) their _____________. a. power; socialization b. structures; behavior c. relationships; influence d. inequality; wealth

answer: b. structures; behavior

Which of the following was the central concern of Durkheim's work in sociology? a. the conflict between social classes b. the collective bonds that connect individuals c. the cultural diversity that strengthens society d. the oppression of the individual under social norms

answer: b. the collective bonds that connect individuals

Sociology is fundamentally concerned with understanding... a. individual psychology b. the social world and our place in it c. the behavior of the wealthy or more affluent d. the problems of the poor

answer: b. the social world and our place in it

Harriet Martineau contributed to the study of sociology by translating the writings of which early philosopher of sociology? a. Herbert Spencer b. Emile Durkheim c. Auguste Comte d. Karl Marx

answer: c. Auguste Comte

Marx identified two social classes: ________(those who owned the means of production) and _________(those who worked for a wage). a. proletariat; laborers b. workers; capitalists c. capitalists; laborers d. workers; proletariat

answer: c. capitalists; laborers

________________ refers to solidarity and cooperative interaction, often due to shared values and interests. a. subjectivity b. conflict c. consensus d. objectivity

answer: c. consensus

The sociological theories that focus on consensus and cooperative interaction in social life are... a. interactionist theories b. conflict theories c. functionalist theories d. feminist theories

answer: c. functionalist theories

The three theoretical perspectives most widely used by sociologists... a. physical, biological, and psychological b. liberal, conservative, and libertarian c. functionalist, conflict, and interactionist d. socialist, communist, and feminist

answer: c. functionalist, conflict, and interactionist

Which of the following is NOT an example of a question that a sociologist would examine in regards to economic power? a. how is extreme inequality linked to the dynamics of capitalism? b. how have the labor movement and social welfare affected the lives of workers? c. how has the media changed family structure? d. how has the nature of work been changing?

answer: c. how has the media changed family structure

_______________ theories highlight the competition for scarce resources.

answer: conflict

What early social thinker coined the term sociology? a. Emile Durkheim b. Karl Marx c. Max Weber d. Auguste Comte

answer: d. Auguste Comte

Which of the following tries to explain an observation? a. a paradox b. an anecdote c. an experiment d. a theory

answer: d. a theory

Marx's view of society describes social institutions as a means of... a. distributing power equally throughout society b. maintaining functional social order c. improving society gradually over time d. maintaining the privileges of some groups

answer: d. maintaining the privileges of some groups

All of the following are categories of suicide that Durkheim identified EXCEPT... a. fatalistic b. altruistic c. egoistic d. mechanistic

answer: d. mechanistic

Marx and Weber emphasized different factors that affected people's lives. Marx emphasized the ______________ factors, Weber emphasized the _______________ factors. a. value free, objective b. theory, research c. micro, macro d. objective, subjective

answer: d. objective, subjective

Weber tried to understand action by viewing it from a perspective of understanding. It was referred to as... a. rationality b. tradition c. normlessness d. verstehen

answer: d. verstehen

Persistent classroom overcrowding is an example of social ______________.

answer: dysfunction or dysfunctions

___________________ is a historical period beginning in the mid-twentieth century characterized by the rise of information-based economies and the fragmentation of political beliefs and ways of knowing.

answer: postmodernity

The ability to bring about an intended outcome, even when opposed by others, is a definition of __________.

answer: power or empowerment

Social ____________ refers to the recurring patterns of behavior in social life.

answer: structure

True or False: Marx argued that industrial capitalism was not productive and therefore not capable of doing away with hunger and poverty.

answer: False

True or False: Sociology first emerged as a formal discipline in the United States.

answer: False

The concept of sociological imagination was developed by... a. Karl Marx b. C. Wright Mills c. Emile Durkheim d. Max Weber

answer: b. C. Wright Mills

Marx viewed the relationship between factory owners and workers as one in which... a. capitalists would eventually overthrow laborers b. capitalists exploited workers c. equality existed between the social classes d. workers held too much economic power

answer: b. capitalists exploited workers

The major developments that transformed rural agriculture societies into urban societies are referred to as the________________ Revolution. a. political b. industrial c. cultural d. scientific

answer: b. industrial

Which of the following is true of common sense? a. it always leads a person to the facts of a situation b. it is the only tool we really have to understand the world around us c. it can produce an array of contradictory claims d. it is a completely ineffective way of viewing the world

answer: c. it can produce an array of contradictory claims

Prior to the Enlightenment(during which scientific thought thrived), who dominated European intellectual life? a. doctors b. monarchs c. heretics d. clergy

answer: d. clergy

Marx highlighted which of the following core concepts of sociology? a. culture b. family c. structure d. power

answer: d. power