Intro to Sociology (SOC-210)

What is an example of the glass ceiling at work?

A woman working as a low level manager is passed over for a promotion in favor of a man.

Which of these is an example of gender socialization?

A young girl wants a ty truck for her birthday, but her parents buy her a Barbie van instead.

How would Karl Marx explain alienation?

As a means of preventing workers from reaching their full potential.

In an attempt to immigrate to the Americas in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries, many Chinese men and women were denied entry due to the ______.

Chinese exclusion act

___ occurs when researchers evaluate other cultures from the perspective of their own cultural standards.

Ethnocentrism

Which advertisement received criticism from people who believed it was "dishonest and insulting to men?

Gillette razors

How would someone who is ethnocentric feel about government assistance policies?

Government assistance programs should be reserved for legal citizens.

Which of these would be considered a primary group?

Marta and her three sisters.

Which court case ruled that states must grant marriage licenses to same sex couples and recognize same-sex marriage form other states?

Obergefell v. Hodges

Which action is recommended for parents to help children cope with family disruption?

Parents can access community resources

How do clothes represent gender socialization?

Parents purchase clothing that indicates and advertises their gender expectations of the child.

What is a sociologist doing when she makes a good generalization?

Pointing out social patterns.

after Joachim broke into the school and stole a computer, the kids all called him a thief and refused to have anything to do with him. As a result, Joachim felt he had nothing to lose when he robbed a bank with a plan to skip town. This act is called ___ deviance.

Secondary

When an individual develops a sense of self through social interactions and is aware of how others see her or him, this person has learned ___.

Self-consciousness

How does education impact divorce rates?

Poorer couples are more likely to divorce because they may not have good jobs based on a lack of education and fewer resources for problems.

What is a latent function of schools?

Providing children daytime supervision.

What president established federal programs that established a safety net for the needy and put millions of people to work?

Roosevelt

A sociologist who argues that education and school systems are shaped by power dynamics in society aligns with the ______ perspective.

conflict

According to ___ theorists, social movements emerge...distribution of goods and services.

conflict

According to the ______ perspective, curriculum in schools focuses only on perspectives of those in power and thus reinforces the status quo and ideologies of the powerful.

conflict

Two sociologists are working in the marketing department of a large company. john happened to mention that he had just gotten a raise, for which he was eternally grateful to the company because he hadn't had a raise in five years. melinda said that was disgraceful; the company was totally taking advantage of him and profiting off his work, and they should have given him a raise and a promotion years ago. melinda most likely subscribes to the ______ perspective.

conflict

Which perspective would look at the unequal allocation of resources in terms of how it is embedded in gender?

conflict

A teenage girl is caught smoking marijuana. When asked why she did it, she claims that she isn't to blame, but rather her friends are because they told her to. This is an example of which technique of neutralization?

denial of responsibility

A social scientist says that society would improve if all households made the same income. This is an example of a(n) ______ statement.

normative

Expectations about the appropriate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of people in a variety of situations are called _______.

norms

Trang was conducting research on group behavior. She sat in the bleachers and kept track in a notebook of the kinds of interactions that occurred between the members of the cheerleading squad. Trang's method of research was ______.

observation

After an unfortunate incident, Tim received a dishonorable discharge from the military. Dishonorable discharge is a(n) ______ label.

official

Researchers not only watch interactions occurring in a study they are conducting, but also interact in the social context. These researchers are engaging in ______.

participant-observation

According to symbolic interactionists, gender is ______.

fluid

When there is widespread fear that public morality will collapse, ______ become a target for public anxiety.

folk devils

What are types of social norms as noted by sociologists?

folkways, mores, and laws

an approach to understanding social movements... highlight certain facts... promote their cause.

framing

C.J. Pascoe's research found that to be a "real man," you must be ______.

heterosexual

Culture for elite groups of people are called ______ cultures and ______ cultures are those that exist among the common people.

high; popular

Which statement is TRUE regarding hiring practices over the past three decades?

hiring discrimination has remained constant

In the United States, women are more likely than men to ______.

hold an advanced degree

The development of hand tools and the domestication of animals were the precursor to ______ societies.

horticultural/pastoral

In the United States, giving someone a thumbs up is a positive sign, but in Iraq it has an entirely different meaning. This demonstrates ______.

how each culture creates its own symbols

A couple attends a formal event with another couple with whom they would like to become friends. The couple makes a point to wear nice clothes and choose topics of conversation carefully. This couple is engaging in ______ management.

impression

A professor conducts a study using students as participants. Some of the students wanted to drop out of the study, but the professor told them they needed to stay in the study in order to provide valid results. What was violated in this study?

informed consent

When a researcher tells his participants about the study being conducted, what they will be asked to do, and any potential harms, he is demonstrating ______.

informed consent

Definitions of families are ______ through social policy, law, accepted practices, and shared beliefs.

institutionalized

Structural functionalism focuses on ______, such as the family, religion, or education.

institutions

When a mother devotes a lot of quality time and effort to take care of her children, she is engaging in ______.

intensive mothering

When a racial group subordinates and exploits the resources of other racial groups within a country, ______ occurs.

internal colonialism

Loving v. Virginia ruled that ______ could legally marry.

interracial couples

A couple has a baby, but the doctor is unable to determine the sex of the child. How should the doctor describe the child's identity?

intersex

In the acronym LGBTQAI+, what does the I stand for?

intersex

Which term describes an individual with ambiguous sex characteristics that are not clearly defined as male or female?

intersex

According to structural functionalist theory, if you violate society's norms by breaking the law, your punishment will serve to ______.

keep your bad behavior from spreading in the community

Which theory notes that someone is defined as deviant because others react to the person as such?

labeling

In agrarian societies, ______ was the source of economic and social power.

land ownership

A series of symbols people use to communicate meaning is called ______.

language

The city of Chicago is a mixture of White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic citizens, along with many others. This is an example of _________.

multiculturalism

When a children experience family instability, those children will likely ______.

perform worse academically

After Wanda was caught shoplifting, her mother was much harsher with her in all aspects of her life because she said Wanda was the bad daughter. Wanda was experiencing ___.

role engulfment

We experience ___ when we have competing demands within a particular social role and status.

role strain

A social status consists of ________, which are defined by tasks and behaviors that are elements status.

roles

Individuals who are taking care of their own children as well as their parents are known as the ______ generation.

sandwich

How can the study of sociology benefit individuals and society?

Sociology can help people distinguish between good information and fake news.

Why is a sociologically informed public important for a democratic society?

Sociology helps individuals distinguish between good generalizations and stereotypes.

An oversimplified and predetermined belief about a person or group of people refers to a __________.

Stereotype.

What has been the outcome of No Child Left Behind?

Test preparation has taken classroom time from physical education, arts, and the humanities.

Which generation became the largest and most highly educated, creating an increase in the demand for goods and services?

The baby boomer generation

Most shoppers look for the end of the line to wait to pay for their items. How do they arrive at this behavior?

They exercise the social norms they have learned about shopping.

How are research skills useful outside of the workplace?

They help us make better choices.

How does the power elite impact the United States?

They influence political decisions by influencing the politicians and their voters

Which of these is an example of a moral entrepreneur?

a mom volunteering for Mothers Against Drunk Drivers

The sociological imagination is best described as ______.

an awareness of the relationship between one's own experiences and society

Although acceptance for LGBT people has grown in the United States, backlash has followed. In over half of the states in the United States, ______.

an employer can fire workers because of their sexual or gender identity.

Structural functionalists believe that inequality ______.

serves an important purpose in society

Amalie has female sexual organs. Female is her ______.

sex

Which term pertains to the physical attraction an individual feels for another of a particular sex?

sexuality

According to social functionalists, social change ______.

should be done slowly to maintain equilibrium

What is the most extreme form of stratification in that it offers no chance for mobility?

slavery

the wealthy parents of two young children have enrolled them in private school, provided them with a private tutor, and offered many opportunities for extracurricular activities. this process is referred to as ___.

social class reproduction

Sociologists who posit that families make decisions by weighing the costs and benefits of various actions within the family are using the lens of ______,

social exchange theory

When using structural functionalist theoretical perspective, sociologists focus on ______.

social harmony and social order

The ways in which a person behaves and reacts to others refers to ___.

social interactions

contemporary local and global social movements have relied heavily on ___ to communicate their messages to a wide variety of people.

social media

a collective group of people interested in creating social change and challenging authority and power is known as ___.

social movement

Socialization is part of the process of ___, in which individuals internalize the values and norms of a society and pass them to the next generation.

social reproduction

Society is based on a hierarchy organized according to social status and prestige, called ___.

social stratification

Growing up in a rural area with little diversity, a young girl hears her family and friends discuss how poor African American women do not deserve government assistance, such as welfare, because it is their fault that they are poor. This young girl is learning stereotypes, prejudicial behavior, and discrimination through ______.

socialization

What is an example of a manifest function of the family?

socializing children.

When we say that society determines what is "reasonable," we mean that it is ______.

socially constructed

two things can limit participation in social movement: ability and ___.

socioeconomic status

By focusing on social order and harmony, structural functionalism can often overlook ________.

the benefit of social change

A woman buys a designer dress to wear to her high school reunion and talks to others about her successful career and new house. Which of these is considered a prop that the woman is using in the front stage of the reunion?

the designer dress

In which era did the United States began to establish a compulsory education system?

the industrial

Conflict theorists look at multiple forms of inequality, such as class, sexuality, and race, when conducting research on family. Which approach are they using when they look at these different forms at the same time?

the intersectionality approach

A White business executive is convicted of embezzlement but is given probation over imprisonment. A minority youth is convicted of petty theft and is sentenced to three months in jail. How would the conflict perspective explain this?

the legal system tends to treat deviance by the poor and minorities as serious crimes.

Living in the United States in the early 20th century, a white family's ancestry included a mix of European and African American ancestors. As such, according to the U.S. Census in the 1930s, this family was considered Black due to ______.

the one-drop rule

People who are ______ perceive themselves as members of a different gender from the one assigned at birth.

transgender

According to Karl Marx, when a working-class person understands the upper class's use of exploitation, they can achieve ______.

true consciousness

When formal organizations grow and become more complex, they often become ___.

bureaucracies.

Middle-class parents believe it is important to reason and negotiate with their children and provide them with opportunities to participate in extracurricular activities. Their approach to interaction with their children can be described as ______.

concerted cultivation

A sociologist would learn more about how a given society functions by ______.

conducting scientific research.

______ is used to make connections between individual and societal viewpoints.

A sociological imagination.

Who developed the concept of the sociological imagination?

C. Wright Mills

What major sociological perspective is Karl Marx associated with?

Conflict.

Which statement best describes the relativist perspective of deviance?

Deviant behaviors, conditions, and beliefs differ from culture to culture.

Which post-WWII act made higher education available to students regardless of social class?

G.I. Bill

Which statement about men and women in media is TRUE?

In print media, most bylines go to men.

How can wealth inequality be more pervasive than income inequality?

It accumulates from one generation to the next.

Which level of analysis focuses on large-scale structural and societal forces?

Macro.

Based on the history of early families, how did settled agriculture impact marriage formation?

Marriage was used to obtain social standing and increase wealth

What is the latent function of schools?

Providing children daytime supervision.

______ focuses on how society and individuals influence each other.

Sociology

In which country is homosexuality punishable by death?

Sudan

Which statement is TRUE of good generalizations?

They are based on social scientific research.

What were the findings in the report A Nation at Risk?

U.S. schools have underperformed and are not globally competitive.

______ describes the expectations for behaviors that are socially appropriate for a particular gender.

a gender script

For most people, income usually comes from ______.

a job

Which social system confines individuals to a social group for life and sets strict parameters for relationships between these different social groups?

caste system

When a change in one variable brings about a change in another variable, this is an example of ________.

causation

Beginning in the 1990s, states began passing laws authorizing ______ schools, which are publicly funded schools governed by parents, educators, community groups, or private organizations.

charter

according to Weber, the three traits that determine socioeconomic status are prestige, party, and ___.

class

The form of social stratification prevalent in the United States is the ___ system.

class-based

Marx envisioned a(n) ________ society where all citizens would be equal, but this vision has never become a reality.

communist

According to the ______ perspective, public schools promote social mobility, as well as enable everyone to succeed and contribute to society.

functionalist

in most states, employers have the legal right to fire employees for being ___.

gay

___ social movements mobilize around a shared identity.

identity based

how does civil disobedience help a social movement?

in breaks social customs or laws to make a point

A teenager shoplifts an expensive shirt from a store. Sociologists would most likely categorize his deviant behavior using the ______ approach.

legalistic

A researcher is starting a study and wants to read what others have documented about similar studies. What is this researcher engaging in?

literature review.

the first step of any social movement is to identify an issue that needs to be addressed. Alongside this step, a movement must ___.

make an argument for why change should occur

a straight woman joins a social justice movement advocating for civil rights... lgbtq... ___ voices must be at the center of the movement.

marginalized

Studies show that current ______ rates have dropped.

marriage

The Defense of Marriage Act, signed by President Bill Clinton in 1996, cited that ______.

marriage is between a man and a woman

Bart has a doctorate degree and is managing a regional office of a pharmaceutical company. Brenda has a master's degree in biology and is a pharmaceutical sales rep. According to ______, Bart deserves to earn more money than Brenda.

meritocracy

From a structural functionalist viewpoint, the positions most important to the functioning of society should gain the most in terms of income and prestige. This is a(n) ______.

meritocracy

When sociologists research a _______ level of analysis, they are interested in individuals or small groups.

micro

If a person is caught stealing from a store, this person has broken one of societies ______.

mores

While at a restaurant, a female server must smile at all customers in order to appear friendly and approachable, even if she is not in the mood to do so. This is an example of a societal ______.

norm

When the president admitted he had smoked marijuana in his youth, his opponents tried to use it against him, but he maintained that everyone did it in college and it was no big deal. Which stigma management technique did he use?

normalizing

"I believe that abortion should be legal in all cases," is an example of a(n) ______ statement.

normative

Structural functionalist theorists view society as harmonious, whereas conflict theorists view society as _____.

oppressive

the idea that people are experts...is a tenet of ___ research.

participatory action

Nadia is uncomfortable around Black men because she believes they are dangerous. This is an example of ______.

prejudice

You are likely to see the greatest percentage of women teachers at the ______ level.

preschool

Surveys and interviews are a form of data collection that uses ______.

questions

While stereotypes and prejudices are held by people of all races, only members of dominant racial groups can be ______.

racist

The poverty rate has ___ for the past 40 years, and economic inequality ___.

remained high; increased

______ is best described as the systematic process of data collection in order to produce knowledge.

research

Today, the middle class in the United States is ______.

shrinking

What is a goal of structural functionalism?

social cooperation.

People in the United States often fly the national flag as a(n) ______ of their patriotism.

symbol

Patriotic music, fireworks, and picnics represent Independence Day in the United States. These are examples of ______.

symboles

Who has been collecting data on social and political opinion since 1972 and makes it available to researchers at no charge?

the General Social Survey.

What program, enacted in the 1930's, established unemployment insurance, social security, and the federal minimum wage?

the New Deal

______ is the disparity in income earned between men and women.

the gender wage gap

Feral children present a unique opportunity for scientists to study ___.

the impact of nature without the influence of nurture.

The expectation that we give and take in equal ways with others refers to ______.

the norm of reciprocity

Studies show that the strongest predictor for educational success depends on ______.

the parents' education and income levels

A cultural group that exists within another, larger culture is a ______.

subculture

A factors that can create negative socialization experience for a child in school is ___.

Skin color.

Which of these racial minority groups has the highest employment and education rates?

Asian Americans

A minority family moves into a predominantly White neighborhood. Neighbors visit the family to see what they are like. One family ignores them completely. One family tells them they are welcome, while another petitions to push them out. One family visits and asks the family how they can afford the house on welfare. Which occurrence is an example of microaggression?

Asking how they can afford the house

Who is credited with naming the field of sociology?

August Comte

Sociology was developed in the 18th and 19th centuries to ______.

Better understand societal change.

What is one reason why few people of color are elected to public office?

District lines are created to place most of minority voters into just a few districts

The application of sociological research helps us to understand and address ______.

Economic inequality and racism.

Which theorist was one of the first to explain how deviance varied in rates across place, time, and groups?

Emile Durkheim

___ organizations assign members to specific jobs and have a system to replace them when needed.

Formal

The individualistic perspective is problematic because it ______.

Fosters the impression that individuals are not influenced by their environments

Jane Addams is remembered for ______.

Founding the settlement house movement.

______ occurs when groups of people are described in over-all terms.

Generalizations.

Which theorist created a field of study that observed the ordinary or everyday methods people use to make sense of their social interaction?

Harold Garfinkel.

Caleb thought his research would find that college students cared more about partying than grades, but he was surprised to find that grades were more often the first priority in the students he surveyed. What should Caleb do next?

His theory needs to be adjusted.

When scientists study children who have lived in isolation, these children demonstrate ___.

How society and social interactions affect who we are.

In describing social life and the different regions, Goffman refers to the "backstage" as an area ___.

In which one no longer has to perform.

At Sunny Day daycare center, employees mainly watch the children and play games with them. How would a new administrator make changes to improve the cognitive development of a child at preschool age?

Increase the educational activities to maximize this time of strong brain development.

How was the Industrial Revolution a factor in the formation of sociology as a discipline?

It changed where people lived and how they worked.

How did the Industrial Revolution impact education in the United States?

It provided a means of training people to work in the new labor positions.

What did the Immigration Act of 1924 do?

It reduced immigration from southern and eastern Europe.

What is the symbolic interactionist perspective?

It studies the social construction of reality through the use of shared symbols.

Which group was interned during World War II?

Japanese Americans

Symbolic Interactionism falls under which theoretical perspective?

Micro

what was the first state to legalize same sex marriage following a court challenge?

Massachusetts

How did Talcott Parsons explain the roles of men and women in a family?

Men and women have distinct roles based on innate biological characteristics.

How would Mead explain the concept of taking the role of the other?

People become aware of what others do and imitate them.

A researcher would like to study intelligence. Which of these would result in qualitative data?

Recording opinions about IQ scores from members of a given population.

What are the three main theoretical perspectives of sociology?

Structural functionalism, conflict, and symbolic interaction.

What is a valuable workplace skill often acquired by studying sociology?

The increased use of critical thinking.

A country has an estate system in place. How would social mobility occur in this country?

The lower levels of the system would likely remain in the same social position as their parents with little opportunity for advancement.

A politician employs illegal immigrants for housekeeping services. A nearby restaurant also employs illegal immigrants. The restaurant is fined, but the politician does NOT suffer any consequences. How would social location explain this?

The politician has more power and position to resist consequences.

Which statement exemplifies false consciousness?

The proletariat class not recognizing the permanence of their social and economic status.

How does the neighborhood you live in affect your life expectancy?

The safer and healthier your environment is, the better chance you have to live a longer life.

A minority high school student is steered toward vocational classes rather than college preparatory classes. How would tracking explain this?

The student would be placed based on social standing and cultural capital.

The precedent establishing that a child's enslaved status followed that of his or her mother was ______.

Virginia law, Act XII

Which statement is an example of a good generalization?

Women are more likely to experience sexism.

Max Weber's theory about class position focused on ___.

a person's own skills and social standing

The inability to buy a home in the United States is a factor in poverty because home ownership is ___.

a primary way to attain wealth

social movements are more likely to develop in which political climate?

a society where people have the freedom to organize and mobilize

Two ways the text suggests for reducing inequality in the United States are raising the federal minimum wage or establishing ______, as Canada and Finland have implemented.

a universal basic income

A belief is defined as ______.

accepting that something is true

people who participate in community based organizing are mainly interested in ___.

addressing an issue that impacts their own communities

when marcella decided to participate in the women's march... husband joined her... Marcella's husband was a(n) ___.

ally

How would functionalists see the purpose of education?

as a means of producing workers who are trained to perform jobs

What is an important element of culture?

beliefs

A juvenile offender is caught stealing and must speak before the judge to try to get his sentence reduced. How would he accurately employ a denial of injury?

by pointing out that he did not physically harm anyone.

How might a researcher study substance abuse using basic research?

by reading articles about potential genetic components

The text describes two ways that may cause social movements to fail: repression and ___ ... for the original movement goals.

co-option

A researcher conducts a study about student experiences in online classes. The researcher provides a label for the different responses so that they can be classified into categories. What is the researcher doing?

coding.

In a college seminar, an individual argues that in order to eliminate racism society should ignore race and racial issues completely. This student follows which perspective?

colorblind ideology

There are two steps to create public morality: the first is to generate awareness and the second is moral ___.

conversion

According to sociologist Robin Williams, which of these is least likely to be considered an American value?

cooperation and sharing

The Ku Klux Klan is an example of a ______.

counterculture

Which couples are most likely to divorce?

couples with few resources

The legalistic approach toward deviance considers only ___ to be deviant.

crimes

What makes organizing for a social movement more difficult?

cross cultural issues

According to George Murdock, each country has a unique culture, but there are some cultural practices that exist in most or all societies. These are called ______.

cultural universals

A group or society's way of life, including characteristics that make it different from other groups or societies, refers to _____.

culture

Oscar Lewis's term ______ describes the beliefs, values, and attitudes of those living in poverty.

culture of poverty

What theory suggests that the poor could move out of poverty if they just worked harder and changed their attitudes, or as some say, "pull themselves up by their bootstraps"?

culture of poverty

The distillation of raw data into useful information is known as ______.

data analysis

Critics argue that increased use of vouchers will ______.

diminish the resources of the public schools they leave behind

African Americans comprise the largest percentage of incarcerated Americans. This high proportion is most likely a result of ______.

discrimination

A majority of U.S. households are headed by ___.

dual earner couples

Young men who are expected to be hyper-masculine are more likely to ______.

engage in risky behaviors

Shared language, religion, and national origin of a particular group of people refers to ___.

ethnicity

People who believe that their culture is better than any others are displaying ___.

ethnocentrism

The field of study pioneered by Harold Garfinkel that studies the ordinary methods people use to make sense of their social interactions is called ___.

ethnomethodology.

What role do structural functionalists expect women to play in society?

expressive

Which of these is an example of visible stigma?

facial disfigurement.

A social unit that provides a basis for emotional bonds and consists of a group of people who take responsibility for one another refers to a(n) ______.

family

During the 16th and 17th centuries, a Native American society would likely use ______ to organize political, military, and economic transactions.

family ties

What is typically the first agent of socialization for children?

family.

In agrarian societies, the means of production was ______.

farming

Children who are raised in isolation and have few opportunities for social interaction are typically labeled as ___.

feral.

Economic inequality relates to and is affected by other forms of inequality, including ___.

gender

Which concept is a result of nurture rather than nature (biology)?

gender

Which theory of gender is characterized by an openness to combine all other theories?

gender as social structure

Which of these is least likely to be considered a form of family violence?

gender role expectations

A college-educated woman working as a mid-level manager has applied for an upper management position four times. A male with less education and experience ends up getting the promotion each time, even though her reviews are consistently above average. Which of the following is occurring?

glass ceiling

A student from an economically disfranchised home has trouble getting to school on time, listening to the teacher, and rarely answers questions in class due to low self-confidence. As a result, the student will most likely be ______.

guided into a low skilled and low paid job

Since 2001 in the United States, support for same-sex marriage has ______.

increased

A child begins to wear clothes that he believes his friends will find appealing. Which sociological theory would see this action as a means of socialization?

looking glass self theory

Members of the corporate community who dominate politics in Washington D.C. are of which class?

power elite

social movements will likely target people in ___ in order to make the changes they seek.

power positions

What is an example of a total institution?

prison.

Jamal is conducting research on a topic that has not been researched before, hoping to discover new knowledge about the topic. In this role, Jamal is a ______ of knowledge.

producer

In Marx's view of capitalism, he labeled the factory workers as the ______.

proletariat

Karl Marx cited the existence of two social classes in the modern society: the ______ who belong to the working class and the ______, or the wealthy owners of the means of production.

proletariat; bourgeoisie

An external source that affects student performance and teacher access to supplies is ______.

property tax revenue

A researcher is conducting a study about the work nurses do on a daily basis. The researcher enters the names of all nurses working at a hospital into a computer program that automatically chooses 25 for interviews. This demonstrates ______.

random sampling

All social institutions have advantages and disadvantages that create social stratification. These advantages and disadvantages are called ______.

structured inequalities

In the late 19th century, the women's christian temperance union... abstain from alcohol. Which type of social movement is this?

redemptive

A young woman graduates high school and moves..., and pay her own bills, none of which she did while living at home. This is an example of ___.

resocialization.

Zach is a student, a son, and a member of his school's basketball team. These are examples of different ________.

status positions

he scientific method is best described as ______.

steps researchers take, including developing a question, and collecting, analyzing, and reporting data

A woman sees two young males approaching on the street. She quickly crosses the street because she assumes they will cause trouble. This woman is engaging in ______.

stereotyping.

A young man applies for several jobs in his small-town community. In the past, he drank heavily and developed a reputation as unreliable. As a result he does not get hired. This is a consequence of ___.

stigma

a key component for a successful social movement, such as the civil rights movement, is ___.

strategic research and planning

A company moves most of its production to another country in order to cut costs. As a result, most of the factory workers lose their jobs. What has occurred?

structural mobility

Which perspective focuses on how social interactions create and reproduce meaning within school experiences?

symbolic interactionist

Which theory focuses on the socially created gender lessons we learn as children and how do they then define our actions as adults?

symbolic interactionist

Sociologist Gerhard Lenski argued that ______ is what leads to different types of societies over time.

technology

Which of these best describes socialization?

the ability to follow social norms and expectations of one's society

The Trump administration's $2.3 trillion tax cut mostly benefited ______.

the top 1%

Groups of theories that share certain aspects are ______.

theoretical perspectives

A ______ in sociology is a way to explain different social patterns.

theory

The findings of the Human Genome Project impacted ideas about racism because they show that ___.

there are more genetic differences within a race than between races

When Elias was 17, he robbed a bank and went to prison for 10 years. A structural functionalist would say Elias ________.

violated social norms

When researchers use a qualitative approach for research, some of their material may involve ______.

visual representation

Preadolescent boys who watch the Disney Channel and music videos become more likely to see ___.

women as sexual objects

How would consumers of popular culture most likely spend their days?

working in a factory.