Introduction to Criminal Justice: Ch. 3

Which of the following is not true of the Bill of Rights?

It only offers citizens protection against the federal government and its laws.

Which two amendments to the U.S. Constitution provide that no person should be deprived of "life, liberty, or property without due process of law"?

Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments

Which of the following is true of victims' rights in the United States?

In 2013, several members of Congress introduced a Victims' Rights Amendment.

Which of the following best describes one's "duty to retreat"?

One must, given the opportunity, run away to avoid conflict or assault.

Which of the following is a key difference between voluntary and involuntary intoxication as a criminal defense?

Only with involuntary intoxication is a person physically forced or deceived to ingest an intoxicating substance.

Which of the following is true of the insanity plea?

States across the country apply different tests to determine insanity.

What is the main complaint of victims' right advocates?

Victims should not be so powerless in the judicial process against their assailant.

What is the main difference between case law and statutory law?

While case law is judge-made law, statutory law is created by legislatures.

When a suspect has evidence that he or she was elsewhere at the time of a crime, that suspect has which of the following?

an alibi

How does duress cause a person to perform an unlawful act that he or she would otherwise not perform?

by the wrongful threat of another person

Which of the following is not an example of a strict liability law?

child endangerment laws

All law can be divided into two categories:

civil law and criminal law

According to procedural due process, the law must be carried out by a method that is _______.

fair and orderly

The primary legal function of the law is to maintain social order by protecting citizens from criminal harm. Which of the following is not one the generalized harms included in this?

harms to the constitution's provisions

Why is statutory rape a crime even when the underage person is consenting?

in the eyes of the law the underage person is considered incapable of making a rational decision on the matter

Why is the U.S. Constitution thought of as the supreme law of the land?

it is the basis of all laws in the United States

Which of the following is an example of the "social" function of the law?

laws of prostitution

Which of the following is not one of the elements essential of any crime?

motive

According to the M'Naghten rule, a person is legally insane and therefore not criminally responsible if, at the time of the offense, he or she was _______.

not able to distinguish between right and wrong

Sometimes, local values and federal law will conflict with one another. When this happens, states or localities can and have passed which of the following types of laws that seek to void federal legislation within their borders?

nullification laws

Because, as a result of a mental disease or defect, Joanna did not perceive the physical nature or consequences of her conduct, she was able to do which of the following?

plead insanity

Where criminal law is concerned with guilt, civil law is concerned with _______.

responsibility

Which of the following is the principle that the rules of a legal system apply equally to all persons, institutions, and entities—public or private—that make up a society?

rule of law

Why is it almost always easier to win monetary damages in a civil trial than it is to win a conviction in a criminal trial?

the burden of proof is much greater in criminal trials

Which of the following is not one of the three rights afforded to victims under the Crime Victims' Rights Act of 2004?

the right to be vindicated