Inverts and Verts Practice

Ecdysozoa is distinguished from Lophotrochozoa by a. Pattern of cleavage b. The type of coelom c. The shedding of its outer layer d. Being bilateral e. None of the above

C

In comparison to the old phylogenetic scheme, which of the following is found in the new scheme but not the older one? a. Aceola is no longer considered a distinct phyla b. Echinodermata is no longer closely related to chordata c. Ctenophora is now considered more basal (more ancestral) than previously d. Sponges are now considered the most basal of animal groups e. None of the above

C

In terms of a body plan a. Phylogenetic schemes divide animals into either radial or bilateral symmetry. b. Humans are one of the few species that meet the criteria for being bilateral c. Symmetry is often related to the degree of cephalization. d. The type of coelom is an indicator of the type of symmetry. e. None of the above are correct

C

Which trait used in phyologenetic analyses loses its importance when molecular data are taken into account a. metazoa b. Bilateria c. Protostomia d. Deuterostomia e. Eumetozoa

C

You are studying embryonic development. In your organism, at the 8-cell stage, each individual cell has a retained capacity to develop into a fully functioning embryo if it is removed. What type of developmental mode is this? a. Protostome b. Spiral c. Deuterostome d. Determinate e. None of the above

C

The difference between deterostomes and protostomes is: a. Protostomes gave rise to deterostomes b. The blastopore in deterostomes becomes the c. Deterosomes have spiral cleavage d. Deterosomes are triploblastic while not protostomes e. None of the above.

B

A major difference between Annelida and Nematoda is body segmentation. a. True b. False

A

Acoela is more closely related to a. snakes b. Jellyfish c. Choanoflagellates d. Sponges e. corals

A

In terms of phylogeny, Ctenophores have more in common with Cnidaria than with Porifera. a. True b. False

A

In the most recent phylogenetic scheme, a deuterostome may not be placed a group within the clade called Deuterstomia. a. True b. False

A

Phylogenetic structural/embryological and molecular data analyses agree on a. Bilateria have most of the animal phyla b. Sponges seem unrelated to all other phyla making them appear to have an independent origin c. Chordates are the most advanced animals d. Acoelomates are the likely origin to all pseudocoelomates e. None of the above

A

The fossil Tiktaalik shows a. Fish and amphibian characteristics b. Amphibian and reptile characteristics c. Reptile and mammal characteristics d. Coelacanth and lungfish characteristics e. None of the above.

A

Which of the following groups are diploblastic? a. cnidaria b. porifera c. chordata d. annelida e. arthropoda

A

Which of the following groups is characterized by having both a polyp and a medusa body form? a. Cnidarians b. Porifera c. Platyhelminthes d. Mullusca e. Echinodermata

A

Which of the following has the cleavage resembling a Deuterostome? a. Echinodermata b. Ctenophora c. Cnidaria d. Annlida e. Mollusca

A

Which of the following is most closely related to vertebrates: a. Echinodermata b. Arthropoda c. Mollusca d. Cnidaria e. Acoela

A

Which of the following traits makes Acoela seem more advanced than it is: a. Triploblastic b. Diploblastic c. Circulatory system d. Radial symmetry e. None of the above

A

Your textbook states that the true and false coeloms have evolved multiple times. a. True b. False

A

Arthropods are known for their a. visceral mass b. dorso-ventral flattening c. jointed appendages d. mantle e. all of the above

C

Coral bleaching is caused by the loss of mitochondria. a. True b. False

B

Indeterminate cleavage means that each cell in early cleavage will form a specific part of the animal. a. True b. False

B

Platyhelminthes are triploblastic, which also means that they must have either coeloms or pseudocoeloms. a. True b. False

B

Regarding Protostomia, a. The anus is derived from the blastopore b. The mouth is derived from the blastopore c. They have radial cleavage d. They have indeterminate cell fate early in cleavage e. None of the above

B

Sponges are unlikely to go through gastrulation because a. They are the only phyla that have choanocytes b. They appear to have no tissues c. They are too closely related to Echinoderms that also do not go through gastrulation d. They are diploblastic e. None of the above

B

Your textbook points out that body plans of Arthropoda is explained by experiments illustrating the development of new HOX genes. a. True b. False

B

___________________ have a digestive tract that is not at all connected to the mesoderm. a. Coelomates b. Pseudocoelomates c. Acoelomates d. A and B e. A and C

B

A specialization found only in Cnidaria a. The choanocytes b. The osculum c. nematocysts d. Proglottids e. mantle

C

All of the following clades are Eumetazoans except a. acoela b. cnidaria c. porifera d. mollusca e. chordata

C

Acoela has become an interesting animal group because: a. It has a gastrovascular cavity similar to Porifera b. It has choanocytes similar to Porifera c. It is diplobastic similar to both Cnidaria and Annelida d. It seems to be a basal animal yet may be triploblastic e. There is a suggestion that it could be the link between Echinodermata and Chordata.

D

An animal phyla not characterized as a bilaterian is: a. Mollusca b. Echinoderms c. Chordates d. Ctenophores e. None of the above

D

Echinoderms and Chordates do not share the follow character: a. Bilateria b. Deterostomia c. Blastopore becomes anus d. Spiral cleavage e. None of the above (they share all of the above)

D

Gastropods (e.g., snails) and Cephalapods (e.g. squid) have a a. a true coelom b. a foot c. a mantle d. all of the above e. none of the above

D

In Porifera a. The blastopore becomes the mouth b. Has indeterminate cleavage c. The blastopore becomes the alimentary canal d. Does not have the gastrula stage e. None of the above

D

The regarding pseudocoeolomates and coelomates: a. Pseudocoelomates gave rise to coelomates b. Pseudocoelomates have a coelom made entirely from endoderm c. Pseudocoelomates are diplobastic while coelomates are not d. Only true coeloms are derived entirely from mesoderm e. None of the above.

D

Which of the following conclusions about animal relationships do the molecular and morphological phylogenies agree upon? a. Deuterostomes and Protostomes form separate clades. b. Acoela is a recognized phylum. c. Choanoflagellates are the basal metazoans d. Sponges represent basal animals. e. none of the above

D

Which of the following is found in all Chordates: a. True coelom b. Dorsal nerve cord c. Pharyngeal slits d. All of the above e. None of the above

D

Unlike coelomates, pseudocoelomates a. Have the gut covered with mesoderm b. Have no true mesoderm c. Adults have a single opening for the digestive tract d. Have an external body covering of endoderm e. None of the above

E

What type of coelom do cnidarians have? a. True coelom b. Cniadarians are Pseudocoelomates c. Cnidarians are Acoelomates d. Cnidarians do not have true tissues e. Cnidarians do not have a coelom

E

Which of the following has the cleavage traits of a Prostostomia? a. Mollusca b. Annelida c. Nematoda d. Platyhelminthes e. All of the above

E

Which of the following is not a Protostome a. Nematoda b. Annelida c. Rotifer d. Mollusca e. Echinodermata

E

Which of the following is shared by both Porifera and Cnideria a. Mesohyl b. Gastrovascular cavity c. Choanocytes d. Gastrodermis e. None of the above

E

Which of the following phyla would most likely have the most ancestral animal traits: a. Nematoda b. Brachiopoda c. Platyhelminthes d. Rotifera e. Ctenophora

E