Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds

In a crystal of sodium chloride, NaCl, each sodium ion is surrounded by....negative chloride ions, and each chloride ion is surrounded by....positive sodium ions

6 6

Which of the following best describes a reason that ionic compounds tend to be brittle?

A force strong enough to push ions out of alignment results in like-charged ions being next to each other.

Which statements describe the structure of a crystal of sodium chloride?

Each sodium ion is surrounded by six chloride ions. The ions are present in a one-to-one ratio. The crystal has an overall cubic arrangement.

True or false: Smaller ions produce weaker interionic attractions and smaller lattice energies.

False

Which statements about the conductivity of ionic compounds are true?

Ionic compounds in the solid state do not conduct an electric current. Ionic compounds in liquid solutions conduct electric current. For an ionic compound to conduct an electric current, its ions must be able to move.

Which statement about how ion charge affects lattice energy is true?

Larger charges generally result in a greater lattice energy.

Which statement about how ion size affects lattice energy is true?

Smaller ions produce greater lattice energies.

Which statements about the formation of ionic bonds in sodium chloride are true?

The oppositely charged ions attract each other in an ionic bond. A sodium atom transfers its valence electron to a chlorine atom.

Which of these descriptions match the physical structure of an ionic compound?

The pattern of ions results in a balance between the forces of attraction and repulsion. Ions exist in a ratio that results in an overall charge of zero for the compound. Ions form a regular repeating pattern.

Which is any three-dimensional geometric arrangement of particles in which each positive ion is surrounded by negative ions and each negative ion is surrounded by positive ions?

a crystal lattice

In an ionic compound, positive and negative ions are packed into a regular repeating pattern that balances the forces of....and....between the ions

attraction repulsion

These diagrams show why ionic compounds tend to be....

brittle

silicates halides borates carbonates

contain an anion that is a combination of silicon and oxygen contain fluoride, chloride, bromide, or iodide ions have anions that contain boron and oxygen have anions that contain carbon and oxygen

Binary ionic compounds ______.

contain only two different elements contain a metallic cation and a nonmetallic anion

Which physical properties are typical of ionic compounds?

do not conduct electricity as solids have high melting and boiling points conduct electricity when dissolved hard and brittle

What is an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current?

electrolyte

Every chemical process is either exothermic or endothermic. The formation of ionic compounds from positive ions and negative ions is always...

exothermic

Ions with larger positive or negative charges generally result in a....lattice energy

greater

Because ionic bonds are relatively strong, ionic compounds tend to be ______.

hard and rigid

Typical ionic compounds have...melting and boiling points

high

The electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound is referred to as a(n)......

ionic bond

What is the term for the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound?

ionic bond

Ionic crystals have high melting points and high boiling points because ______.

ionic bonds are relatively strong

What are compounds that contain ionic bonds called?

ionic compounds

In terms of energy change, the formation of ionic compounds from positive ions and negative ions ______.

is always exothermic

Ionic bonds require a...amount of energy to be broken apart because ionic bonds are relatively...Thus, ionic crystals have....melting and boiling points.

large strong high

The energy required to separate 1 mol of the ions of an ionic compound is referred to as the(1)...(2)..

lattice energy

When an ionic compound is in the...state or is dissolved in a,...it conducts electricity because the ions are free to move around. Ionic compounds in the....state do not conduct electricity because the ions are locked in position.

liquid solution solids

Which of these ionic compounds are binary?

magnesium oxide, MgO sodium chloride, NaCl magnesium chloride, MgCl2

If ionic bonds occur between metals and the nonmetal oxygen,... form. Most other ionic compounds are called

oxides salts

The two main types of ionic compounds are ______.

oxides and salts

Which is a binary ionic compound?

potassium bromide, KBr

Sodium chloride forms when a....atom transfers its valence electron to a....atom and the oppositely charged ions attract each other in a(n)....bond

sodium chlorine ionic

Ionic crystals are hard and rigid because the ionic bonds holding the ions in position are relatively....

strong

The physical properties of ionic compounds are determined by the nature of the bonds between ions and the unique physical....that form as a result.

structures

Which are mainly responsible for determining the physical properties of ionic compounds?

their unique physical structures their ionic bonds