IR Flight Instruments
(Refer to Figure 144.) Which illustration indicates a skidding turn? 2 1 3
1
If a half-standard rate turn is maintained, how long would it take to turn 135°? 1 minute. 1 minute 20 seconds. 1 minute 30 seconds.
1 minute 30 seconds.
If a half-standard rate turn is maintained, how much time would be required to turn clockwise from a heading of 090° to a heading of 180°? 30 seconds. 1 minute. 1 minute 30 seconds.
1 minute.
If a standard rate turn is maintained, how much time would be required to turn to the right from a heading of 090° to a heading of 270°? 1 minute. 2 minutes. 3 minutes.
1 minute.
To level off from a descent to a specific altitude, the pilot should lead the level-off by approximately 10 percent of the vertical speed. 30 percent of the vertical speed. 50 percent of the vertical speed.
10 percent of the vertical speed.
Approximately what percent of the indicated vertical speed should be used to determine the number of feet to lead the level-off from a climb to a specific altitude? 10 percent. 20 percent. 25 percent .
10 percent.
To level off at an airspeed higher than the descent speed, the addition of power should be made, assuming a 500 FPM rate of descent, at approximately 50 to 100 feet above the desired altitude. 100 to 150 feet above the desired altitude. 150 to 200 feet above the desired altitude.
100 to 150 feet above the desired altitude.
What CAS must be used to maintain a filed TAS of 128 knots at 5,000 MSL if the outside air temperature is +5 degrees C? 119 KCAS. 124 KCAS. 126 KCAS.
119 KCAS.
What CAS must be used to maintain the filed TAS of 156 knots at 11,000 MSL if the outside air temperature is +05 degrees C? 129 KCAS. 133 KCAS. 139 KCAS.
129 KCAS.
What CAS must be used to maintain a filed TAS of 160 knots at 11,000 MSL if the outside air temperature is +5 degrees C? 129 KCAS. 133 KCAS. 139 KCAS.
133 KCAS.
What CAS must be used to maintain the filed TAS of 155 knots at 8,000 MSL if the outside air temperature is -5 degrees C? 134 KCAS. 139 KCAS. 142 KCAS.
139 KCAS
What CAS must be used to maintain a filed TAS of 180 knots at 12,000 MSL if the outside air temperature is +5 degrees C? 147 KCAS. 150 KCAS. 154 KCAS.
147 KCAS.
Errors in both pitch and bank indication on an attitude indicator are usually at a maximum as the aircraft rolls out of a 180° turn. 270° turn. 360° turn.
180° turn
Refer to Figure 144.) Which illustration indicates a slipping turn? Answers: 1 3 2
2
En route at FL290, your altimeter is set correctly, but you fail to reset it to the local altimeter setting of 30.26" Hg during descent. If the field elevation is 134 feet and your altimeter is functioning properly, what will it indicate after landing? 100 feet MSL. 474 feet MSL. 206 feet below MSL.
206 feet below MSL.
The pressure altitude at a given location is indicated on the altimeter after the altimeter is set to the field elevation. 29.92" Hg. the current altimeter setting.
29.92" Hg.
(Refer to Figure 144.) Which illustration indicates a coordinated turn? 3 1 2
3
If a half-standard rate turn is maintained, how long will it take to turn 360°? 1 minute. 2 minutes. 4 minutes.
4 minutes
To level off from a descent maintaining the descending airspeed, the pilot should lead the desired altitude by approximately 20 feet. 50 feet. 60 feet.
50 feet.
If a standard rate turn is maintained, how much time would be required to turn to the left from a heading of 090° to a heading of 300°? 30 seconds. 40 seconds. 50 seconds.
50 seconds.
At an altitude of 6,500 feet MSL, the current altimeter setting is 30.42" Hg. The pressure altitude would be approximately 7,500 feet. 6,000 feet. 6,500 feet.
6,000 feet.
At an altitude of 6,500 feet MSL, the current altimeter setting is 30.42" Hg. The pressure altitude would be approximately 7,500 feet. 6,000 feet. 6,500 feet.
6,000 feet.
How does a pilot normally obtain the current altimeter setting during an IFR flight in Class E airspace below 18,000 feet? The pilot should contact ARTCC at least every 100 NM and request the altimeter setting. FSS's along the route broadcast the weather information at 15 minutes past the hour. ATC periodically advises the pilot of the proper altimeter setting
ATC periodically advises the pilot of the proper altimeter setting
Refer to Figure 147.) Which is the correct sequence for recovery from the unusual attitude indicated? Level wings, add power, lower nose, descend to original attitude, and heading. Add power, lower nose, level wings, return to original attitude and heading. Stop turn by raising right wing and add power at the same time, lower the nose, and return to original attitude and heading.
Add power, lower nose, level wings, return to original attitude and heading.
What pretakeoff check should be made of a vacuum-driven heading indicator in preparation for an IFR flight? After 5 minutes, set the indicator to the magnetic heading of the aircraft and check for proper alignment after taxi turns. After 5 minutes, check that the heading indicator card aligns itself with the magnetic heading of the aircraft. Determine that the heading indicator does not process more than 2° in 5 minutes of ground operation.
After 5 minutes, set the indicator to the magnetic heading of the aircraft and check for proper alignment after taxi turns.
Which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than actually flown (true altitude)? Air temperature lower than standard. Atmospheric pressure lower than standard. Air temperature warmer than standard.
Air temperature warmer than standard.
What is the third fundamental skill in attitude instrument flying? Instrument cross-check. Power control. Aircraft control.
Aircraft Control
You enter an unusual attitude after failure of your attitude indicator. To recover, which instruments do you consult for the best pitch information? Turn indicator and VSI. Airspeed, VSI, and altimeter. VSI and airspeed to detect approaching Vmo.
Airspeed, VSI, and altimeter.
For maintaining level flight at constant thrust, which instrument would be the least appropriate for determining the need for a pitch change? Altimeter. VSI. Attitude indicator.
Attitude indicator.
Which instrument indicates the quality of a turn? Attitude indicator. Heading indicator or magnetic compass. Ball of the turn coordinator.
Ball of the turn coordinator.
During a skidding turn to the right, what is the relationship between the component of lift, centrifugal force, and load factor? Centrifugal force is less than horizontal lift and the load factor is increased. Centrifugal force is greater than horizontal lift and the load factor is increased. Centrifugal force and horizontal lift are equal and the load factor is decreased.
Centrifugal force is greater than horizontal lift and the load factor is increased.
(Refer to Figure 148.) What is the flight attitude? One system which transmits information to the instruments has malfunctioned. Climbing turn to left. Climbing turn to right. Level turn to left.
Climbing turn to right.
What are the three fundamental skills involved in attitude instrument flying? Instrument interpretation, trim application, and aircraft control. Cross-check, instrument interpretation, and aircraft control. Cross-check, emphasis, and aircraft control.
Cross-check, instrument interpretation, and aircraft control.
What is the correct sequence in which to use the three skills used in instrument flying? Attitude control, cross-check, and instrument interpretation. Pitch controls, power control, and trim control. Cross-check, instrument interpretation, and aircraft control.
Cross-check, instrument interpretation, and aircraft control.
When airspeed is decreased in a turn, what must be done to maintain level flight? Decrease the angle of bank and/or increase the angle of attack. Increase the angle of bank and/or decrease the angle of attack. Increase the angle of attack.
Decrease the angle of bank and/or increase the angle of attack.
What is the relationship between centrifugal force and the horizontal lift component in a coordinated turn? Horizontal lift exceeds centrifugal force. Horizontal lift and centrifugal force are equal. Centrifugal force exceeds horizontal lift.
Horizontal lift and centrifugal force are equal
What force causes an airplane to turn? Rudder pressure or force around the vertical axis. Vertical lift component. Horizontal lift component.
Horizontal lift component.
Under what condition will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude with an altimeter setting of 29.92" Hg? In warmer than standard air temperature. In colder than standard air temperature. When density altitude is higher than indicated altitude.
In colder than standard air temperature.
(Refer to Figure 144.) What changes in control displacement should be made so that '2' would result in a coordinated standard rate turn? Increase left rudder and increase rate of turn. Increase left rudder and decrease rate of turn. Decrease left rudder and decrease angle of bank.
Increase left rudder and increase rate of turn.
If both the ram air input and drain hole of the pitot system are blocked, what airspeed indication can be expected? Increase of indicated airspeed during a climb. Decrease of indicated airspeed during a climb. Constant indicated airspeed during any change in altitude.
Increase of indicated airspeed during a climb.
When airspeed is increased in a turn, what must be done to maintain a constant altitude? Decrease the angle of bank. Increase the angle of bank and/or decrease the angle of attack. Decrease the angle of attack.
Increase the angle of bank and/or decrease the angle of attack.
When airspeed is increased in a turn, what must be done to maintain a constant altitude? Decrease the angle of attack. Increase the angle of bank and/or decrease the pitch attitude. Decrease the angle of bank.
Increase the angle of bank and/or decrease the pitch attitude.
What indication is presented by the miniature aircraft of the turn coordinator? Indirect indication of the bank attitude. Direct indication of the bank attitude and the quality of the turn. Quality of the turn.
Indirect indication of the bank attitude.
What is the first fundamental skill in attitude instrument flying? Aircraft control. Instrument cross-check. Instrument interpretation.
Instrument cross-check.
If both the ram air input and the drain hole of the pitot system are blocked, what reaction should you observe on the airspeed indicator when power is applied and a climb is initiated out of severe icing conditions? The indicated airspeed would show a continuous deceleration while climbing. The airspeed would drop to, and remain at, zero. No change until an actual climb rate is established, then indicated airspeed will increase.
No change until an actual climb rate is established, then indicated airspeed will increase.
The glide slope and localizer are centered, but the airspeed is too fast. Which should be adjusted initially? Pitch and power. Power only. Pitch only.
Power only.
Which altitude is indicated when the altimeter is set to 29.92" Hg? Density. Pressure. Standard.
Pressure.
Which of the following defines the type of altitude used when maintaining FL210? Indicated. Pressure. Calibrated.
Pressure.
What indications are displayed by the miniature aircraft of a turn coordinator? Rate of roll and rate of turn. Direct indication of bank angle and pitch attitude. Indirect indication of bank angle and pitch attitude.
Rate of roll and rate of turn.
During a constant-bank level turn, what effect would an increase in airspeed have on the rate and radius of turn? Rate of turn would increase, and radius of turn would increase. Rate of turn would decrease, and radius of turn would decrease. Rate of turn would decrease, and radius of turn would increase.
Rate of turn would decrease, and radius of turn would increase.
Which is the correct sequence for recovery from a spiraling, nose-low, increasing airspeed, unusual flight attitude? Increase pitch attitude, reduce power, and level wings. Reduce power, correct the bank attitude, and raise the nose to a level attitude. Reduce power, raise the nose to level attitude, and correct the bank attitude.
Reduce power, correct the bank attitude, and raise the nose to a level attitude.
En route at FL290, the altimeter is set correctly, but not reset to the local altimeter setting of 30.57" Hg during descent. If the field elevation is 650 feet and the altimeter is functioning properly, what is the approximate indication upon landing? 715 feet. 1,300 feet. Sea level.
Sea level.
How can you determine the pressure altitude on an airport without a tower or FSS? Set the altimeter to 29.92" Hg and read the altitude indicated. Set the altimeter to the current altimeter setting of a station within 100 miles and correct this indicated altitude with local temperature. Use your computer and correct the field elevation for temperature.
Set the altimeter to 29.92" Hg and read the altitude indicated.
How should you preflight check the altimeter prior to an IFR flight? Set the altimeter to the current temperature. With current temperature and the altimeter indication, determine the calibrated altitude to compare with the field elevation. Set the altimeter first with 29.92" Hg and then the current altimeter setting. The change in altitude should correspond to the change in setting. Set the altimeter to the current altimeter setting. The indication should be within 75 feet of the actual elevation for acceptable accuracy.
Set the altimeter to the current altimeter setting. The indication should be within 75 feet of the actual elevation for acceptable accuracy.
What is the procedure for setting the altimeter when assigned an IFR altitude of 18,000 feet or higher on a direct flight off airways? Set the altimeter to 29.92" Hg before takeoff. Set the altimeter to the current altimeter setting until reaching the assigned altitude, then set to 29.92" Hg. Set the altimeter to the current reported setting for climb out and 29.92" Hg upon reaching 18,000 feet.
Set the altimeter to the current reported setting for climb out and 29.92" Hg upon reaching 18,000 feet.
During flight, if the pitot tube becomes clogged with ice, which of the following instruments would be affected? The airspeed indicator only. The airspeed indicator and the altimeter. The airspeed indicator, altimeter, and VSI.
The airspeed indicator only.
What indication should a pilot observe if an airspeed indicator ram air input and drain hole are blocked? The airspeed indicator will react as an altimeter. The airspeed indicator will show a decrease with an increase in altitude. No airspeed indicator change will occur during climbs or descents.
The airspeed indicator will react as an altimeter.
What indications should you observe on the turn-and-slip indicator during taxi? The ball moves freely opposite the turn, and the needle deflects in the direction of the turn. The needle deflects in the direction of the turn, but the ball remains centered. The ball deflects opposite the turn, but the needle remains centered.
The ball moves freely opposite the turn, and the needle deflects in the direction of the turn.
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass when you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from a south heading in the Northern Hemisphere? The compass will indicate a turn to the left, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring. The compass will initially indicate a turn to the right. The compass will remain on south for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the aircraft.
The compass will indicate a turn to the left, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a south heading in the Northern Hemisphere? The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring. The compass will initially indicate a turn to the left. The compass will remain on south for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the aircraft.
The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from a west heading in the Northern Hemisphere? The compass will initially indicate a turn to the right. The compass will remain on west for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the aircraft. The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.
The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from an east heading in the Northern Hemisphere? The compass will initially indicate a turn to the right. The compass will remain on east for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the aircraft. The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.
The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from an easterly heading in the Northern Hemisphere? The compass will initially indicate a turn to the left. The compass will remain on east for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the aircraft. The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.
The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a northerly heading in the Northern Hemisphere? The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring. The compass will initially indicate a turn to the left. The compass will remain on north for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the aircraft.
The compass will initially indicate a turn to the left.
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from a north heading in the Northern Hemisphere? The compass will indicate a turn to the left, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring. The compass will initially indicate a turn to the right. The compass will remain on north for a short time, then gradually catch up to the magnetic heading of the aircraft.
The compass will initially indicate a turn to the right.
What pretakeoff check should be made of the attitude indicator in preparation for an IFR flight? The horizon bar does not vibrate during warmup. The miniature airplane should erect and become stable within 5 minutes. The horizon bar should erect and become stable within 5 minutes.
The horizon bar should erect and become stable within 5 minutes.
What causes the northerly turning error in a magnetic compass? Coriolis force at the mid-latitudes. Centrifugal force acting on the compass card. The magnetic dip characteristic.
The magnetic dip characteristic.
What indication should be observed on a turn coordinator during a left turn while taxiing? The miniature aircraft will show a turn to the left and the ball remains centered. The miniature aircraft will show a turn to the left and the ball moves to the right. Both the miniature aircraft and the ball will remain centered.
The miniature aircraft will show a turn to the left and the ball moves to the right.
What indication should be observed on a turn coordinator during a right turn while taxiing? The miniature aircraft will show a turn to the left and the ball remains centered. The miniature aircraft will show a turn to the right and the ball moves to the left. Both the miniature aircraft and the ball will remain centered.
The miniature aircraft will show a turn to the right and the ball moves to the left.
During normal coordinated turns, what error due to precession should you observe when rolling out to straight-and-level flight from a 180° steep turn to the right? A straight-and-level coordinated flight indication. The miniature aircraft would show a slight turn indication to the left. The miniature aircraft would show a slight descent and wings-level attitude.
The miniature aircraft would show a slight turn indication to the left.
What effect will a change in wind direction have upon maintaining a 3° glide slope at a constant true airspeed? When ground speed decreases, rate of descent must increase. When ground speed increases, rate of descent must increase. Rate of descent must be constant to remain on the glide slope.
When ground speed increases, rate of descent must increase.
Under which condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude? When the atmospheric pressure is 29.92" Hg. When standard atmospheric conditions exist. When indicated altitude is equal to the pressure altitude.
When standard atmospheric conditions exist.
During taxi, the VSI indicates a 100 FPM descent. How does this indication affect your flight? you may not operate under IFR until the VSI is repaired. You may continue under IFR, using the 100 FPM descent as the "zero" indication. You may operate under IFR, but only if the weather is VMC.
You may continue under IFR, using the 100 FPM descent as the "zero" indication.
If you need to use an alternate static source during level flight, you can expect to see a higher indication on the altimeter. a momentary descent on the VSI. a lower indicated airspeed.
a higher indication on the altimeter.
While recovering from an unusual flight attitude without the aid of the attitude indicator, approximate level pitch attitude is reached when the airspeed and altimeter stop their movement and the VSI reverses its trend. airspeed arrives at cruising speed, the altimeter reverses its trend, and the vertical speed stops its movement. altimeter and vertical speed reverse their trend and the airspeed stops its movement
airspeed and altimeter stop their movement and the VSI reverses its trend.
Conditions that determine the pitch attitude required to maintain level flight are airspeed, air density, wing design, and angle of attack. flightpath, wind velocity, and angle of attack. relative wind, pressure altitude, and vertical lift component.
airspeed, air density, wing design, and angle of attack.
In addition to the attitude indicator, the pitch control instruments are the altimeter and airspeed indicator. altimeter, turn coordinator, and VSI. altimeter, airspeed indicator, and VSI.
altimeter, airspeed indicator, and VSI.
While cruising at 160 knots, you wish to establish a climb at 130 knots. When entering the climb (full panel), it is proper to make the initial pitch change by increasing back elevator pressure until the attitude indicator, airspeed, and vertical speed indicate a climb. vertical speed indication reaches the predetermined rate of climb. attitude indicator shows the approximate pitch attitude appropriate for the 130-knot climb.
attitude indicator shows the approximate pitch attitude appropriate for the 130-knot climb.
While cruising at 190 knots, you wish to establish a climb at 160 knots. When entering the climb (full panel), it would be proper to make the initial pitch change by increasing back elevator pressure until the attitude indicator shows the approximate pitch attitude appropriate for the 160-knot climb. attitude indicator, airspeed, and vertical speed indicate a climb. airspeed indication reaches 160 knots.
attitude indicator shows the approximate pitch attitude appropriate for the 160-knot climb.
The local altimeter setting should be used by all pilots in a particular area, primarily to provide for the cancellation of altimeter error due to nonstandard temperatures aloft. better vertical separation of aircraft. more accurate terrain clearance in mountainous areas.
better vertical separation of aircraft.
When the aircraft accelerates, the attitude indicator may precess and incorrectly indicate a climb. descent. right turn.
climb.
The advancement of avionics in light general aviation airplanes has enhanced situational awareness for properly trained pilots. However, there is concern that this technology could lead to complacency. fatigue. resignation.
complacency.
Rate of turn can be increased and radius of turn decreased by decreasing airspeed and shallowing the bank. decreasing airspeed and increasing the bank. increasing airspeed and increasing the bank.
decreasing airspeed and increasing the bank.
When an aircraft is decelerated, some attitude indicators will precess and incorrectly indicate a left turn. climb. descent.
descent.
The rate of descent on the glide slope is dependent upon true airspeed. indicated airspeed. ground speed.
ground speed.
Each person operating an aircraft equipped with ADS-B Out must operate this equipment in transmit mode at all times. when on an IFR flight plan. when on a VFR flight plan.
in transmit mode at all times.
If the outside air temperature increases during a flight at constant power and at a constant indicated altitude, the true airspeed will decrease and true altitude will increase. increase and true altitude will decrease. increase and true altitude will increase
increase and true altitude will increase
The displacement of a turn coordinator during a coordinated turn will indicate the angle of bank. remain constant for a given bank regardless of airspeed. increase as angle of bank increases
increase as angle of bank increases
During a precision radar or ILS approach, the rate of descent required to remain on the glide slope will remain the same regardless of ground speed. increase as the ground speed increases. decrease as the ground speed increases.
increase as the ground speed increases.
To remain on the ILS glidepath, the rate of descent must be decreased if the airspeed is increased. decreased if the ground speed is increased. increased if the ground speed is increased.
increased if the ground speed is increased.
The lighter workloads associated with glass (digital) flight instrumentation are instrumental in decreasing flight crew fatigue. have proven to increase safety in operations. may lead to complacency by the flightcrew.
may lead to complacency by the flightcrew.
The rate of descent required to stay on the ILS glide slope must be increased if the ground speed is decreased. will remain constant if the indicated airspeed remains constant. must be decreased if the ground speed is decreased.
must be decreased if the ground speed is decreased.
An aircraft which is equipped with an Electronic Flight Display (EFD) can compensate for an airman's lack of skill or knowledge. offer new capabilities and simplify the basic flying task. improve flight awareness by allowing the pilot to simply watch for alerts.
offer new capabilities and simplify the basic flying task.
One characteristic that a properly functioning gyro depends upon for operation is the ability to resist precession 90° to any applied force. resistance to deflection of the spinning wheel or disc. deflecting force developed from the angular velocity of the spinning wheel.
resistance to deflection of the spinning wheel or disc.
When a pilot believes advanced avionics enable operations closer to personal or environmental limits, greater utilization of the aircraft is achieved. risk is increased. risk is decreased.
risk is increased.
To enter a constant-airspeed descent from level-cruising flight, and maintain cruising airspeed, the pilot should first adjust the pitch attitude to a descent using the attitude indicator as a reference, then adjust the power to maintain the cruising airspeed. first reduce power, then adjust the pitch using the attitude indicator as a reference to establish a specific rate on the VSI. simultaneously reduce power and adjust the pitch using the attitude indicator as a reference to maintain the cruising airspeed.
simultaneously reduce power and adjust the pitch using the attitude indicator as a reference to maintain the cruising airspeed.
On the taxi check, the magnetic compass should swing opposite to the direction of turn when turning from north. exhibit the same number of degrees of dip as the latitude. swing freely and indicate known headings.
swing freely and indicate known headings.
During recoveries from unusual attitudes, level flight is attained the instant the horizon bar on the attitude indicator is exactly overlapped with the miniature airplane. a zero rate of climb is indicated on the VSI. the altimeter and airspeed needles stop prior to reversing their direction of movement.
the altimeter and airspeed needles stop prior to reversing their direction of movement.
Pressure altitude is the altitude read on your altimeter when the instrument is adjusted to indicate height above sea level. the standard datum plane. ground level.
the standard datum plane.
Altimeter setting is the value to which the scale of the pressure altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates true altitude at field elevation. pressure altitude at field elevation. pressure altitude at sea level.
true altitude at field elevation.
