IS350 FINAL
From a __________ perspective, IT is called upon to deliver new capability to enable the business to remain competitive in the marketplace.
Development
___________ is a financial management technique that charges consumers according to the volume of IT services consumed (i.e., operations) or work done on their behalf (i.e., new development).
Chargeback
Often _________ is the result of a combination of the new capabilities offered by a technology, complementary products and services that build on that technology, and changes in the expectations of and behaviors in a culture, market, or process as a result.
Disruption
What of the following is NOT a type of thought leader?
Functional thought leaders
The _______ perspective says that organizations need to "run" the business and this translates into baseline demand for IT.
Operational
_______ costs consist of what it costs to "keep the lights on" in IT.
Operations
Key APM capabilities include:
All of the above
The focus of the _________ portfolio is on the spending for established applications, trying to balance expense against value.
Application
Ensuring that sets of applications are well aligned with business needs, and positioning the organization technologically to respond to future initiatives is also knows as __________.
Application Portfolio Management (APM)
________ are composable services that include logic, such as "customer lookup," or "provide account summary," or "present a consolidated view."
Business APIs
The intersection of which elements are necessary to make thought leadership central to IT-enabled innovation :
Business context and opportunties, Technical environment and technology opportunities
___________ is the lifeblood of AI.
Data
_________ are technologies that are acquired by the business for their own specific purposes without reference to formal IT processes.
Decentralized technologies
_______ management not only helps IT organizations shape demand, but also plan for demand and respond to changes in demand to meet business needs while controlling their IT budgets.
Demand
IT-Business relationship is a one-dimensional interaction of people and processes.
False
The exploration of emerging technologies can or should be outsourced.
False
Traditional Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC) approach to IT work is appropriate for ETs.
False
Effective IT budgeting is important because it assists with (choose two options):
Fiscal discipline, Strategy implementation
Effective _________ starts with ownership, which entails responsibilities and accountabilities.
Governance
____________ is needed to avoid overstating the short-term benefits of delivering the desired capability and understating the long-term costs of maintaining it.
Governance and transparency
A well-designed ___________ is a key enabler of technology-driven collaboration.
IT architecture
_________ are multilevel and complex and frequently occur in parallel with each other.
IT processes
________ can be defined as a set of beliefs that one party holds about the other and how these beliefs are formed from their interactions.
IT-Business relationship
The first step to develop thought leadership is to harvest ______.
Ideas
What is not an obstacle to management of IT applications?
Integrated systems
The source of criminal interference can be:
Internal or external
Which of the following is not a source of internal risk?
Legal
General principles for guiding risk decisions are categorized in a Risk Management Framework as:
Policies and Standards
_____________ is the unarticulated set of working behaviors, attitudes, and expectations that serves as the glue which keeps teams of diverse individuals working together toward the same goal.
Professionalism
Management of the ________ portfolio focuses on future spending, attempting to balance IT cost-reduction efforts and investments to develop new capabilities with technology and application upgrades.
Project
With effective _______________, demands for IT resources are vetted in accordance with governance procedures that result in a justified list of IT investments that satisfy the needs of business leaders.
Project Portfolio Management
___________ are technologies that vendors are selling to create demand.
Push technologies
What is not a component of managing emerging technologies?
Rapid implementation across the organization
Organizations rationalize their IT application portfolio by tracking applications over time as they become less important to the business and/or lose technical currency. This is part of:
Reporting and Rationalization
In order to separate maintenance and support from new project development, IT managers must:
Separate operations from innovation
___________ is especially critical when working with AI because AI can detect unique and unanticipated patterns in data.
Testing and audit
Governance procedures reduce overall demand for IT resources, but more importantly they focus limited IT resources on the "right" systems.
True
IT plans and budgets need attention more frequently than once a year.
True
If a new technology doesn't attract a business sponsor, it should generally be shelved.
True
It is critical that people and organizations be able to trust what AI technology is able to do.
True
The API economy can be viewed as a set of business models and channels.
True
_________ provide access to a particular piece of computational logic.
Algorithm APIs
In a best practice scenario, who should own major risks?
A Committee
The first goal of managing disruption is to _________.
Stay relevant
The most visionary form of API value derives from opening up company data and services to a much broader and more open ecosystem of developers and organizations to enable them to create radically new products, services, and business models. This is an example of?
APIs for continuous platform innovation
The conflict between the need for truly integrated initiatives and traditional siloed budgets frequently causes budgeting problems. A proposed solution would be:
Adoption of enterprise funding models
The basic idea of a/an ____ is that the owner of one application creates a set of access methods that can be called by another application.
API
______________ manages the authorization and security between the calling and responding functions of APIs, as well as managing audit and information transformations.
API mediation
What enables an organization to work with stakeholders, both leadership and subject matter experts, to build a holistic view of the organization's strategy, processes, information, and information technology assets?
Enterprise architecture
Moving quickly from assessment to pilot to a decision about broader adoption is a good way to deal with what type of uncertainty?
Economic uncertainty
A key principle of any collaboration program is the recognition that we don't always know who will make the greatest contribution to a problem in advance. This is also known as:
Emergence
____________ is a more comprehensive and integrated approach to dealing with risk.
Enterprise Risk Management
Fiscal IT budgets (i.e., those prepared for the CFO) are broken down into two major categories:
capital expenditures, operating expenses
What is NOT part of the corporate context within which IT plans and budgets are created:
Establish IT governance
__________ shape services for a user interface (UI), such as for a mobile app.
Experience APIs
Hazards, such as disasters, pandemics, geopolitical upheavals, or environmental are examples of:
External risks
A total cost of ownership (TCO) initiative and an APM initiative must be kept separate.
False
APIs allow organizations access to data and chunks of external functionality only
False
Collaboration must occur within a firm's boundaries,
False
IT's traditional risk-taking approach to technology works well in disruptive environment.
False
Improving thought leadership in IT involves only accessing and utilizing people's ideas
False
In the context of business and IT, management of emerging technologies and thought leadership are essentially the same thing.
False
The IT-Business relationship is affected by a few people working at the same level in the organization.
False
Ambiguity about how the market will respond to an innovative new technology or application is called:
Market uncertainty
______ is a non-profit AI research company, which aims to carefully promote and develop friendly AI in order to benefit, rather than harm, humanity as a whole.
Open AI
Which stage in the API usage framework provides a branded platform and uses APIs to generate sales through both partners and third parties?
Open API market; broad API use
What is not a component of successful collaboration?
Payment
What are some roadblocks to achieving an ideal future state in the face of disruption?
People, Processes, Structures, and Technology
IT _______ are such a significant obstacle to change that some organizations may just give up the effort.
Processes
A ____________ is an authority in a specialized field whose expertise is sought and often rewarded.
Thought Leader
A key feature of collaboration and its associated technology is that it provides a company with access to a much broader range of skills, capabilities, resources, and services than have been traditionally available.
True
Often, it is difficult for an existing organization to catch up because of its embedded culture, processes, and systems that are designed for its current structure and activities.
True
Organizations must seek opportunities to communicate why APM initiatives are is underway, what results have been realized, and what the next stages to be accomplished are.
True
Thought leadership can be fostered both at an individual and a group level.
True
APIs have gained new attention in recent years because technology start-ups have used them to achieve faster time-to-market and create new functionality. What made this possible?
Startups don't have legacy systems
Ambiguity about the maturity, complexity, or interoperability of any new technology is also called:
Technological uncertainty
Business and IT have different expectations and accountabilities that may lead to lack of trust. This is an example of the __________ of the IT-business relationship
complexity
There is wide recognition that collaboration technology, used properly, can make _______ work more effective
group
Moving to new modes of ___________and ____________ is likely to have dramatic impacts on the structure and function of the IT organization of the future.
infrastructure; service delivery
To get an APM initiative underway, it is necessary to build a/an ____________.
Business case
In assessing emerging technologies, ______ refers to factoids, assertions, and beliefs about a technology that are not meaningful.
Noise
In _____________, discrete IT service offerings are associated with a price per unit.
Service Catalog
In assessing emerging technologies, __________ refers to indicators of value to a firm's core business.
Signal
______________ is the organizational mechanism for prioritizing and funding IT investments at the enterprise level.
Strategic initiative management
IT organizations' "do more with less," approach focuses on ____ side activities (e.g., virtualization, data center consolidation, benchmarking, contract renegotiation).
Supply
_______ is a tool that gives developers the ability to discover APIs and experiment with them
API portal
___________ approach includes the management of APIs over their lifecycle
API portfolio
What is not a characteristic of the IT-Business relationship?
Business expectations of IT remain constant
_________ stage in the API usage framework uses APIs to enable a limited number of partners to more broadly share data and functionality
Closed API market; broad API use
_________ stage in the API usage framework uses APIs to help organizations improve internally.
Closed API market; limited API use.
_________ is a human activity whereas collaboration technology is the hardware, software, and applications that enable the work of collaboration.
Collaborating
Organizations can build _______ by finding ways to develop business knowledge in all IT staff.
Competence
The process of allocating the cost of the services IT provides to others' budgets is called:
Cost allocation
Experiments and proofs of concept that explore how to make sense of new technologies and ways of working are similar to:
Creating learning options
People follow thought leaders because they believe in what they're selling because of their ______.
Credibility
______ is the belief that others can be counted on to do what they say they will do.
Credibility
_____________ involves embracing new and different technologies in ways that challenge operational and value assumptions and integrate them with existing technologies to deliver new products, services, business models, revenue streams and/or customer/stakeholder experiences.
Digital Transformation
What do IT risk incidents not do?
Enable profitability
Today, IT risk management is a low-key activity focused on delivering projects and keeping applications up and running.
False
The most important way to build trust in the IT-Business relationship is through effective __________ .
Governance
Focusing on what is important, expecting changes over time, and viewing risk from multiple levels and perspectives are part of:
Holistic Risk Management
Developing an improved information-processing capability, including accurate and visible information, manipulability, exchangeability, and ease of information transfer is a primary goal for all IT functions in supporting collaboration. This is part of:
Information and Management
Four major components are needed to build a strong business-IT relationship: competence, credibility,_________, and trust.
Interpersonal skills
____________ is where algorithms that improve automatically through experience are used for processing and decision-making.
Machine Learning
Collaboration of an organization with the world at large is also known as ________.
Mass collaboration
__________ includes a variety of technologies that facilitate conversational interfaces between humans and a machine.
Natural Language Processing
________________ aim to mimic brain connections.
Neural Networks
What is a source of organizational disruption?
New delivery methods
Which of the following is not a source of organizational disruption?
New structural changes
At what stage in the API usage framework do companies gain experience and confidence to become a modular producer of plug-and-play products or services.
Open API market; limited API use
Tools, technologies, and standards that enable people to share data and to work together seamlessly from a variety of locations form a _________.
Platform
What is not a component of thought leadership?
Providing market reports
____________ are technologies that business functions or application development request to meet their specific needs.
Pull technologies
______________ should serve as a high-level overview of how risk is to be managed in an enterprise and can also act as a structure for reporting on risk at various levels of detail.
Risk Management Framework
_________ is an ongoing process because levels and types of risks are changing continually.
Risk Monitoring
Establishing controls, practices, and tools for addressing each type of risk is also known as:
Risk mitigation
___________ is where machines do physical work, which can range from manufacturing, to supply delivery in a building, to complex laboratory processing such as blood tests.
Robotics
__________ is central to dealing with disruption and can spell the difference between planned change and survival.
Speed of response
What is NOT part of the IT processes (for budgeting):
Strategic IT budget
Spending on initiatives and technology designed to deliver new business value and achieve the enterprise's strategic objectives is known as:
Strategic investments
A thought leader often connects the dots between their idea and other people's ideas. This characteristic is also called _____________.
Synthesis
_____________ provide a means of communicating and interacting with legacy systems.
System APIs
One of the key reasons why organizations must not rely on external providers for thought leadership is that:
They are oblivious to the internal context of the organization
While it is supporting the business in dealing with disruptive forces, IT is also in the midst of being disrupted itself.
True
IT-Business relationship trust levels are low due to the lack of clarity around ____ and ____.
expectations ; accountabilities
Use of __________ teams creates opportunities to build relationships and stimulate ideas
multidisciplinary
IT managers plan their spending using two different categories:
operations costs, strategic investments
Another key principle of any collaboration program is designing a working environment where underexplored relationships between people data, and applications can become visible) This is called:
planned serendipity
Why has Artificial Intelligence suddenly gained attention of businesses despite its existence for several years?
powerful hardware is now accessible through cloud computing; new software, powerful algorithms, natural language processing have evolved to human levels; huge amounts of data that drive AI are now available