ISBB Chapter 5 - Networking and Communication

WAN

A Wide Area Network, telecommunications network or computer network that extends over a large geographical area.

Broadband

A high capacity transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies, which enables a large number of messages to be communicated simultaneously.

Intranet

A local or restricted communications network, especially a private network created using World Wide Web software.

Virtual Private Network

A method employing encryption to provide secure access to a remote computer over the Internet.

Switch

A network device that connects multiple devices together and filters packets based on their destination within the connected devices.

Bridge

A network device that connects two networks together and only allows packets through that are needed.

Hub

A simple network device that connects other devices to the network and sends packets to all the devices that connected.

Protocol

A specific set of communication rules used by computers.

Bluetooth

A standard for the short-range wireless interconnection of cellular phones, computers, and other electronic devices.

ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network):

An early packet switching network and the first network to implement the protocol suite TCP/IP. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. Originally developed by the US Department of Defense.

DNS

Domain Name System which acts as a directory on the Internet when a request to access a device with a domain name is given.

IPV4 and IPV6

Internet Protocol address standard used has been IPv4(version 4) which has the format of four numbers between 0 and 255 separated by a period. IPv6 (version 6) is formatted as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits.

Time BernersLee

Inventor of the World Wide Web by developing an easy way to navigate the Internet through the use of linked text (hypertext).

LAN

Local Area Network. A local network that connects computers and other devices in a relatively small area, typically a single building or a group of buildings.

World Wide Web

Simply one piece of the Internet made up of web servers that have HTML pages that are being viewed on devices with web browsers.

Domain Name Extension

The extension at the end of the domain name that indicates type of organization, such as .com, .org, .net, .edu...etc.

Packet

The fundamental unit of data transmitted over the internet. Each packet includes the sender's address, the destination address, a sequence number and piece of the overall message to be sent.

Web 2.0

The second stage of development of the World Wide Web, characterized especially by the change from static web pages to dynamic or user generated content and the growth of social media.

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. Defines how electronic devices (like computers) should be connected over the Internet, and how data should be transmitted between them.

Cloud Computing

The practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.

VoIP

Voice Over IP. A methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks.

Packet Switching

When a packet is passed from one router to another across the Internet until it reaches its destination.

Mobile Network

A cellular network or mobile network is a communications network where the last link is wireless. The network is distributed over land areas called cells, each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver, known as a cell site or base station.

Domain Name

A descriptive text followed by the top level domain that is human friendly name for a device on the internet. For example cpp.edu or coke.com.

Router

A device that receives and analyzes packets and then routes them towards their destination.

WIFI

A facility allowing computers, smartphones, or other devices to connect to the Internet or communicate with one another wirelessly within a particular area.

Web 3.0

A third phase in the evolution of the World Wide Web, based on the idea that the Internet 'understands' the pieces of information it stores and is able to make logical connections between them.

IP Address

A unique identifying number assigned to every device that communicates on the internet.

Internet

An electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world.

Extranet

An intranet that can be partially accessed by authorized outside users, enabling businesses to exchange information over the Internet securely.