ISS 310 Exam 2

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cholera

-1990s new outbreaks of cholera related to global warm -El Tor strain can stay dormant for long periods of time, makes people LESS sick, and sick LONGER -classic strain where people are MORE sick and die FAST

aims of Bodley

1. Analyze the specific effects of the participation of tribal peoples in the world-economic market 2.world-economic market=today's global economy incorporating the humans of the world into the international exchange of goods and services that is expressed in monetary

Changes in the film N!ai

1. Reservation life- sedentism, increased population density, decreased variety of food, regulations about hunting, schooling, increased fighting, alcohol use 2. Economic change- welfare economy, dependency, wage labor, inequality, larger more permanent homes, storage, decreased sharing, envy 3. military conscription- loss of members (men) to the military, brings in new forms of fighting and violence, culture of resolving problems through fighting, alcohol use, patronizing commanders 4. disease- increased population density leads to higher rates of infectious disease 5. Christianity and schooling-new values and opportunities come along with the ideas of inferiority, inequality and forced change

three major processes of change

1. forces at work within a society 2. contact between societies 3. change in the natural environment

Don't Panic

A documentary about human overpopulation. Family planning worker in Bangladesh; life expectancy increased from 50 years in 1972 to over 70; the number of children per woman declined from seven to less than 2.5 in 40 years & still falling. In 1963, the average number of babies born per woman in the world was 5... and today the average is 2.5. Rosling states that this number is representative worldwide, the reason why the total number of children globally is now at a stable level of 2 billion. There is a CULTURAL SHIFT AWAY FROM BIG FAMILIES and there is an actual SUCCESS in REDUCING FERTILITY RATE Rosling believes the population explosion has already been overcome, the human population will peak at eleven billion, and stabilize at this level by the end of the century

Seasons of a Navajo

A film about a study of a traditional family of the Navajo and their four seasons as they travel to each of their hogans—planting, sheepherding, harvesting, and weaving. Their lives were simple, Families rule and divide work; women work in the house, men work, children go to school and help parents. If they have good health, they can do many things and enjoy life together The film describes as a family that lives on the vast Navajo Reservation. They grew corn along the riverbank. They guided their sheep down sheer rock cliffs. They had quite a patience and a touching love for animals. They have a kinship, descent systems, gender and age roles, ecology, philosophy, religions domestic space, child life, and economics.

Cane Toad Invasion

A film about when the cane toads were introduced to Australia with the aim of controlling a sugar cane pest, the cane beetle, but they don't eat adult cane beetles (they do eat larvae- which live underground). The introduction was a fail because instead of controlling the cane beetle, the cane toad reproduced wildly and devastated native wildlife. 1930s

According to the film, "Kayapo Out of the Forest", women among the Kayapo: A) do not get involved in protesting the dam B) meet with government officials privately to protest C) play a militant role in protesting the dam D) are passive due to their low rank compared to men

keystone species

An organism that others may depend on for survival

ethnocentric

Bodley shows how "progress" and "quality of life" are _________

Coral reefs are essential for the survival of other organisms. They provide: A)Microhabitats B)Shelter C)Breeding grounds D) All of the above

biodiversity

Ecosystem diversity, species diversity, genetic diversity all intertwine to create ______.

N!ai: The Life of a !Kung

Film about the Ju/'hoan society through the eyes of a young girl named N!ai who felt resistance to her marriage at the age of eight, her changing feelings about her husband when he became a healer, the division of giraffe meat, the kinds of rain, and the overall change of the Ju/'hoan through the past thirty years. Filmed from 1951-1978.

In the film "Seasons of a Navajo" for most of the time only the grandparents live full time in their seasonal homes while their children and grandchildren lived: A) in the nearby town B) on the top of the mesa (large isolated flat topped rocky hill) C) in the canyon where they planted corn and made clothing and rugs out of the wool D) on a different reservation because they were in a different clan

Nuer

PASTORALISM: -Most prized possession is cattle- symbolizes status -boys given ox name, girls named after first cow they milked -cattle used as "bribe wealth" -social + ritual uses of cattle -"herder outlook"

type two diabetes

Pima Indians are subject to _____________ due to their socioeconomic status and lack of water and healthy eating options.

Bad Sugar

Pima Indians have a 38% susceptibility to Type II Diabetes. Pima Indians are somehow able to store more fat and for longer periods of time than other races. since there is more access to food and the famine is now over, Pima Indians are storing more fat because now they have access to food which leads to obesity and diabetes. Pima Indians live under the poverty line which contributes to diabetes. Politics and disease are shown to go hand-in-hand in this film. Higher socioeconomic status contributes to better health. Pima Indians were deprived of water for centuries which made them suffer more because without water it is difficult to maintain health.

Navajo

TRIBE: -second-largest Indian tribe in the US -language: Dine -started as foragers -pastoral nomads -elected government -natural resources -health problems, unemployment, effects of past uranium mining incidents SYMBOLS: -sheepherding symbolizes family identity and well being -corn pollen symbolizes fertility -sweathouse is the place of creation of the natural world -girl going through puberty ritual symbolizes beauty and health RESERVATION: -size of Virginia -NE Arizona, New Mexico, Utah -3-4% of the population are non-Navajo

Kayapo: Out of the Forest

The Kayapo people struggle to protect their land in the Amazon rainforest from the Brazilian government and Electronorte who want to build a dam on the Xingu River. Showcases Payakan, a chief, who utilizes modern transportation and video recordings to organize an Indian resistance to the project. The political resistance built on traditional values and the media coverage led to the cancellation of an international bank loan to fund the dam and the Brazilian government's reevaluation in the late 1980s.

John Bodley

The price of progress Progress is detrimental to cultures, society, ecosystem, political sovereignty progress is ethnocentric

herbivores

The tapir and agouti are ______ found in the Amazon Rainforest.

beauty, health, fertility

To the Navajo, a girl going through her puberty ritual symbolizes blessings for her _____________, _____________, and ___________

fertility

To the Navajo, corn pollen symbolizes _________

identity, wellbeing

To the Navajo, sheepherding symbolizes family ____________ and ___________

natural world

To the Navajo, the sweat house symbolizes the place of creation of the _________________

What may cause a species to become less genetically diverse? A)Isolation from members of its species B)Low population numbers C)Both A and B D)None of the above

Which of the following best explains how having four seasons shapes Navajo life in the film "Seasons of a Navajo"? A) they lived in one place during the planting season and another place during the sheep shearing season B) they had three seasonal homes in order to plant and harvest corn and also care for their sheep C) they lived in the city during winter and in the canyons in the warmer weather D) their main home was on the top of the mesa (large isolated flat topped rocky hill) and they traveled seasonally to take care of their cattle

Which of the following is the subsistence strategy of the Navajo in the film "Seasons of a Navajo"? A) horticulturalism of corn with some domesticated horses B) corn farming C) sheep herding D) both farming corn and sheep herding

Why do anthropologists argue that hunter-gatherers are not remnants of our human past? A) they never change, so they are like museum objects B) they live the same way today as they did 10,000 years ago C) they have same length of history as we do, which means they change just as we do D) they are from the Ice Age but still live today

sheep herding

____________ represents family identity and well-being to the Navajo

corn pollen

____________ represents fertility to the navajo

Brazilian

________________ Miracle The 1970s- New government, needed rebuilding The US would pump money into top sectors of society and it will trickle down Didn't happen because of growth factors.

German

_________________ Miracle (fill in the blank) Ecologically devastated by WW11 The US became a world power for the first time in history-lots of money. The US enforced projects to rebuild _______ and Japan Pump money into the top sectors of the German economy- it will trickle down

subsistence strategies

__________________________ include horticulture, agriculture, industrialization, foraging, and pastoralism

optimum foraging strategy

a pattern of foraging that leaves enough in a foraged area for the land to recover in a reasonable amount of time.

agents of change

a person, group, or organization or force that promotes, enforces, or enables change.

Horticulture

a subsistence strategy in which people cultivate varieties of wild or domesticated crops, primarily for their own use, using relatively little technology

agency

ability to act independently and get what one wants or needs despite opposition

characteristics of Ju/'hoan

band society, exogamous, egalitarian semi-nomadic low population density infectious disease does not spread gathering and hunting

intentional, backward, gradual, obvious

change can be ___________ or accidental, forward or _________ looking, rapid or _________, __________ or nearly invisible

paeleolithic past

foragers are not remnants of our _____________________.

food production

foraging economies still survive because their environment is not suitable for __________________.

food production

foraging economies still survive because their environment is not suitable for ___________________.

egalitarian

little difference in wealth, few material goods, decision making by consensus

exogamous

marry outside your group

semi-nomadic

move part of year, stay in one place part of year, no accumulation of possessions

diseases of development

pathologies that result from development schemes

structure

patterned arrangements of institutional relationships between humans that enable or limit behavior and possibilities

band society

social and political organization is simple, no inherited authority

hunting and gathering societies

societies whose mode of subsistence is gained from hunting animals, fishing, and gathering edible plants

manioc

staple food of the amazon

subsistence strategies are ______ than how we get our food or make a living

environment

subsistence strategies are how we interact with and think about our __________________.

Ju/hoansi

the Ju/'hoan form a band society which is one where there is no inherited authority and social/political organization is simple they are exogamous which means they marry outside of their group They practice egalitarianism which means there is little difference in wealth, there are few material goods, and decisions are made by consensus They are semi-nomadic which means they move for part of the year and there is no accumulation of possessions There is a small population so infectious disease does not spread they practice hunting and gathering but also trade with herders and farmers

sweathouse

the _______________ was the place of the creation of the natural world to the navajo

Bodley's argument

the benefits of progress often do not benefit tribal people, and harm them when they lose control over their resources and the power to define their lives and their relationship to the global market

pastoralism

the domestication of animals CONS: -more work + more instability (dependent on animals) -need knowledge about herds & their movement -causes gender inequality PROS -not influenced by seasonal fluctuations because you can make milk year around -Cattle (sheep, goats): can be easily controlled & have multi-chambered stomachs that can digest woody substances

Altamira

the proposed site of a massive hydro-electric dam near the Amazon that would flood large parts of the Xingu Valley

Neolithic Revolution

the transition to agriculture

Biodiversity

the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

subsistence strategies

they shape our "rhythm of life"

Amazonian horticulturalists, Kayapo

tradition of militancy- use of confrontational/violence to protest

Hans Rosling