ISU Animal Science 101 Exam 1

Which of these situations in a facility might be a possible distractions that will cause an animal to balk (resist, fight, or flee) while working with them?

All of the above

Take a moment and consider Ralph who lives in a suburb of a large metro area. He only buys milk from local dairies. He cannot imagine that dairy cattle living in confinement and being milked three times per day would be happy. The cost of obtaining his milk from local sources and raised is much higher than for milk from larger corporate sources, but he is concerned that large-scale production is not humane. Ralph is not alone; there is a trend of increasing demand for the same kind of milk has been increasing in the US in recent years. Why might this US trend in anthropomorphic societal views of livestock (like for example Ralph's view of dairy cattle and dairy production) be occurring compared to developing countries of the world (best answer)?

All of the choices offered here are a correct reflection of Ralph's perspective, and of the concepts we discussed in class. Our fellow US citizens are more affluent and as such have more time, health, and resources to consider our human/animal connection. Groups interested in an anthropomorphic view of preferred animal care practices have invested much resources into promoting these perspectives to fellow US citizens Over time, our fellow US citizens have much less direct connection to and understanding of the ways in which food is produced- especially animal derived foods

As with most animal ag product production, fish production (aquaculture) originated in the US and the US is a major supplier of food fish products worldwide.

False

T or F? Anthropomorphism refers to the care that we provide our domestic animals?

False

The most effective search and rescue dog is a highly trained and disciplined dog that requires precise commands to find the victim

False

The typical domestic dog of today does not in essence differ in skeletal structure and athletic ability from the protodog discussed in our study.

False

True or false? By our definition, a species of animal can be considered domesticated because the species has been tamed and its basic care is provided by caring humans.

False

True or false? The mutually dependent relationship we have with domesticated animals is called a Neolithic relationship.

False

We provide a great deal of care to the animals at the Blank Park Zoo in Des Moines, Iowa. Their health and well being is of paramount concern. This defines true nature of out symbiotic relationship with domesticated animals. T or F

False

Products of aquaculture had been increasing in demand in the US

True

Sheep and hogs, when handled often tend to become "desensitized" to the activity, and their flight response to this interaction is diminished. This behavior is called habituation

True

Soybeans were classified as a concentrate in class and they are used for primarily protein in the diet of animals. True or False?

True

T or F? A roughage is generally harder to digest, has lower energy concentration than a feed categorized as a concentrate. Roughages are more likely to fed to ruminants than monogastics.

True

Tame animals can be from a domesticated species, but the fact that they are tame does not define the species as domesticated.

True

The Neolithic Revolution was pivotal in our evolving relationship with animals because humans employed domestication.

True

There are so many feeds that, if not for being fed to livestock, might got to waste. Feeds like crop aftermath, but also the leftovers form human food production.

True

The video we studied in class defined animal agriculture as the "conscious production of food derived from animals". By our discussion in class, how accurate is this definition? Choose the single best answer.

Video author's definition falls short by not considering that animals produce more than just food to meet human needs. For example, we don't eat dogs typically, but by our definition dogs are agriculture too.

During US colonial times, a wall was built in New York to prevent livestock (mostly pigs, actually) from entering the boroughs (housing areas). What is the name of the street where this wall was built? Respond with a one-word answer (no spaces in your response), and since it is a proper name, be sure to capitalize your response and spell it correctly. Note that a misspelled response will not be counted as correct because these questions are automatically graded.

Wall Street

Domestic animals were described in class as "an expression of our humanity". Why is this the case? Choose the single best answer.

We have altered them genetically to be an outward expression of our human interests and who we are as humans.

Why is our relationship with dairy cattle considered a symbiotic relationship?

We have genetically altered the cow to produce a lot of milk, and in doing so we have (perhaps inadvertently) selected against their ability to survive fully on their own. Therefor, we provide for their basic needs and their in turn provide to meet ours.

Animal welfare is really the same concept as anthropomorphism as we discussed in class.

False

Natural selection, later artificial selection changed behavior bright with it a change in appearance

True

What is the category of feed called that usually is included in small quantity in a ration in order to balance the ration for say minerals and vitamins, or perhaps to improve the rations palatability?

Additive

A 150 lbs ewe requires 3% of her body weight in feed (dry matter basis) each day. How much does she require today? (150 x .03)

4.5 lbs

In lab we provided a large number of feeds that not only needed to be identified by name, but also by whether they were concentrates, roughages or additives. Distinguish the following feeds by these categories by choosing the correct answer from the drop down menu associated with each feed. a. Corn grain is a/an b. Corn silage is a/an c. Corn gluten feed is a/an d. Salt is a/an e. Milo (sorghum) is a/an f. Corn stover is a/an

A) concentrate B) roughage C) concentrate D) additive E) concentrate F) roughage

Shadows, bright lights, dark corners will cause animals to:

Balk

According to our video presentation today, who first promoted agriculture coursework in US colleges?

Benjamin Franklin

Marcow Flyrubio is a faculty member at BSU (Bovine State University). When Marcow goes out in the pasture, the cattle keep their distance from him, and will run if he moves toward them. He explains that they are exhibiting an innate response. However, BSU student Bernard Sandpile argues the cattle are just simply not habituated to the presence or Marcow. Who is correct and why?

Both Marcow and Bernard are correct. Animals that are not habituated to a threat will not exhibit a flight response. This is an innate behavior.

Today you looked at several example rations that can be fed to different kinds of domestic animals. Which one of these animals would require a less concentrated ration that the others listed?

Brood cow (an older female beef cow)

Regarding the major categories of comparison we studied in class today, which category is referenced by observations that show an animal is "boulder sprung", "deeper ribbed", and "wider chested" than another?

Capacity

What is the technical (scientific) adjective used to denote things of goats?

Caprine

Note the photos here from two different carcasses (called carcass A and carcass B). Based on the discussion in class concerning factors that measured to determine the USDA Yield Grade, which one then would receive a superior grade and therefore is expected to yield greater cutability?

Carcass A

The maximum number of fish that a pond can sustain and produce in an aquaculture operation is called that pond's _______.

Carrying capacity

There are two main feeds presented today that are derived from the waste products from two other industries - namely the ethanol and corn sweetener industries. What are they?

Corn gluten feed Distillers grain

In lab, we worked with the idea that mostly any diet can be fed to any class of animal, but that certainly there are some diets more effectively used for a particular class of animal than for another. This depends upon if the animal is monogastric or a ruminant, and on the performance expected.

Corn stover, low quality alfalfa hay: a Hampshire ewe that is in the middle 1/3 of her 5 moth gestation period Ground corn, soy beans, and supplemented amino acids and minerals: a gestating Yorkshire sow High quality corn silage, cottonseed, cracked corn, sodium bicarbonate: Holstein dairy cow producing above the average amount of milk per day Meat meal, animal byproducts, and supplementation of taurine: one-year old Siamese cat Freeze dried milk whey, reconstituted with water: one week old Holstein dairy calf

In lab we separated feeds into type categories: additives, concentrates, roughages. What distinguishes roughages from concentrates?

Digestibility primarily from fiber content (meaning the cellulose and lignin content of the feed) is one major factor that distinguishes roughages from concentrates. Considering the source of the feedstuff in question, roughages are mostly or usually from plant body, and concentrates are mostly or usually from seed grains or product of derivatives of seed grain sources.

Concentrate feeds that are the co products from ethanol or from corn sweetener production are recently important in livestock diets.

Distiller's grain and corn gluten feed

Name the common co-product derived from corn grain used in the production of ethanol

Distillers grain

In class, we speak strongly about the symbiotic relationship critical to the existence of both domestic animals and humans. Our film suggests that humans, in their quest for "different", might have failed in this symbiotic responsibility. According to our presentations, what evidence exists for this failure? Choose all that apply.

Dogs such as the Shar Pei that have skin and eye lid diseases because of the look for which we have purposefully selected. The change in the Bull Dog from an athlete to a wide, short bodied non-athletic dog of today. Extreme agressive behaviors and vocalization associated with Terrier lines, bred first for hunting and rodent control, but now confined to small urban settings.

What was the better and poorest ID method to use for our sheep producer Mr. Baiden today?

Ear tag, paint brand

Freshness of an egg determines in part its USDA grade. Freshness is determined by 'candling' the egg (shining light through the shell to examine internal contents). An egg which is more fresh would ahve a smaller air cell in the large/fat end of the egg. Which of the three eggs pictured is most fresh and therefore should receive a superior USDA Grade? Choose the single best response from those listed.

Egg A

Chopped, wet forages (like corn plants or alfalfa) are preserved by a processing method were oxygen is excluded from the feed and microbial fermentation occurs. What is the processing method called?

Ensiling

What is the processing method usually called that preserves wet green-cut feeds like corn or alfalfa by excluding oxygen, and allowing anaerobic fermentation to occur?

Ensiling

Reproduction and sexual behavior of domestic animals

Estrus: Period during the estrous cycle of female mammals (except higher primates) during which they are ready to accept a male to mate Heat detection: the process of determining when an animal is in estrus Parturition: The process of delivering an offspring Brooding: The avian behavior of setting a clutch of eggs and caring for the chicks immediately following hatching Heat: Analogous to estrus (not estrus) Estrous cycle: Adjective used to denote the reproductive cycle spanning into heat

The discipline of behavior, in our case animal behavior, is called what (one word answer)?

Ethology

The study/discipline of animal behavior is otherwise termed ____?

Ethology

From lab this week, the biggest distinction of western tack is that . . . .

Fenders exist to protect the legs A latigo was used to secure the tack The saddle had a cantle and a horn

In this diagram, three concepts of understanding low stress animal handling are depicted. In order (A, B, C), what are these concepts?

Flight zone, blind spot, flight distance

One very fascinating experiment on foxes in the former Soviet Union supports this theory and also demonstrates surprisingly how fast the characteristics of the domestic dog might have developed. What was the essential nature of this experiment?

Foxes were selected for tractable (friendly, less aggressive) behavior Foxes with more friendly behaviors were allowed to intermate, and this created a situation of artificial selection fro behavior traits in this population. Physical traits like ear shape, color and others seem to be genetically correlated with the preferred behaviors

In this diagram, if our cowboy wants to move his cattle through the working chutes with as little stress to animal and himself as possible, then what order of movements should he follow? Choose the single best response.

From A to B to C to A again

Name the breed of dog that is pictured (remember that they only breeds you are held to in this class are on the study sheet in this module). Note that this breed is a member of the herding group of the AKC. It is noted by the AKC to be a breed that is "is a large, agile, muscular dog of noble character and high intelligence. " This is a fill-in-the-blank question. This one requires a two-word answer, spelled correctly to count ( sorry - but if not spelled correctly, then it isn't correctly identified as a breed). Proper breed names need to be capitalized as well.

German Shepherd

Which of the following behavior/response categories discussed in class is/are innate?

Gregariousness, agnostic, eliminating, shelter-seeking

The researcher who interviewed citizens in a community in Mexico demonstrated the human tendency that drives the creation of dog diversity in the world. What is that preferential tendency which he demonstrates with his "street experiment"? Choose the best response.

Humans prefer unique and different, so tend to select dogs for uniqueness

Why would a dairy producer place a bright colored plastic leg band on a dairy cow?

It is easily noticed and read in the milking parlor (cows stand with udders at eye level)

Compare the two persons described here. Which of them is more anthropomorphic in the approach to his/her chickens?

Jim imagines that he would not like living in a cage if he were a chicken. Jim allows his Leghorn hens (named Henrietta and Gertrude) to roam the yard ad-libitum (freely or as she wishes). He provides balanced ration that he buys from the local feed store, and provides table scraps on occasion to make the diet mire interesting for the hens. He also east their eggs.

Take careful note of how we defined 'domestication' in our class discussions, and how we defined the concept in the official ANS 101 way. Which of the following situations best characterizes what we mean by the term domestication? (Choose single best answer)

Julie has a Fallow deer farm. She carefully selects and breeds together bucks and does that display the most tractable behavior and for fast growth and carcass quality. She breeds these selected bucks and does to produce next year's crop of fawns.

On our worksheet, we indicated that there are sometimes terms that are often species specific. For this question, match up the terms with the species to which they correspond. It is true that sometimes the terms can apply to more than one species, so work towards the best overall matches.

Leg = sheep Quarter (round) = cattle Breast = sheep Rack = sheep Rib = cattle Belly = swine Jowl = swine Ham = swine

In class we spoke of agriculture as the production of biological products to meet human need. What amazing "products" do domestic dogs provide beyond the usual understanding of companionship and transportation? Choose all that apply (as presented in our study

Livestock herding cancer detection hunting ability and all the others

The body part along the top line of the animal that falls between the last rib and the hip bone is almost always called the same name in all of our domestic species. We often use it in the discussion of muscle differences both on live animals and their carcasses too. What is the name of this body part?

Loin

Why do we process feeds for animal usage?

Makes the feed more digestible, easier to handle and store, and allows for a balanced diet to be consumed with every bite

What was the major factor that distinguished the flavor, look and odor of the samples of cow's milk in lab? Choose the best single answer.

Milk fat %

Regarding the major categories of comparison in class today, which category referenced by observations that show an animal is "thicker legged", "wider over the rack", and "thicker in the loin" that another?

Muscling

Using the resources referenced in lecture, found in the class folder, or others you may have access to, look up the abnormal behavior cribbing. This is an example of an abnormal behavior because...

None of the options listed are correct

Name the method of identification which is very permanent, not invasive, yet provides a unique identification of each animal via an image of blood vessels. (two word answer required)

Retinal Scan

The area that is circled and labeled "A" in this photo is called what? Enter the correct answer in the following space, being sure to spell the word(s) correctly and without capitalization.

Rib eye area

What is the name of the breed of dog, bred and used by the Bedouin for the purpose of hunting rabbits (hint - also the mascot of an Illinois university)? A one-word answer is required, spelled correctly and capitalized too (as all proper breed names should be :-) ).

Saluki

4. As per discussion in lab, what animal-derived product initially brought England and Spain to the economic power they are today? Respond with a single word answer, and be sure to spell the answer correctly. An incorrect spelling will result in an incorrect response. For this question, do not capitalize the response.

Sheep; wool

In lab we learned to distinguish retail cuts according to what wholesale region of the carcass they came, as well as from which species. From what regions of the carcass did the following cuts come (in order A, B, C)? Select the single best answer from the choices offered.

Shoulder, ham, loin

There are 7 "groups" of dogs recognized by the AKC (American Kennel Club). See their website for more details as well. Which of those groups is defined in the following way? "Active. Alert. Remarkable instincts in water and woods, Actively participate in hunting and other field activities. Require regular vigorous exercise." This requires a one-word response, spelled correctly. Does not need to be capitalized.

Sporting

The body of the corn plant (the dried brown stalk portion of the corn plant along with the husks from the ears) which left over in the fields after corn is harvested in the fall is sometimes called "crop aftermath". It may be formed into bales after corn harvest. What is this feed called? So this is fill-in-the blank question. The answer is corn __________. You fill in the blank. Hint: Though very commony used, don't use "stalks" - this actually refers to the green plant harvested like hay - not what we are talking about here. Use a one word answer, the one used in our lab and on our worksheet. Must be spelled correctly to count.

Stover

There were two common methods of injection application practices in lab. What were they?

Subcutaneous and Intramuscular

Beef cattle producers commonly use both tag (ear tag) and tattoo the ears of their cattle. Why is that?

Tattoos are considered permanent and so the identity of the calf is not likely to be lost The tag is considered more temporary than a tattoo, so if the tag is lost, the calf's identity is still maintained with the tattoo Ear tags are easily read from a short distance, and so it provides information about the calf without having to catch it

Consider the interests that the Victorians had in dog breeding. It is not too different than the interest of some who breed dogs today. Also consider that Dr. Willham (from our first lab) wrote that "domestic animals are a painting by humans on the canvas of DNA." How then is it that the the creation of the modern domestic dog might be considered a contribution to (or at least a reflection of) our humanities? Choose all that apply.

The domestic dog, developed especiall since the Victorian Era, is an expression of human interests, much like other forms of artwork would be. Time and wealth ( of which apparently the Victorians had) afforded them the ability to breed dogs to meet their "fancy". Domestication is a dynamic change in genotype of the dog, and the changes seen in dogs since the Victorian era are a reflection of this continual dynamic change.

Based on the stations of work outlined on the worksheet for this module, which of the following seems to be a way in which beef breeds are distinguished?

The expression of muscle, ear shape, body shape, body color

Dr. Willham said "The symbiotic bond between animal and man has contributed to the very warp and woof of civilization." To what is he referencing when he chose the words warp and woof?

The interlocking strands of yarn in a weaved fabric and The interlocked relationship that humans have with domestic animals which maintains the integrity of human civilization.

Why are microchips not used on meat animals?

The microchips must be retrieved at harvest before they enter our food supply.

As per our "lab" materials for this module, what is going on with the sheep in this photo?

The sheep is restrained properly to allow the manager to begin shearing the sheep, trimming its feet, or inspecting for health status of the udder.

Dr. Morris spoke of two sources of aquaculture products used to meet human needs. He specifically used cod as an example. Using this example, which of the following conclusions did Dr. Morris make?

The sources of aquaculture products that are sourced from capture (wild sources) are not sustainable, though we have to this point we have harvested them as if they were

USDA Inspection (for wholesomeness) and USDA Quality and Yield Grading of carcasses are required by federal law. Which of the choices offered correctly interpret this statement?

The statement is not correct because only inspection is required, not quality and yield grading.

Much of the variation we see today in breeds and types of dogs was created from the Victorian era to today; not a very long time frame as a genetic change goes

True

From lab, we stated that our relationship with animals forms "the warp and woof of human civilization." Why is this statement valid?

The strands of yarn which are weaved together are analogous to the close-knit dependency we have on animal usage, enabling time and health for human civilization to be developed.

Why identify and describe our domestic animals?

To communicate with others about health evaluations of individual animals or groups of animals To record individual performance data for genetic and performance (phenotypic) comparisons To communicate with others about animals preferred in breeding program

Why do we process feeds?

To improve storage and shelf life To handle the feed more easily To enhance digestibility and palatability for the animal To improve the marketability (consumer appeal) of the animal feed being sold

What is the purpose of creating and using the USDA Grading System for animal derived products? Choose any or all that may apply.

To sort products into uniform groupings that facilitate a particular market or consumer need. To facilitate communication between buyer and seller of animal derived products. This is especially important when in-person examination of the products prior to sale is not feasible. To allow for differential pricing of products that vary in characteristics of value to the customer.

Of the disciplines of search and rescue dogs discussed by our guest speaker, which one works "heads up" following a fresh scent and requires a scent article because it relies on scent discrimination

Trailing

A conditioned response is defined by which of the following terms?

Trained

A method of identification that is both permanent and easy to read at a distance for a cattle producer is a brand.

True

According to our video study of dogs, the Bulldog is now more viable, healthy, and athletic because of the selective breeding that has occurred since the Victorian era

True

Agriculture as we see it in this class includes the production if all biologically-derived products to meet human need. Therefor, training search and rescue dogs is an agricultural pursuit.

True

Based on class discussions, our evolved relationship with animals since ancient tines led to more time and health for humans. This allowed some humans to engage in the development if what we might define in modern times as the humanities.

True

Based on how we defined trained behaviors in AnS 101, the three step behavior of a search dog is a conditioned behavior

True

Feed efficiency of fish is much better than traditional farm livestock.

True

High quality roughages are more digestible and have higher % protein content than poor quality ones

True

In AnS 101, Agriculture is defined as the conscious production of all biological products to meet human needs. Of course, products derived from animals fit within this definition, whether they be for foos or for other needs.

True

In this diagram, the part labeled with the letters A,B,O are called the stop, occiput, and the flew

True

It is clear that the domestic dogs of today show a great deal of variation in their ability to vocalize, and that sounds made from those vocalizations (aka. . . .barking, etc.). Is it true that humans created that variation due to selective breeding?

True

Microchipping will not work well in a dairy operation, just like for other meat producers. Eventually the animal is harvested for meat, and it might be hard or impossible to find the microchip before it ends up in someone's dinner!

True

Based on the content of the presentations, how did it come to be that the Asiatic wolf became associated with humans, and thus initiated their domestication?

Wolves approached humans on the edge of settlements, seeking and finding food from the scraps of humans Those with smaller slight distance were in a favorable position to benefit from human settlement Wolves who existed closer to human settlements ate better, lived better, and so were more likely to propagate offspring with smaller flight zones.

What animal derived product was responsible for the economic development of England and Spain?

Wool

The area in which an animal feels threatened when something unfamiliar enters is called that animals flight ____?

Zone