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TCP Flags (6 bits)

(In order) - Urgent (URG) - Acknowledgement (ACK) - Push (PSH) - Reset (RST) - Synchronize (SYN) - Finish (FIN) (Also two added bits at most significant position of the flags byte that is used for ECN - Explicit Congestion Notification)

What benefits does the Domain Name System (DNS) provide? Check all that apply.

1. EASE of address memorization2 easy mapping to a new IP address

registered ports

1024-49151 -used by organizations to register specific applications such as IM applications

port

16 bit

A company with a large number of hosts creates three subdomains under a main domain. For easier management of the host records, how many zones should be used?

4

private or ephemeral ports

49152-65535 can't be registered with the IANA and are generally used for establishing outbound connections.

MAC address

A 48-bit number (typically represented in hexadecimal format) that is supposed to be globally unique 6 bytes long

CNAME record

A Canonical Name record within DNS, used to provide an alias for a domain name.

MAC address

A Media Access Control address is a hardware address that uniquely identifies each node on a network.

PTR Record

A _______ record is responsible for resolving an IP to a domain name.

Ethernet frame

A data packet that has been encoded on the Data Link layer for transmission from one node to another on an Ethernet network.

ARP table

A database of records that maps MAC addresses to IP addresses. The ARP table is stored on a computer's hard disk where it is used by the ARP utility to supply the MAC addresses of network nodes, given their IP addresses.

Multiplexing

A form of transmission that allows multiple signals to travel simultaneously over one medium.

Octet

A number that can be represented by 8 bits.

IP address

A number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet.

Demultiplexing

A process that converts the multiplexed signals to independent signals.

anycast

A technique that's used to route traffic to different destinations, depending on factors like location, congestion, or link health, is known as _____.

IP Address Classes

A: 1-126, address space of 2^24 or 16,777,216 addresses; B: 128-191, 65,536 networks providing 65,536 addresses each; C: 192-223, 16,777,216 networks each providing 254 addresses; D: 224:239 uses for group messaging.

3-Way Handshake (TCP)

A: SYN B: SYN ACK A: ACK

ARP

Address Resolution Protocol

CSMA/CD

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection

CIDR

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

The final step of the DHCP Discovery process is known as ______.

DHCPACK

Port 53

DNS TCP/UDP

Fragentation

Fragmentation is the process of taking a single IP datagram and splitting it up into several smaller datagrams.

unicast address

Generally, any address in networking that represents a single device or interface, instead of a group of addresses (as would be represented by a multicast or broadcast address).

Port 80

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

A company moves a popular website to a new web host. Which of the following will change as a result?

IP address

IANA

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

system ports aka well known ports

Ports 1-1023 These ports represent the official ports for most well-known network services.

QoS

Quality of Service: Attempts to prioritize streaming media (VOIP, video playback, etc.)

Which allocation method can be used with a Dynamic Host Configuration (DHCP) server to assign the same address to the same machine if possible?

Static allocation

IP datagram

The IP portion of a TCP/IP frame that acts as an envelope for data, holding information necessary for routers to transfer data between subnets.

Network Layer

The OSI layer that addresses data packets, routes the packets from a source to a destination through the network, and ensures the delivery of those packets.

socket address

The combination of a communicating IP address and Port number 10.1.1.100:80

OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier)

The first three bytes of a MAC address that uniquely identify a network device manufacturer.

Transport Layer

The fourth layer of the OSI model. In this layer protocols ensure that data are transferred from point A to point B reliably and without errors. this layer services include flow control, acknowledgment, error correction, segmentation, reassembly, and sequencing.

Physical Layer

The lowest, or first, layer of the OSI model. Protocols in this layer generate and detect signals so as to transmit and receive data over a network medium. These protocols also set the data transmission rate and monitor data error rates, but do not provide error correction.

Data Link Layer

The second layer in the OSI model. This layer bridges the networking media with the Network layer. Its primary function is to divide the data it receives from the Network layer into frames that can then be transmitted by the Physical layer.

Application Layer

The seventh layer of the OSI model. Application layer protocols enable software programs to negotiate formatting, procedural, security, synchronization, and other requirements with the network.

Network Layer

The third layer in the OSI model. Protocols in this layer translate network addresses into their physical counterparts and decide how to route data from the sender to the receiver.

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol - provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and usually seen as TCP/IP in writing.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

User Datagram Protocol. Used instead of TCP when guaranteed delivery of each packet is not necessary. UDP uses a best-effort delivery mechanism.

VPN stands for _______

Virtual Private Network

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

Which technology uses a tunneling protocol?

Ethernet

a system for connecting a number of computer systems to form a local area network, with protocols to control the passing of information and to avoid simultaneous transmission by two or more systems.

data packet

an all-encompassing term that represents any single set of binary data being sent across a network link.

The Dynamic Configuration Host Protocol (DHCP) operates at which Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model layer?

application

TCP/IP layers

application, transport, internet, data link, physical network

A record

is used to point to a certain Domain Name

Port 0

isn't in use for network traffic, but it's sometimes used in communications taking place between different programs on the same computer.

Network Address Translation (NAT) is typically implemented with which hardware devices? Check all that apply

routers, firewalls

A video conferencing application isn't working due to a Domain Name System (DNS) port error. Which record requires modification to fix the issue?

service record is used to set parameters, like the protocol and ports used for a service with a domain name

Subnets divide an IP network address into multiple network addresses

subnet