ITE Chapter 12 Review

NFC (Near Field Communication)

A form of radio communication that transfers data wirelessly over very short distances (usually 10 cm or less) used for contactless mobile payments

Locator Application

A mobile app used to locate a device through GPS. Devices usually need to be configured to be accessible remotely. For Android devices, the website for locating a device is http://google.com/android/devicemanager. For iOS devices, the website for locating a device is http://icloud.com/#find. For Android devices, devices are linked to one's Gmail account. For iOS devices, devices are linked to one's Apple ID.

Remote Lock

A security feature that enables an administrator to remotely lock a mobile device in the event of its loss or theft, in order to prevent unauthorized access to the device. On Android its called Lock and on iOS its called Lost Mode.

Failed Login Restrictions

After a certain number of failed login attempts the mobile operating system will either lockout or wipe all data from the device

Wi-Fi calling

Mobile device feature that enables users to make voice calls over a Wi-Fi network, rather than a cellular network.

Remote Wipe

Remotely erases all contacts, email, photos, and other data from a device to protect your privacy when a device is lost or stolen. On Android its called Erase, and on iOS its called Erase Phone.

macOS

a closed source operating system on Apple Macintosh computers based on the Berkley Standard Distribution (BSD) version of Unix

location services

a feature on most mobile devices that allows the operating system and apps to track the device's GPS coordinates to provide better, more personalized, results

terminal emulator

a graphical user interface program that provides access to the shell inside a window

GPS (global positioning system)

a navigation system that determines the time and geographical location of the device by using messages from satellites in space and a receiver on Earth

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

a private network that uses a public network (usually the internet) to connect remote sites or users together

Virtual Assistant

a program that can understand natural conversational language and perform tasks for the end user; Google, Alexa, Siri, and Cortana are examples

shell

a program that interprets commands from the keyboard and passes them to the kernel (or core programming processes) of the operating system

Unix

a proprietary operating system written in the C programming language; the Berkley Standard Distribution (BSD) version of Unix is the basis of the macOS and iOS operating systems

Remote Backup

a service which allows the device to back it's contents up to the cloud (i.e. iCloud, Google Drive, OneDrive)

notification area

an area at the top of the screen on an Android device that contains system icons (clock, battery status. and Wi-Fi signal status) and status icons to communicate app activity that may be touched to respond or swiped to dismiss

Control Center

an iOS feature, accessed by swiping up from the bottom (or down from the top right corner on modern iPhones) that provides quick access to common settings such as screen brightness, audio volume, and toggles for airplane mode, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular, do not disturb, screen rotation lock, flash light, and other features

Spotlight

an iOS feature, activated by touching the middle of the home screen and swiping down, that allows you to search for apps, files, as well as search the internet using the default search provider

Screen Brightness

function of both Android and iOS used to raise or lower the brightness of the screen; may be set to auto-adjust where it uses light sensors to detect the amount of surrounding light

sideloading

installing an app on an Android device using a .apk file downloaded directly from a third-part source

Rooting

method used on Android devices to gain privileged or root level access for modifying code or installing software that is not intended for the device

Jailbreaking

method used on iOS devices to remove manufacturer restrictions allowing them to run arbitrary user-code, grant users full access to the file system and full access to kernel modules

Screen Lock

mobile device security feature whereby the user unlocks the device using biometric (face or fingerprint) authentication, a four or six digit passcode, or a pattern

Déjà Dup

one of the Linux backup and recovery programs

device OS locks up

problem caused by an operating system error an unresponsive app, or insufficient RAM or Flash memory

kernel panic

problem caused when a driver update is corrupted or a hardware component has failed

device is slow

problem caused when a mobile device is low on RAM or Flash storage memory

touchscreen response is inaccurate

problem caused when a screen is dirty or is shorting out due to moisture damage

device will not connect

problem caused when the Wi-Fi, Cellular, or Bluetooth radio is switched off or airplane mode is enabled

device has weak signal

problem caused when the device is too far from the Wi-Fi access point or cellular tower or when there is interference

device display dim

problem caused when the mobile device brightness setting is not calibrated properly or the screen is failing

cannot send or receive email

problem that is caused due to incorrect email account settings or a network connection issue

file and directory permissions

r - read (octal value 4) w - write (octal value 2) x - execute (octal value 1)

distribution or distro

refers to the many different variants of Linux such as Red Hat, Debian, Ubuntu, and Mint Linux each adding specific packages, utilities, and apps to the base Linux kernel and providing different support options

ext4

the 64-bit file system, that supports journaling, used on Linux computers

Time Machine

the default macOS backup and recovery program

APFS (Apple File System)

the file system used on modern macOS computers that supports native file encryption and file sizes up to 8 Exabytes

keychain

the macOS (an iOS) tool that stores usernames and passwords for apps and websites you visit in Safari

system bar

the onscreen navigation icons on an Android device for returning back to the previous screen, returning to the home screen, and viewing thumbnails of recent apps

Linux

the open source operating system used on many embedded-systems, wearable devices, smartwatches, servers, as well as laptop and desktop computers; compatible with UNIX commands and the basis of the Android operating system

walled garden

the policy whereby Apple iOS apps must be submitted to and approved by Apple before they are release to users on the App store

source code

the sequence of instructions that is written in human readable language, before it is turned into machine language (zeroes and ones).

home button

the single button at the bottom of older iPhones used to wake the device, return to the home screen or start Siri voice control (replaced on newer iPhones by simply swiping up from the bottom of the screen)

user, group, other

the three levels of permission for files and directories in Unix-based operating systems like Linux and macOS

Disk Utility

the tool used on macOS to partition and format a hard disk drive

Screen Orientation

the viewing mode on a mobile device, portrait or landscape, that changes automatically with the help of accelerometer and gyroscope sensors in the device that detect how the device is being held; this may be locked in place on both Android and iOS

Notification Center

viewed by touching the top center of the screen and swiping down, this feature displays all of the alerts from apps in one location on an iOS device allowing the user to dismiss, clear, or adjust them

open source

when a developer chooses to provide the source code for others to analyze and modify; Android

closed source

when a developer's source code is not published; Apple iOS

Linux GUI Features

GUI that features the dash where favorite and running app icons appear, the activities button that reveals all the installed apps on the computer, the application menu which provides quick access to common tasks related to the current app, and the system menu used to manage common settings as well as restart or power off the computer

Apple GUI Features

GUI that features the dock where favorite and running app icons appear, the menu bar at the top, the Apple menu with access to system preferences and information, force quit, and the option to restart or power off the device, the Application menu with common tasks related to the current app, and the status menu that displays the date and time as well as quick access to network and display settings

passwd

Linux command to change a user accounts password

chown

Linux command to change the owner of a file or directory

chmod

Linux command to change the permissions of the user, group, or other

sudo

Linux command to execute a command that requires root privileges

apt-get

Linux command to install or update programs

kill

Linux command to terminate a running process by its Process ID (PID) number

ps

Linux command to view the running processes

Xcode

The integrated development environment (IDE) from Apple that is used to create, compile and test Mac OS X and iOS (iPhone/iPad/iPod) applications.

Android Studio

The recommended IDE for writing Java programs and for building and integrating application development tools and open-source projects for Android.