Ivy Tech Competition - Knowledge Test

Place the stages of a criminal trial in the proper order, 1-8

1. Trial initiation 2. jury selection 3. opening statement 4. presentation of evidence 5. closing arguments 6. judge's charge to the jury 7. jury deliberations 8. verdict

Your freedom to peacefully assemble is protected in which amendment?

1st

Based on the decision in McNabb v. U.S., the standard maximum time by which a first appearance should be held has been set at ________ hours after arrest.

48

The requirement for the government to obtain a warrant upon probable cause to search or arrest you is found in which amendment?

4th

Which amendment guarantees protection from unreasonable search and seizure?

4th

Which amendment guarantees protection from self-incrimination?

5th

Which amendment protects you from being put in legal jeopardy after being found innocent (double jeopardy)?

5th

Your guarantee of a grand jury in a federal criminal case is guaranteed in which amendment?

5th

Due process is guaranteed in which two amendment?

5th and 14th

Which amendment protects your right to confront your accusers in a criminal trial?

6th

Your right to a jury in a criminal trial is protected in which amendment?

6th

Your protections against cruel and unusual punishments and excessive bail are found in which amendment?

8th

What is parens patriae?

A common law principle that allows the state to assume a parental role and to take custody of a child when he or she becomes delinquent, is abandoned, or is in need of care that the natural parents are unable or unwilling to provide.

General Conditions of Probation

Apply to all probationers in a given jurisdiction

______ is a proactive approach to the problem of crime.

Crime Prevention

Which of the following would support the protection of personal freedom and civil rights?

Individual-rights advocates

Which of the U.S. Supreme Court case established the Court's authority as the final interpreter of the U.S. Constitution?

Marbury v. Madison

Which of the following refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgement on the law and the facts?

Original jurisdiction

The _____ system was an early American system of imprisonment that emphasized solitary confinement and saw penance as the main way to achieve rehabilitation.

Pennsylvania

The political era of American policing was characterized by________.

Police serving the interest of politicians

In prison argot, "crack kids" are ______.

Streetwise young women with no respect for traditional prison values.

Currently, the main priority of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is _______.

Terrorism

If you are looking for national crime statistics and want data on crimes reported to the police, you should use which of the following sources of data?

The Uniform Crime Reports - UCR

Which agency head is most likely to be an elected official?

The county sheriff

Proportionality means that ______

There should be a direct relationship between the severity of the sanctions and the seriousness of the crime.

Which of the following is a purpose of bail?

To prevent unconvinced suspects from suffering imprisonment unnecessarily

A protection written into the sixth amendment includes:

Your right to an attorney

A criminal offense punishable by incarceration in a prison facility for at least a year is:

a felony

Which of the following is an example of procedural law?

a law that specifies when a search warrant may be issued to the police

For which of the following studies would you definitely want to use NIBRS rather than the UCR?

a study examining multiple crime that occur within a single incident

Which element of crime refers to the criminal act?

actus reus

The juvenile court's fact finding process, which is similar to an adult trial, is known as a(n) ________ hearing.

adjudicatory

Courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have: _________ jurisdiction

appellate

The standard of proof required for conviction in a criminal trial____.

beyond a reasonable doubt

The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony of theft is the crime of ________.

burglary

The most important form of prosecutorial discretion lies in the power to ______

charge, or not charge, a person with an offense

______ evidence requires interpretation or requires a judge or jury to reach a conclusion based on what the evidence indicates.

circumstantial

During jury selection, challenges for cause

claim that an individual juror cannot be fair or impartial

Which of the following refers to a traditional body of unwritten historical precedents created from everyday social customs, rules, and practices?

common law

The _______ era of policing was characterized by an increasing focus on quality-of-life offenses and the broken windows model of policing.

community

_______ requires that the criminal act and the mental state occur together in order for a crime to take place.

concurrence

The idea of criminal justice nonsystem, in which different criminal justice agencies are more self-serving and focus more on performance measures than on justice, is the basis of the _______.

conflict model

Probation is ordered by the ________.

court

The dark figure of crime refers to _______.

crime that is not reported to the police

Which model emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders?

crime-control model

The body of rules and regulations that define and specify the nature of and punishments for offenses of a public nature for wrongs committed against the state or society is called ____

criminal law

What two principles are considered the Miranda triggers?

custody and interrogation

The 1974 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act requires that any state who accepts federal funds through the Act must _________.

deinstitutionalize status offenders

Challenges to prison conditions by inmates, which are brought under the Eighth Amendment, must show ________ by the officials responsible for the conditions.

deliberate indifference

The primary purpose of a criminal trial is to ______

determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant

General deterrence attempts to ______.

discourage potential offenders from committing crimes

The ability of police offenders to make choices such as whether or not to investigate is known as ________.

discretion

The ______ hearing is the final stage in the processing of adjudicated juveniles and is similar to an adult sentencing hearing.

dispositional

Federal inmates are most commonly sentenced for ________.

drug law violations

Which model requires the police to recognize a suspect's rights during arrest and interrogation?

due-process model

Compared to the adult system, the juvenile justice system is more likely to ________.

employ diversion from further formal processing at all stages in the process

Which of the following refers to an improper or illegal inducement to crime by enforcement agents?

entrapment

The special responsibility to adhere to moral duty and obligation that is inherent in police work is called:

ethics

Crime fighting strategies that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research are known as:

evidence-based practice

The application of more force than necessary to compel compliances from a subject is known as _________.

excessive force

_______ evidence is information having a tendency to clear a person of guilt or blame

exculpatory

Which weapon is used most often to commit murder?

firearms

An indictment is filed by the ________.

grand jury

The judge ____

holds ultimate authority in ruling on matters of law

How did the Supreme Court case of Pell v. Procunier affect prisoners' rights?

it established a balancing test to weigh individual rights against public order and protection

The document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent is called a(n) _________.

juvenile petition

______ guilt is established only when the prosecutor present sufficient evidence to convince the judge or jury that the defendant is guilty as charged.

legal

A police chief instructs officers to write tickets for any motorists who are going at least one mile per hour above the speed limit. This department is most likely operating under the _____ style of policing.

legalistic

______ is a type of sentencing plan that allows no leeway in the imposition of a sentence for a person convicted of a crime.

mandatory sentencing

All death-row inmates are held in ________ prisons.

maximum-security

Which element of crime refers to the level of criminal intent?

mens rea

The typical American prison today is _____

minimum or medium custody

The two key elements in the definition of police corruption are _______.

misuse of authority and personal gain

Which of the following is a prisoner reentry strategy?

parole

Officer Choi is questioning neighborhood residents about a series of burglaries. She knocks on Joe's door and is invited into the house. While in the kitchen, Officer Choi notices a marijuana plant on the windowsill. Officer Choi may legally seize the plant under the ________ doctrine.

plain-view

One of the leading formative influences on the staff culture of corrections officers is the ________.

potential threat that inmates pose

The results of the 1974 Kansas City experiment on preventive patrol suggest that

preventable crimes are not affected by police patrol

What is a prison argot?

prison slang

The socialization of new inmates into the prison subculture is called_______.

prisonization

What is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the United States?

probation

Due process refers to ______.

procedural fairness

Which type of indigent defense involves the use of full-time salaried state employees?

public defender programs

A person who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights is a(n) __________.

public-order advocate

Most hate crimes are motivated by _____.

racial hatred

According to the Supreme Court, the police may conduct a "stop and frisk" without a warrant based on ________.

reasonable suspicion

Police-Community Relations (PCR)

recognizes that the police derive their legitimacy from the community they serve

The ______ model of corrections emphasized indeterminate sentencing and rehabilitation.

reformatory

The primary objective of the juvenile court is ____

retribution

The power of judicial review allows the U.S. Supreme Court to _______

review lower-court decisions and state and federal statutes

The concept of ________ expresses the belief that an orderly society must be governed by established principles to maintain order.

rule of law

According to the Supreme Court decision in Wolff v. McDonnell _______.

sanctions cannot be levied against inmates without appropriate due process

The "evidence" in evidence based policing refers to _______.

scientific evidence resulting from research on police behavior, response to crime, etc.

_____ incapacitation seeks to identify the most dangerous criminals and incarcerate them to protect society

selective

Probable cause is _________.

set of facts that cause a reasonable person to believe that a person committed a specific crime

A police subculture includes ________.

shared values, beliefs, and forms of behavior

________ is an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and is linked to fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong.

social justice

Children who purchase cigarettes, buy alcohol, and are truant are ________.

status offenders

UCR/NIBRS terminology may differ from ________ definitions of crime.

statutory

Which type of law is also known as the "law on the books"?

statutory law

The body of rules and regulations that define and specify the nature of and punishment for offenses of a public nature for wrongs committed against the state or society is called________.

substantive criminal law

American criminal trial courts operate under a structure known as

the adversarial system

Which model assumes that the components of the criminal justice work together harmoniously to achieve justice?

the consensus model

Which of the following is an example of a procedural defense?

the defendant was denied his right to a speedy trial

According to ________, evidence illegally seized by the police cannot be used in a trial.

the exclusionary rule

Under the indeterminate sentencing model, what is the primary determinant of the amount of time served?

the inmate's behavior while incarcerated

Which of the following is a member of the courtroom work group?

the judge

Proportionality means that _____.

there should be a direct relationship between the severity of the sanction and the seriousness of the crime

What was the original purpose of a jail?

to hold arrested suspects who are awaiting trial

A(n) ______ institution is an enclosed facility separated from society both socially and physically, where the inhabitants share all aspects of their daily lives.

total

U.S. district courts are the ______ for the federal court system

trial courts

Which of the following is a policy for dealing with serious offenders that focuses on protecting society and does NOT attempt rehabilitation?

warehousing

In which situation are police officers most likely to use force?

while making an arrest

The fastest-growing population of jail inmates is ____

women