Jarvis Ch. 22
Describe the Ortolani maneuver for checking an infant's hips.
Supine, flex knees holding thumbs on inner mid-thighs and fingers outside on hips. Adduct legs until thumbs touch, then life and abduct, moving knees apart and down.
Differentiate synovial from non-synovial joints.
Synovial - freely moveable Non-synovial - immovable, united by fibrous tissue
Explain the method for measuring leg length.
True leg length - measure between fixed points, from anterior iliac spine to medial malleolus, crossing medial side of knee
Contrast Bouchard's nodes with Heberden's nodes in osteoarthritis.
Bouchard - proximal interphalangeal joints, less common Herberden - distal interphalangeal joints, more common
Differentiate the following: Dislocation Subluxation Contracture Ankylosis
Dislocation - complete loss of contact between two bones in a joint Subluxation - two bones in joint stay in contact, but alignment is off Contracture - shortening of muscle leading to limited ROM of joint Ankylosis - stiffness or fixation of a joint
Draw and describe swan neck deformity and boutonniére deformity in rheumatoid arthritis
Swan neck - flexion contracture resembles curve of swan in metacarpopharangeal joint (hyperextension) Boutonniére - knuckle looks like it's being pushed through a buttonhole
lowering a body part
depression
moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
retraction
chronic systemic inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding connective tissue
rheumatoid arthritis
moving the head around a central axis
rotation
turning the forearm so that the palm is up
supination
(clubfoot) congenital deformity of the food in which it is plantar flexed and inverted
talipes equinovarus
Differentiate testing of active ROM versus passive ROM.
Active ROM - patient is doing movements themselves Passive ROM - patient is relaxed ad nurse moves limbs
When performing a functional assessment for an older adult, state the common adaptations that the aging person makes when attempting these maneuvers: Walking Climbing up stairs Walking down stairs Picking up object from floor Rising up from sitting in chair Rising up from lying in bed
Walking - shuffling pattern; swaying; arms out to help balance; broader base of support; person may watch feet Climbing up stairs - person holds handrail; may haul body up with it; may lead with favored (stronger) leg Walking down stairs - holds handrail, sometimes with both hands. If person is weak, he or she may descend sideways, lowering weaker leg first. If person is unsteady, he or she may watch feet Picking up object from floor - person often bends at waist instead of bending knees; holds furniture to support while bending and straightening Rising up from sitting in chair - person uses arms to push off chair arms, upper trunk leans forward before body straightens, feet planted wide in broad base of support Rising up from lying in bed - may roll to one side, push with arms to lift up torso, grab bedside table to increase leverage
List 4 signs that suggest inflammation in a joint.
Warmth Tenderness Swelling Masses
Examination of the shoulder includes 4 motions. These are: a. forward flexion, internal rotation, abduction, and external rotation b. abduction, adduction, pronation, and supination c. circumduction, inversion, eversion, and rotation d. elevation, retraction, protraction, and circumduction
a. forward flexion, internal rotation, abduction, and external rotation
The bulge sign is a test for: a. swelling in the suprapatellar pouch b. carpal tunnel syndrome c. Heberden's nodes d. Olecranon bursa inflammation
a. swelling in the suprapatellar pouch
moving a limb away from the midline of the body
abduction
moving a limb toward the midline of the body
adduction
immobility, consolidation, and fixation of a joint because of disease, injury, or surgery; most often due to chronic rheumatoid arthritis
ankylosis
inability to perform coordinated movements
ataxia
When assessing an infant, the examiner completes the Ortolani maneuver by: a. lifting the newborn and noting a C-shaped curvature of the spine b. gently lifting and abducting the infant's flexed knees while palpating the greater trochanter with the fingers c. comparing the height of the tops of the knees when the knees are flexed up d. palpating the length of the clavicles
b. gently lifting and abducting the infant's flexed knees while palpating the greater trochanter with the fingers
A 2-year-old child comes to the clinic for a health examination. A common finding for this age group is: a. kyphosis b. lordosis c. scoliosis d. no deviation is normal
b. lordosis
Pronation and supination of the hand and forearm are the result of the articulation of the: a. scapula and clavicle b. radius and ulna c. patella and condyle of fibula d. femur and acetabulum
b. radius and ulna
enclosed sac filled with viscous fluid located in joint areas of potential friction
bursa
A positive Phalen test and Tinel sign are found in a patient with: a. a torn meniscus b. Hallux vulgus c. carpal tunnel syndrome d. tennis elbow
c. carpal tunnel syndrome
A 70-year-old woman has come for a health examination. Which of the following is a common age-related change in the curvature of the spinal column? a. lordosis b. scoliosis c. kyphosis d. lateral scoliosis
c. kyphosis
The examiner measures a patient's legs for length discrepancy. Which is a normal finding? a. no difference in measurements b. 0.5 cm difference c. within 1 cm of each other d. 2 cm difference
c. within 1 cm of each other
moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
circumduction
dry crackling sound or sensation due to grating of the ends of damaged bone
crepitation
Anterior and posterior stability are provided to the knee joint by the: a. medial and lateral menisci b. patellar tendon and ligament c. medial collateral ligament and quadriceps muscle d. anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
d. anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
Hematopoiesis takes place in which of the following? a. liver b. spleen c. kidneys d. bone marrow
d. bone marrow
During the assessment of the spine, the patient would be asked to: a. adduct and extend b. supinate, evert, and retract c. extend, adduct, invert, and rotate d. flex, extend, abduct, and rotate
d. flex, extend, abduct, and rotate
Fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and help prevent movement in undesirable directions are known as: a. bursa b. tendons c. cartilage d. ligaments
d. ligaments
directed toward or located on the surface
dorsal
flexion contracture of the fingers due to chronic hyperplasia of the palmar fascia
dupuytren contracture
raising a body part
elevation
moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
eversion
straightening a limb at a joint
extension
bending a limb at a joint
flexion
round, cystic, nontender nodule overlying a tendon sheath or joint capsule, usually on dorsum of wrist
ganglion
lateral or outward deviation of the great toe
hallux valgus
moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
inversion
outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine; hunchback
kyphosis
fibrous band running directly from one bone to another bone that strengthens the joint
ligament
inward or concave curvature of the lumbar spine
lordosis
center of the intervertebral disc
nucleus puplosus
bony projection of the ulna at the elbow
olecranon process
kneecap
patella
refers to the surface of the sole of the foot
plantar
turning the forearm so that the palm is down
pronation
moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
protraction
extent of movement of a joint
range of motion (ROM)
nerve pain along the course of the sciatic nerve that travels down from the back or thigh through the leg and into the foot
sciatica
S-shaped curvature of the thoracic spine
scoliosis
strong fibrous cord that attaches a skeletal muscle to a bono
tendon
wryneck; contraction of the cervical neck muscles, producing torsion of the neck
torticollis