Jarvis HA CH 24 Male GU System Q&A

What is hypospadias? A foreskin that cannot be retracted A painful penile bending during erection A urethral meatus on the dorsal side of the penis A urethral meatus at a proximal, ventral site on the penis

A urethral meatus at a proximal, ventral site on the penis Hypospadias is a congenital defect in which the urethral meatus opens on the ventral side of the penis. Phimosis is a defect in which the foreskin cannot retract because of a narrow opening of the prepuce. Peyronie disease is painful penile bending during erection. Epispadias is a defect in which the urethral meatus is on the dorsal side of the penis.

The nurse is preparing a questionnaire to assess stress incontinence in a patient. Which is the most important question that should be asked by the nurse? "Are you urinating more often than usual?" "Do you have any difficulty controlling your urine?" "Do you have any trouble starting the urine stream?" "Do you accidentally urinate when you sneeze, laugh, cough, or bear down?"

"Do you accidentally urinate when you sneeze, laugh, cough, or bear down?" Stress incontinence refers to the involuntary loss of urine during physical strain, coughing, or laughing. This condition is caused due to weakness of the pelvic floor muscles. The nurse should ask about involuntary or accidental urination during activities such as sneezing, coughing, and laughing. The nurse may ask about the frequency of urination to assess if the patient has polyuria or oliguria. Asking about any difficulty during urination also helps to identify urge incontinence. The nurse may ask about the feeling of indecision about voiding urine to assess hesitancy.

The nurse teaches a patient about testicular self-examination. Which statement would be appropriate for the nurse to include? "Testicular cancer usually affects men after 50 years of age." "Avoid self-examination because lesions are difficult to detect." "The cure rate of testicular cancer is almost 100% when detected early." "There is no need to worry if any hard lumps on the testicles are painless."

"The cure rate of testicular cancer is almost 100% when detected early." The cure rate of testicular cancer is almost 100% if the treatment begins before metastasis. The nurse should instruct the patient to report any painless hard lumps on the testicles, because some tumors are painless. The nurse should teach testicular self-examination to the patient, because the patient can detect any lumps and report immediately. Testicular cancer usually occurs in males between 15 and 35 years of age.

The nurse teaches a student about the functions of the male genital structures. Which statement, if made by the student, indicates a need for further instruction? "The testis produces sperm." "The epididymis stores the sperm." "The prostate produces ejaculatory fluid." "The seminal vesicles form the spermatic cord."

"The seminal vesicles form the spermatic cord." The vas deferens, a muscular duct, joins the duct of the seminal vesicle and forms the ejaculatory duct, not the spermatic cord. The testes that lie in each scrotal half produce sperm. The epididymis is a coiled duct system and stores the sperm. The prostate produces the ejaculatory fluid that helps sperm viability.

A 20-year-old man has indicated that he does not perform testicular self-examination. One of the facts that should be shared with him is that testicular cancer, though rare, does occur in men ages

15 to 34 years

Which patient is at highest risk for developing prostate cancer? A 26-year-old white patient who is sexually active with multiple partners A 70-year-old Asian patient with a history of benign prostatic hypertrophy A 45-year-old Hispanic patient with a decreased prostate specific antigen level A 68-year-old African American patient who has a brother with prostate cancer

A 68-year-old African American patient who has a brother with prostate cancer Risk factors for developing prostate cancer include advanced age (over 65 year of age), African American race, and a first degree relative (father, brother, or son) who has been diagnosed with prostate cancer. Benign prostatic hypertrophy and multiple-partner sexual activity are not risk factors for prostate cancer. Increased levels, not decreased levels, of prostate specific antigen are associated with prostate cancer.

While caring for a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the nurse finds that the patient is unable to urinate and has abdominal pain. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the patient? Oliguria Urethritis Urethral stricture Acute urinary retention

Acute urinary retention Benign prostatic hyperplasia causes obstruction to the bladder and bladder distention, which cause the inability to pass urine. The sudden inability to pass urine and abdominal pain indicate acute urinary retention. A diminished quantity of urine production indicates oliguria. Painful burning sensations during urination indicate that the patient may have urethritis. A pinpointed and constricted opening of the meatus or constriction along the internal part of the urethra indicates urethral stricture.

When does sperm production start decreasing in an adult? Around 30 years of age Around 60 years of age Around 40 years of age Around 80 years of age

Around 40 years of age The aging adult male may experience age-related changes but does not experience a definite end to fertility. Around the age of 40 years, there is a drastic reduction in testosterone levels, which directly affects the production of sperm. Testosterone production starts decreasing after 30 years of age. However, a reduction in testosterone levels is not sufficient to cause a decrease in sperm production until the age of 40. Rapid detumescence may occur after 60 years of age due to less forceful and shorter sperm ejaculation. The adult may experience all aging-related changes at around 80 years of age.

A male patient expresses discomfort with a female nurse performing a genitalia examination. What action should the nurse take? Continue with the assessment and engage in friendly talk. Arrange to have a male nurse perform the physical assessment. Defer the physical assessment and record that the patient has refused it. Tell the patient that it is a professional matter and she has no personal interest in him.

Arrange to have a male nurse perform the physical assessment. The nurse should ask a male colleague to perform the genitalia assessment to reduce the patient's discomfort. Continuing with the assessment and engaging in friendly talk will not lessen the patient's discomfort, and the patient may also perceive it as an invasion of his privacy. The nurse should not defer the physical assessment, because it is an important process to formulate a correct nursing diagnosis. The nurse telling the patient that she is not interested in him is not likely to reduce the patient's discomfort if the patient is still embarrassed.

When should the nurse obtain a patient's sexual history? Before a genital examination During a genital examination After a genital examination Per the patient's inclination

Before a genital examination The nurse obtains a sexual history before the genital examination. Information regarding sexual health practices will help in understanding the potential risks and help guide the nurse during the examination of the genitalia. The patient may not be comfortable during the examination and may perceive any discussion regarding personal sexual practices as judgmental. Performing the examination prior to the interview will not help in understanding which areas need a detailed examination. The patient may be unwilling or embarrassed to share information with the nurse. However, instead of depending on the patient's inclination, the nurse should inform the patient that sexual history is necessary to understand the patient's condition.

A patient complains of difficulty voiding. On assessment, the nurse finds that the patient's prostate is enlarged and smooth. Which condition does the nurse suspect? Prostatitis Papillomavirus Prostate carcinoma Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) An enlarged prostate that is smooth and difficulty voiding are symptoms of BPH. Prostate carcinoma, or prostate cancer, is suspected if bumps or hard areas are found on digital rectal examination of the prostate. Prostatitis may occur due to infection or inflammation of the prostate; the patient usually reports burning on urination. Papillomavirus is a virus that may cause genital warts.

Where is the erectile tissue located in males? Epididymis Scrotum Corpora cavernosa Cremaster muscle

Corpora cavernosa The erectile tissue of the penis is located in the corpora cavernosa. The epididymis is a coiled duct system and stores the sperm. The scrotum is a loose, protective sac that contains the testicles. The cremaster muscle does not contain the erectile tissue; it covers the testes.

Which structure controls the size of the scrotum? Frenulum Epididymis Inguinal canal Cremaster muscle

Cremaster muscle The cremaster muscle is located in the wall of the scrotal sac. It controls the size of the scrotum by responding to the surrounding temperature. The frenulum is a fold of the foreskin extending from the urethral meatus ventrally. The epididymis is a comma-shaped structure, curved over the top and the posterior surface of the testis, which stores sperm. The inguinal canal is a narrow tunnel passing obliquely between the layers of the abdominal muscle. These structures are not associated with the shape and size of the scrotum. Topics

On reviewing the laboratory reports of a patient, the nurse sees that the blood urea nitrogen level is 40 mg/dL. Which conditions does the nurse expect to find in the patient? Select all that apply. Decrease in fluid volume Increase in protein intake Red blood cells in the urine Increase in the glucose level Fever and burning urination

Decrease in fluid volume Increase in protein intake Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measures urea, which is the end product of protein metabolism in the body. The normal range of BUN is 10 to 20 mg/dL. The BUN level may rise due to a decrease in fluid volume, which may occur as a result of diuresis or dehydration. High protein intake results in increased protein metabolism, which may also contribute to increased BUN levels. The presence of red blood cells in the urine indicates hematuria, which is a common sign of urinary tract infection. The increase in blood or urine glucose level indicates hyperglycemia associated with diabetes. Signs such as fever and burning micturition indicate urinary tract infection.

Which is the most common sign in patients having acute cystitis, prostatitis, and urethritis? Dysuria Polyuria Nocturia Oliguria

Dysuria Dysuria refers to pain, burning, and discomfort during urination. In conditions such as acute cystitis, prostatitis, and urethritis, there is an inflammation of the urinary tract that results in dysuria. Polyuria refers to an increased frequency of urination due to the excessive production of urine, which may occur in patients with diabetes mellitus. Nocturia refers to the urgency and increased frequency of urination during night hours. Oliguria refers to a diminished quantity of urine due to decreased fluid intake or renal failure.

Which developmental changes would the nurse be able to observe in a male adolescent during physical examination? Select all that apply. Enlargement of the testis Increase in the penis size Appearance of pubic hair Pendulous appearance of the scrotum Descent of the testis along the inguinal canal

Enlargement of the testis Increase in the penis size Appearance of pubic hair The nurse can observe the signs of puberty during physical examination in adolescents. Enlargement of the testis is the first sign of puberty, which starts around 10 years of age. Then the nurse should look for an increase in the penis size, followed by the appearance of pubic hair; the rate at which these changes occur can vary due to hormonal regulation, diet, and physical activity. The appearance of a pendulous scrotum occurs due to decreased muscle mass and rugae. It is seen in elderly males. Descent of the testis along the inguinal canal occurs before birth.

Which structure is the storage site of sperm? Testis Epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory duct

Epididymis The epididymis is a coiled duct system which connects the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens. The main function of the epididymis is the storage of sperm. The testis is a male gonad which produces sperm. The vas deferens is a muscular duct that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts. The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicles. The main function of this duct is the ejaculation of sperm.

Which complication does the nurse expect to find in a patient with prostatitis? Varicocele Epididymitis Hypospadias Cryptorchidism

Epididymitis Prostatitis is a condition that involves inflammation of the prostate and the area around it. This condition also causes acute infection to the epididymis, which is called epididymitis. Other conditions such as varicocele, hypospadias, and cryptorchidism do not occur due to prostatitis. Varicocele refers to the presence of tortuous dilated veins in the spermatic cord. Hypospadias is a birth defect, in which the urinary meatus is present on the ventral side of the penis. Cryptorchidism is also a birth defect, in which a patient has an undescended testis.

Which infection can be prevented by administering the HPV4 vaccine to a patient? Tinea cruris Genital warts Genital herpes Syphilitic chancre

Genital warts Gardasil is a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine used to prevent HPV infections. Genital warts are caused by HPV, and therefore can be prevented by using HPV vaccine. Tinea cruris is a fungal infection that can be treated by administering an antifungal agent such as terbinafine (Lamisil). Genital herpes is a viral infection that can be treated by administering oral antiviral agents such as acyclovir (Zovirax). Syphilis, a characteristic of which is chancre, is a sexually transmitted infection that is usually treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics such as penicillin G (Pfizerpen).

A patient has soft, moist, fleshy, painless papules around the anus. The examiner suspects this condition is

HPV

A male patient presents with soft, nontender swelling around the testis. What condition does the nurse check for in the patient? Orchitis Hydrocele Scrotal hernia Scrotal edema

Hydrocele Hydrocele is a condition in which serous fluid is accumulated in the tunica vaginalis around the testicles. The swelling is generally soft, nontender, and large in size. Orchitis is an acute inflammation of the testis caused by mumps, and is characterized by moderate pain, sudden onset of fever, and swelling. Scrotal hernia is usually caused by an inguinal hernia due to the embryonic failure of the internal inguinal ring closure. Scrotal edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lower half of the body; it is caused by congestive heart failure, renal failure, and portal vein obstruction.

While inspecting a patient's scrotum, the nurse observes a red glow of serous fluid upon transillumination. Which condition could this patient have? Hernia Hydrocele Epididymitis Testicular tumor

Hydrocele Transillumination is performed by shining a strong flashlight from behind the scrotal contents. The absence of transillumination of the scrotal contents is normal. If the serous fluid transilluminates and shows a red glow, it indicates that the patient has hydrocele. Blood and solid tissue do not transilluminate. Therefore, transillumination does not occur in other conditions such as hernia, epididymitis, and testicular tumor.

Which laboratory parameter indicates decreased kidney function? Increased serum creatinine Increased blood urea nitrogen Increased glucose levels in the urine Increased red blood cell count in urine

Increased serum creatinine Kidney function is assessed by checking the levels of creatinine in the serum. The normal range of creatinine is 0.7 to 1.5 mg/dL. When glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is less, the serum creatinine levels increase. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measures the content of urea in the urine, which is the end product of protein metabolism in the body. This also indicates decreased kidney function, but it is less specific. Increased sugar levels in the urine are indicative of diabetes mellitus. Increased red blood cells in the urine are an indication of urinary tract infection.

The nurse is reviewing the data obtained on the examination of a male genitourinary system. Which assessment finding does the nurse consider normal? Tender scrotal sac Narrow prepuce opening Hard and enlarged lymph nodes Left scrotal sac is lower than right

Left sac is lower than right The left scrotal sac appears low because the left testis has a longer spermatic cord when compared to the right testis. The scrotal sac is not usually tender. Tenderness of the scrotal sac may be indicative of inflammation of the scrotal contents. A narrowed opening of the prepuce indicates phimosis, which is an abnormal finding. Hard and enlarged nodes in the inguinal area may be indicative of tumor and hernia.

A patient presents with clusters of painful vesicles and eruptions on the glans and foreskin of the penis. Which drug could be prescribed to treat this condition? HPV4 (Gardasil) Penicillin G (Pfizerpen) Oral acyclovir (Zovirax) Lidocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLS)

Oral acyclovir (Zovirax) Clusters of painful vesicles and eruptions on the glans and foreskin indicate that the patient has genital herpes. Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection, the acute stage of which lasts for 7 to 10 days. Oral acyclovir (Zovirax) is the most commonly used antiviral drug used in the treatment of herpes simplex and varicella zoster viral infections. HPV4 (Gardasil) is a vaccine recommended for use in the prevention of genital warts. Penicillin G (Pfizerpen) is derived from a group of antibiotics and is effective against some sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis. Lidocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA) is a local anesthetic used during minor and treatable invasive procedures.

A patient reports an enlarged scrotum with acute testicular pain. The nurse is not able to distinguish the epididymis from the testis during palpation. What condition should the nurse infer from the findings? Orchitis Varicocele Spermatocele Diffuse testicular tumor

Orchitis A tender and swollen testis and acute pain in the scrotal area indicate that the patient has orchitis. In this condition the nurse cannot distinguish the epididymis from the testicles. Clinical findings of varicocele include dull pain in the inguinal area. Clinical findings of spermatocele include a painless, cystic mass on the epididymis, which feels like a third testis upon palpation. Clinical findings of diffuse testicular tumors include enlarged, swollen testes, which are soft and firm to palpate.

Which assessment technique reveals the presence of a nontender nodule during the physical assessment of a patient with a syphilitic chancre? Palpation Inspection Percussion Auscultation

Palpation Syphilis begins as a small, solitary, silvery papule that erodes and changes into a red round papule with yellowish serous discharge called a chancre. Palpation of the nodule reveals the presence of a nontender indurated base, which can be lifted up by a grasping action of the thumb and finger. Inspection refers to the visual observation of a body part that helps to elicit specific information. It cannot help to assess the tenderness of a papule. Percussion is useful in determining the size and shape of the internal organs; it is not helpful in assessing tenderness. Auscultation is the technique used to listen to body sounds; it cannot be used to assess tenderness.

A patient presents with a genital infection. During the assessment, the nurse finds a small, round, silvery papule with a yellowish serous discharge. On palpation, the nurse finds a nontender button-like structure and enlarged lymph nodes in the inguinal region. Which medication may help treat this patient? HPV4 (Gardasil) Acyclovir (Zovirax) Penicillin G (Pfizerpen) Lidocaine-prilocaine cream (Oraqix)

Penicillin G (Pfizerpen) A small, round, solitary, silvery papule with yellowish discharge and nontender lymph nodes indicate that the patient may have a syphilitic chancre. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection and can be easily treated using broad-spectrum antibiotics such as penicillin G (Pfizerpen). HPV4 (Gardasil) is a HPV vaccine used in the treatment of genital warts. Acyclovir (Zovirax) is used in the treatment of genital herpes. Lidocaine-prilocaine cream (Oraqix) is used to prevent pain during the circumcision procedure.

Which conditions are examples of penile abnormalities? Select all that apply. Phimosis Epididymitis Hypospadias Diffuse tumor Spermatocele Peyronie disease

Phimosis Hypospadias Peyronie disease Phimosis, hypospadias, and Peyronie disease are examples of abnormalities of the penis. Phimosis is a condition in males in which the foreskin is advanced, extremely tight, and cannot retract over the glans penis. Hypospadias refers to the presence of urethral meatus on the ventral side of the glans penis. Peyronie disease is the presence of hard, nontender, subcutaneous palpable plaques on the dorsal or the lateral surface of the penis. Epididymitis, diffuse tumor, and spermatocele are examples of scrotal abnormalities. Epididymitis is the acute infection and inflammation of epididymis. Diffuse tumor is the nontender enlargement of testis. Spermatocele is the presence of a cyst in the epididymis.

What would transillumination of a normal adult scrotal sac reveal? The presence of hydrocele The presence of a faint pink glow The presence of blood in the scrotum Scrotal contents as dark masses with regular borders

Scrotal contents as dark masses with regular borders Normal scrotal contents will not transilluminate and will appear as dark masses with regular borders. Hydrocele may transilluminate as a faint pink glow and may be associated with orchitis in adults. Blood does not transilluminate and should not be present in the scrotum.

How would a normal epididymis feel in a male patient? Rough Tender Firm and rubbery Softer than the testes

Softer than the testes A normal epididymis is softer than the testis and feels discrete. The epididymis is not rough but feels smooth on palpation. The testes will feel firm and rubbery, but the epididymis will not.

What is a characteristic of spermatogenesis? Spermatogenesis occurs in the epididymis. Spermatogenesis requires a temperature less than 42° C. Spermatogenesis occurs at a temperature greater than 38° C. Spermatogenesis is protected by movement of the scrotum.

Spermatogenesis is protected by movement of the scrotum. Spermatogenesis refers to the process of sperm cell development that is protected by movement of the scrotum. The cremaster muscle of the scrotum contracts when it is cold and relaxes when it is warmer. This keeps the testes at 3° C below the abdominal temperature, which is the best temperature for sperm production. Therefore, spermatogenesis does not occur at a temperature greater than 38° C or less than 42° C. It occurs in response to the change in abdominal temperature. Spermatogenesis does not occur in the epididymis. The epididymis is a coiled duct system and stores the sperm.

The nurse is performing a physical examination of a male patient's genitourinary system. Which position would be best to assess the presence of hernia? Prone position Sitting position Supine position Standing position

Standing position The presence of hernia can be checked by instructing the patient to stand. In this position, gravity assists the downward movement of the herniated content, which may help the nurse to palpate the hernia with ease. The nurse cannot examine the male genitalia in the prone position, because it is not well exposed in the prone position. The genital region is not adequately exposed in the sitting position. The examiner should be in the sitting position while the patient is in the standing position. This position helps the nurse to identify abnormal findings at eye level. In the supine position, gravity assists the retraction of the herniated contents. Therefore, the nurse should not assess for hernia in the supine position.

While reviewing the assessment reports of a patient, the nurse finds that the patient has lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and a sudden onset of unilateral pain in the testicles. Upon performing palpation, the nurse finds that the spermatic cord is thick, swollen, and tender. Which condition does the nurse expect to find in the patient? Varicocele Epididymitis Testicular torsion Early testicular tumor

Testicular torsion Sudden twisting of the spermatic cord results in the sudden onset of unilateral pain in the testicle during sleep or trauma. This indicates testicular torsion, which usually occurs on the left side. Symptoms of testicular torsion include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The spermatic cord feels thick, swollen, and tender to palpate due to the obstruction of blood supply. Varicocele refers to the dilated, tortuous, varicose veins in the spermatic cord; it is caused by the incompetent valves within the vein. Clinical findings of varicocele include dull pain. The acute infection of the epididymis is known as epididymitis. It is characterized by the sudden onset of pain in the scrotum, rapid swelling, and fever. Early testicular tumors can occur due to an undescended testis. They are characterized by swelling of the testis, which is hard and firm to palpate.

The nurse in a pediatric clinic finds that a 1-year-old child has indirect inguinal hernia. Which findings are consistent with this condition? Select all that apply. The child stops crying after being laid down. The child has nausea, vomiting, and tenderness. The child whines due to pain while expelling stools. The child has a swelling that increases with intra-abdominal pressure. The child has swelling close to the pubis in the area of the internal inguinal ring.

The child stops crying after being laid down. The child whines due to pain while expelling stools. The child has a swelling that increases with intra-abdominal pressure. Indirect inguinal hernia is the most common of all hernias. In indirect inguinal hernia, the sac of the peritoneum herniates through the internal inguinal ring and may pass into the scrotum. The child may have decreased pain while lying down, because this position may decrease intra-abdominal pressure. The child may report pain while expelling stools, because this activity exerts strain on the abdominal muscles. When there is an increase in the intra-abdominal pressure, the intestinal contents are pushed through the inguinal canal. Therefore, the child has soft swelling in the scrotum. The child may have nausea, vomiting, and tenderness in the case of femoral hernia. The child may have a swelling close to the pubis in the case of direct inguinal hernia, because the abdominal contents descend through the external inguinal ring.

During examination of the scrotum, a normal finding would be

The left testicle hangs lower than the right

A patient's medical record shows the patient's urinary output is 200 mL per day. What does the nurse infer from this finding? The patient has dysuria. The patient has oliguria. The patient has polyuria. The patient has hematuria.

The patient has oliguria. The normal range of urinary output per day is 400 to 2000 mL. If it is less than 400 mL per day, it indicates that the patient has oliguria, or diminished urine output. Because the patient's urinary output is 300 mL per day, the nurse infers that the patient has oliguria. Any pain or burning sensation with urination indicates dysuria. Excessive production of urine indicates polyuria. The presence of blood in the urine indicates hematuria.

A patient tells the nurse, "I feel the need to urinate about 10 to 12 times a day, but I have trouble starting my urine stream. And sometimes I have a bit of leakage." On reviewing the laboratory reports, the nurse finds that the patient has increased prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. What does the nurse infer from these findings? The patient has urethritis. The patient has varicocele. The patient has prostatitis. The patient has prostate cancer.

The patient has prostate cancer. A person normally urinates 5 to 6 times a day. Urinating 10 to 12 times a day indicates that the patient has an increased frequency of urination. Trouble starting the urine stream indicates hesitancy and straining in the patient. Hesitancy, interrupted urinary stream, urinary urgency, and leaking or dribbling of urine are the signs and symptoms of prostate cancer. An increased level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) indicates possible prostate cancer in the patient. Urethritis is a condition in which the urethral meatus is red in color, everted, and edematous, with purulent discharge. Varicocele refers to dilated, tortuous varicose veins in the spermatic cord. It is caused by incompetent valves within the vein, which permit reflux of blood. Prostatitis is a condition that involves inflammation of the prostate and the area around it. Increased PSA levels also indicate prostatitis, but symptoms such as hesitancy, urinary urgency, and leaking are not associated with prostatitis.

While examining a patient's penis, the nurse finds that the patient has a narrow, red, and edematous urethral meatus with purulent discharge. What does the nurse infer from these findings? The patient has urethritis. The patient has phimosis. The patient has hydrocele. The patient has cryptorchidism.

The patient has urethritis. The urethral meatus is located centrally at the tip of the glans. Normally, the edge of the meatus appears pink and smooth, without any discharge. If the meatus is red in color, everted, and edematous, with purulent discharge, it indicates that the patient has urethritis. If the patient is unable to retract the foreskin, it indicates that the patient has phimosis. A cystic collection of serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis surrounding the testis is known as hydrocele. Undescended testes indicate cryptorchidism.

A patient reports having a painless, swollen, hard nodule in the left scrotum. On palpation, the nurse finds that the patient has testicular swelling and a hard, solitary nodule. What does the nurse infer from these findings? The patient may have varicocele. The patient may have spermatocele. The patient may have testicular torsion. The patient may have early testicular tumor.

The patient may have early testicular tumor. Testicular tumors can be found in the early stages. Identification of the symptoms at an early stage helps the patient to undergo the appropriate treatment. The clinical findings of early testicular tumor include painless, firm or hard nodules on the testis and testicular swelling. A varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the varicose veins in the spermatic cord due to the reflux of blood flow. It is characterized by dull pain, a pulling or dragging feeling, and bluish discoloration of the scrotum. Spermatocele are benign and painless masses that may be caused by the retention of cysts in the epididymis. They are characterized by large, round, and free movable masses. Testicular torsion refers to a sudden twisting of the spermatic cord and is often characterized by the sudden onset of excruciating unilateral pain and a swollen scrotum. Topics

A patient approaches the nurse saying, "I involuntarily pass a small amount of urine and my underwear is always wet." What does the nurse infer from the patient report? The patient may have polyuria. The patient may have oliguria. The patient may have urinary incontinence. The patient may have a urinary tract infection.

The patient may have urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence refers to the involuntary leakage of urine. It may be due to physical stress, aging, or weakness of the pelvic floor muscles. The signs and symptoms of urinary incontinence include leakage of urine when a patient sneezes, laughs, and coughs. Polyuria is the elimination of an excessive quantity of urine, characterized by frequent urination and frequent intake. Oliguria is the reduced production of urine, characterized by decreased water intake and urine output less than 100 mL/day. Urinary tract infection refers to the invasion of a pathogen into the urinary tract, and is characterized by frequent, burning urination.

What is an abnormal assessment finding in a male patient? The patient's scrotal contents do not transilluminate. The right side of a patient's scrotum is lower than the left side. The patient's testes feel smooth, movable, and slightly sensitive to compression. The skin of the penis is thin, hairless, and darker than skin on other areas of the patient's body.

The right side of a patient's scrotum is lower than the left side. The left scrotal half is normally lower than the right due to a longer left spermatic cord. The skin of the penis is normally wrinkled, dark, and hairless. Testes normally feel smooth and are freely movable. They are also slightly tender to moderate pressure. Normal scrotal contents do not transilluminate.

In the aging male, when does infertility occur

There is no specific age; men may be fertile into their 80s and 90s

While performing a routine physical assessment, the nurse asks a patient about any difficulty in urination, any dribbling, incomplete emptying, and straining during urination. What is the reason for these questions? To determine if the patient has nocturia To distinguish phimosis from paraphimosis To find out if the patient has urinary incontinence To identify the early symptoms of an enlarging prostate

To identify the early symptoms of an enlarging prostate An increase in prostate size may block the passage of urine and cause incomplete emptying of the bladder, dribbling, and difficulty in urination. The nurse may ask about these findings during history collection to determine whether the patient has prostate enlargement. Nocturia refers to excessive urination during the night and is characterized by the urgency to urinate. Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leaking of urine, which occurs due to weakness of the pelvic floor muscles or overactivity of the detrusor muscle. Phimosis and paraphimosis are abnormal findings of the penis in which the foreskin on the glans cannot be retracted or reduced, respectively.

Which condition is caused by hyperactivity of the detrusor muscle? Nocturia Urinary retention Urge incontinence Stress incontinence

Urge incontinence The overactive detrusor muscle causes an urge to urinate, which may in turn result in the leakage of urine. This condition is referred to as urge incontinence. Nocturia is a condition in which the patient frequently wakes up during the nighttime to urinate. Any obstruction to the passage of urine causes urinary retention. Involuntary urine loss during coughing and sneezing is caused by weakness of the pelvis floor and indicates stress incontinence.

When collecting a urine sample from a patient, the nurse sees that the patient's urine is cloudy and has traces of blood. The patient reports painful urination. Which condition does the nurse suspect from these findings? Urinary tract infection Chronic kidney disease Acute urinary retention Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Urinary tract infection The normal color of the urine ranges from yellow to deep amber color and should be clear. Cloudy urine indicates the presence of urinary tract infection. Painful urination indicates dysuria, which is a symptom of urinary tract infection. Presence of blood in the urine indicates hematuria, which is a sign of severe urinary tract infection and necessitates further examination. Decreased kidney function or kidney damage indicates chronic kidney disease. A sudden inability to pass urine with bladder distention and abdominal pain indicates that the patient has acute urinary retention. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) involves hyperplasia of the prostatic cells, resulting in the formation of large, discrete nodules in the periurethral region of the prostate. Increased levels of prostate specific antigens indicate BPH. The symptoms of BPH include urinary incontinence, hesitancy, urgency, and leaking.

The nurse is reviewing the urinalysis reports of a patient. Which assessment findings does the nurse consider abnormal? Urine of pH 4 Absence of protein Absence of glucose Specific gravity of urine 1.028

Urine of pH 4 The normal pH of urine is 4.5 to 8.0; therefore, a urine pH of 4.0 is abnormal. Normally, urine does not contain protein or glucose. Hence, the absence of protein and glucose is considered normal. The specific gravity of urine normally ranges from 1.003 to 1.030; therefore, a specific gravity of 1.028 is a normal finding.

Which conditions are examples of scrotal abnormalities? Select all that apply. Varicocele Epididymitis Hypospadias Paraphimosis Spermatocele

Varicocele Epididymitis Spermatocele Varicocele, epididymitis, and spermatocele are abnormalities of the scrotum. Varicocele refers to the dilated, tortuous varicose veins in the spermatic cord caused by incompetent valves within the vein that permit the reflux of blood. Acute infection to the epididymis is known as epididymitis. Spermatocele is a cyst in the epididymis that is filled with a thin, milky fluid that contains sperm. Hypospadias and paraphimosis are abnormalities of the penis.

A patient complains of a dragging sensation in the scrotal area. On palpation, the nurse feels a "bag of worms" in the scrotum. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the patient? Hydrocele Varicocele Epididymitis Testicular tumor

Varicocele Varicocele refers to the dilation of the varicose veins in the spermatic cord, which feels like a "bag of worms" on palpation. The patient with varicocele may also experience a dragging pain in the scrotal area. Hydrocele is a nontender swelling of the testes. Epididymitis refers to a swollen and tender epididymis. A testicular tumor feels like a firm nodule on palpation.

Which complications should the nurse watch for in an infant who has undergone circumcision? Select all that apply. Penile cancer Paraphimosis Genital herpes Wound infection Urinary retention

Wound infection Urinary retention Circumcision is a nontherapeutic surgical procedure in which a part of the foreskin of the penis is removed. It reduces the risk for penile cancer, paraphimosis, and genital herpes, but may cause minor, treatable complications such as pain, swelling, wound infection, and urinary retention. Infection is generally caused by the skin flora, which multiplies due to the unhygienic environment of the infant's diaper. A tight bandage is applied to the circumcised area, which may cause obstruction to the continuous flow of urine and may result in urinary retention.

During the examination of a full-term newborn male, a finding requiring investigation would be

absent testes

H.T. has come to the clinic for a follow-up visit. Six months ago, he was started on a new medication. The class of medication is most likely to cause impotence as a side effect; therefore medication classes explored by the nurse are:

antihypertensives.

The examiner is going to inspect and palpate for a hernia. During this examination, the man is instructed to:

bear down when the examiner's finger is at the inguinal canal

Which of the following is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States

chlamydia

During palpation of the testes, the normal finding would be

firm, rubbery, and smooth

benign prostatic hyperplasia

hesitant, interrupted, weak urine stream urgency and leaking frequency

During transillumination of a scrotum, you note a nontender mass that transilluminates with a red glow. This finding is suggestive of

hydrocele

The congenital displacement of the urethral meatus to the inferior surface of the penis is

hypospadias.

A 64-year-old man has come for a health examination. A normal age-related change in the scrotum would be:

pendulous scrotum

An adhesion of the prepuce to the head of the penis, making it impossible to retract, is

phimosis

How sensitive to pressure are normal testes

somewhat

Prostatic hypertrophy occurs frequently in older men. The symptoms that may indicate this problem are

straining, loss of force, and sense of residual urine.

The first physical sign associated with puberty in boys is

testes enlargement

What problems are associated with smoking and the use of oral contraceptives

thrombophlebitis and pulmonary emboli

Testicular torsion

twisted spermatic cord, pain, swelling