Java-React-Serverless WEEK 2 Cloud Computing and EC2

What is Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a self-service model for managing remote data center infrastructures. AWS offers IaaS in the form of data centers.

Describe the following advantage of cloud computing: "Trade capital expense for variable expense."

Instead of having to invest heavily in data centers and servers before you know how you're going to use them, you can pay only when you consume computing resources, and pay only for how much you consume.

What does it mean that security groups are "stateful"?

It means that if you send a request from your instance, the response traffic for that request is allowed to flow in regardless of inbound security group rules. Responses to allowed inbound traffic are allowed to flow out, regardless of outbound rules.

What are some Major Cloud Providers?

1.) Amazon Web Services (AWS) 2.) Microsoft Azure 3.) Google Cloud Platform (GCP)

What are the 3 Models of Cloud Computing?

1.) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) 2.) Platform as a Service (PaaS) 3.) Software as a Service (SaaS)

Instructions for creating an EC2 instance:

1. Sign into AWS as a root user. Go to EC2 Dashboard. 2. Select Launch Instance. 3. Choose an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) -- (select Amazon Linux 2 AMI (HVM), SSD Volume Type - 64 bit (x86)). 4. Choose an Instance Type -- (select t2 micro (Free tier eligible)) 5. Configure Security Group: configure your security group so that you can access your EC2 instance from SSH -- (change Source to Anywhere.) 6. Proceed to launch until you are prompted to Select an existing key pair or create a new key pair. 7. Name your key pair mynewkeypair. Click Download, then click Launch Instance. 8. Your EC2 Instance has now been launched.

What are the six advantages of cloud computing?

1. Trade capital expense for variable expense. 2. Benefit from massive economies of scale. 3. Stop guessing about capacity. 4. Increase speed and agility. 5. Eliminate overhead cost of maintaining data centers 6. Go global in minutes.

Amazon EC2 provides:

1.) Virtual computing environments, known as instances 2.) Preconfigured templates for your instances, known as Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), that package the bits you need for your server (including the operating system and additional software) 3.) Various configurations of CPU, memory, storage, and networking capacity for your instances, known as instance types. 4.) Secure login information for your instances using key pairs (AWS stores the public key, and you store the private key in a secure place) 5.) A firewall that enables you to specify the protocols, ports, and source IP ranges that can reach your instances using security groups.

What is a Security Group?

A security group acts as a virtual firewall for your EC2 instances to control incoming and outgoing traffic based on their IP address. Notes about security groups: 1. Security group rules enable you to filter traffic based on protocols and port numbers. 2. Security groups are stateful. 3. You can add rules to each security group that allow traffic to or from its associated instances. You can modify the rules for a security group at any time.

what is an AMI?

AMI stands for Amazon Machine Images. They are preconfigured templates for your instances.

What is APT?

Advanced Package Tool, or APT, is a package manager used on many Linux distributions. It allows you to retrieve, configure, and install/uninstall software packages.

How do you change an instance's security groups?

After you launch an instance into a VPC, you can change the security groups that are associated with the instance. You can change the security groups for an instance when the instance is in the running or stopped state. To change the security groups for an instance using the console: 1. Open the Amazon EC2 console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/. 2. In the navigation pane, choose Instances. 3. Open the context (right-click) menu for the instance and choose Networking > Change Security Groups. 4. In the Change Security Groups dialog box, select one or more security groups from the list and choose Assign Security Groups.

What does EC2 stand for?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud

What is AWS EC2?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make web-scale cloud computing easier for developers.

What is an AWS Region?

An AWS Region is a geographical location with a collection of availability zones mapped to physical data centers in that region. Every region is physically isolated from and independent of every other region in terms of location, power, water supply, etc.

What is an availability zone?

An availability zone is a logical data center in a region available for use by any AWS customer. Each zone in an AWS region has redundant and separate power, networking and connectivity to reduce the likelihood of two zones failing simultaneously.

What is an instance?

An instance is a virtual server in the cloud. Its configuration at launch is a copy of the AMI that you specified when you launched the instance. You can launch different types of instances from a single AMI.

What is an instance type?

An instance type essentially determines the hardware of the host computer used for your instance. Each instance type offers different compute and memory capabilities.

Describe the following advantage of cloud computing: "Benefit from massive economies of scale."

By using cloud computing, you can achieve a lower variable cost than you can get on your own. Because usage from hundreds of thousands of customers is aggregated in the cloud, providers such as AWS can achieve higher economies of scale, which translates into lower pay as-you-go price.

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of compute power, database storage, applications and other IT resources through a cloud services platform via the Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. Cloud computing provides a simple way to access servers, storage, databases and a broad set of application services over the Internet.

Describe the following advantage of cloud computing: "Eliminate overhead cost of maintaining data centers."

Cloud computing lets you focus on your own customers, rather than on the heavy lifting of racking, stacking, and powering servers (infrastructure).

What is dpkg?

Debean Package is a low-level tool that manages .deb files. It was created for Debian and its derivatives.

Describe the following advantage of cloud computing: "Go global in minutes."

Easily deploy your application in multiple regions around the world with just a few clicks. This means you can provide lower latency and a better experience for your customers at minimal cost.

Describe the following advantage of cloud computing: "Stop guessing about capacity."

Eliminate guessing on your infrastructure capacity needs. When you make a capacity decision prior to deploying an application, you often end up either sitting on expensive idle resources or dealing with limited capacity.

What are package managers?

In Unix, if you wish to install software, you generally use a package manager. Examples of package managers include: 1.) Red Hat Package Manager (RPM) 2.) Advanced Package Tool (APT) 3.) The Yellowdog Updater, Modified (yum) 4.) Debean Package (dpkg)

Describe the following advantage of cloud computing: "Increase speed and agility."

In a cloud computing environment, new IT resources are only a click away, which means that you reduce the time to make those resources available to your developers from weeks to just minutes.

What is Platform as a Service (PaaS)?

Platform as a Service (PaaS) allows organizations to build, run and manage applications without the IT infrastructure. This makes it easier and faster to develop, test and deploy applications.

What is Software as a Service (SaaS)?

Software as a service (SaaS) replaces the traditional on-device software with software that is licensed on a subscription basis. It is centrally hosted in the cloud. A good example is Salesforce.com.

What is RPM?

The Red Hat Package Manager, or RPM, is a package management system that manages .rpm files. It was created for Red Hat Linux but is used in many distributions.

What is yum?

The Yellowdog Updater Modified, or yum, is a package-management utility for computers running RPM. When you create an EC2 using an Amazon Linux AMI, yum is installed. As you are most likely to run into yum when you are working with Amazon linux, here are a few examples: 1.) # update installed pacakges sudo yum update 2.) # Install git sudo yum install git 3.) # Uninstall git sudo yum remove git

Why are AWS Regions so physically isolated and interdependent of other AWS Regions?

This level of isolation is critical for workloads with compliance and data sovereignty requirements where guarantees must be made that user data does not leave a particular geographic region. The presence of AWS regions worldwide is also important for workloads that are latency-sensitive and need to be located near users in a particular geographic area.

What is the command to SSH into an EC2 instance?

ssh -i key.pem ec2-user@ipaddress