Jazz test 1
Which of the following instruments does NOT traditionally belong in a rhythm section
drums
How did Louis Armstrong change people's understanding of the blues?
established blues scales and blues feeling as the foundation of jazz style
In what way did Louis Armstrong help to shape our understanding of the role of improvisation within jazz practice
established jazz as music that prizes individual expression through solo improvisation
What was Art Hickman's main contribution to jazz style
established the saxophone section as an important component of the jazz ensemble
"Weather Bird" was an immediate hit for Louis Armstrong and Earl Hines as soon as they recorded it in 1928
false
All strains of a march are consistently the same length
false
As was common at the time, Gennett Records marketed the recordings of King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band to a black audience as race records
false
Because of Jim Crow laws, Creoles of Color and Uptown Negroes remained segregated from each other well into the twentieth century
false
Bix Beiderbecke enjoyed a long career as the most famous jazz trumpeter in America
false
Blackface minstrelsy involved only white performers
false
By the end of the 1920s, white jazz musicians were scorned and ostracized by black artists and white audiences
false
Drummers ALWAYS use drum sticks to get a sound out of the drums
false
From its earliest days, jazz was embraced across America.
false
George Gershwin cut all of his piano rolls in a single pass.
false
Harlem in the 1920s featured spacious apartments and mobility for residents.
false
Jelly Roll Morton invented jazz
false
Louis Armstrong lived a privileged childhood and was destined for success from the day he was born
false
Louis Armstrong was a featured soloist with the Duke Ellington Orchestra in the 1920s.
false
Louis Armstrong was the most popular singer of the first half of the twentieth century.
false
Louis Armstrong's Hot Five and Hot Seven bands played in public with great frequency in the late 1920s
false
Louis Armstrong's birthdate is July 4, 1900
false
New Orleans style jazz provided many opportunities for musicians to change the form of a composition through improvisation
false
Other than the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, there were no significant white performers in the New Orleans jazz tradition
false
Paul Whiteman was respected within the jazz community but otherwise largely unknown
false
Ragtime is an entirely improvised style.
false
Seventeen years after his death, Louis Armstrong had a number 1 hit with the song "Hello, Dolly."
false
The Blues in its original form was always 12 bars
false
The Fisk Jubilee Singers were best known for their polished renditions of field hollers
false
Tin Pan Alley refers to the music written for stage and cinema after the birth of rock and roll in the mid-1950s.
false
In whose big band did Coleman Hawkins play for eleven years
fletcher henderson
Most major figures in American jazz history who are not of African descent came from immigrant families for all of the following nations EXCEPT:
france
Sidney Bechet spent a large part of his career, and became a beloved national figure, in which country
france
Which instrument was most important in accompanying country blues
guitar
Which Manhattan neighborhood was referred to as "the greatest Negro city in the world"
harlem
How did Prohibition affect the jazz community
It provided abundant work opportunities for jazz musicians in illegal speakeasies
What experience did Louis Armstrong gain through his work with Fate Marable
all of the above
Which of the following is a benefit of learning jazz through recordings?
all of the above
Why is Wilbur Sweatman's "Down Home Rag" significant
It provides crucial evidence for the transition between ragtime and jazz
Which is NOT true of blackface minstrelsy
It was only performed in the American South.
What effect did technological advances in radio and recording have on the jazz community
It led audiences to stay home and obsessively listen to specific broadcasts and recordings
How many copies were sold of Paul Whiteman's first recordings
1000000
In what year did the racial dialect of Stephen Foster's "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny" lead to the song's removal as the official state song of Virginia
1997
In her fourteen-year recording career, Bessie Smith recorded approximately how many songs
200
Why are hot five and hot seven recordings important
A representation of what jazz is like
The specific combinations of musical characteristics at the heart of jazz style—including polyrhythm, blue notes, timbre variation, and call and response—are the products of which cultural group
African american
W.C. Handy
American musician and composer. He was the first person to recognize the importance of blues as a legitimate musical form and the first to publish a blues composition, "The Memphis Blues" (1911).
empress of the blues
Bessie Smith
In 1922, Joe Oliver sent Louis Armstrong a message inviting him to join Oliver's band in which northern city
Chicago
clarinet player
Counter melody
Buddy Bolden
First jazz musician & trumpet player
2nd trumpet
Harmony lines and counter melody
What was unique about Louis Armstrong's song repertory
He broadened jazz repertoire by creating masterworks based on Tin Pan Alley tunes.
All of the following are musical elements of Duke Ellington's late 1920s and early 1930s "breakthrough" EXCEPT
He focused solely on blues style.
Which best describes Freddie Keppard's historical importance
He traveled widely, spreading jazz style throughout the United State
Why did Louis Armstrong claim that his birthdate was July 4, 1900
He wanted to perform on Mississippi riverboats, but he was underag
Bid Beiderbecke
His music is hot and sweet A good dichotomy More orchestral
leader of hell fighter
James Reese Europe
brass band leader
John Phillip sousa
In 1918, Louis Armstrong replaced Joe Oliver in the band led by
Kid Ory
Which is NOT a reason why the change from acoustic to electrical recording was significant for jazz
Live recording on location became the standard practice for jazz recording
Louis Armstrong's "Hotter Than That" features which musician as a guest
Lonnie Johnson, guitarist
Which musician was NOT a featured soloist with the Paul Whiteman orchestra
Louis armstrong
Which trumpet player made a strong impact on Coleman Hawkins's tenor saxophone style
Louis armstrong
mother of blues
Ma Rainey
Which borough of New York has been the focus of American jazz culture since the 1920s?
Manhattan
Who led the Onward Brass Band, a group that blended Creole sophistication with improvisational artistry
Manuel Perez
Fletcher Henderson served as a musical mentor for all of the following musicians EXCEPT
Miles Davis
Later in his career, Louis Armstrong had great success in all of the following international locations EXCEPT
Moscow
Is ragtime improvised
Most is written down
Ragtime music features
Much syncopation - 2/4 meter - A lively tempo - d. major keys
trumpet player
Play the melody
What does trumbone player plaY
Plays root notes fundamental
composer of piano rags
Scott Joplin
Sidney Bouchet
Suprano saxaphone
In acoustic recordings such as the ones made at Gennett studios, how was the relative volume of the instruments adjusted
The musicians adjusted their volume by their physical placement in the studio during the recording.
Which of the following parts of America's entertainment infrastructure formed in late-nineteenth-century New York?
all of the above
In "polishing" the rural blues that he heard in Mississippi, W. C. Handy did which of the following
all the above
Which is NOT true of the Austin High Gang
Their ranks included only horn players.
Why are Jelly Roll Morton's 1923 recording sessions with the New Orleans Rhythm Kings significant
They are the first significant racially integrated jazz recording session
Buddy Bolden's repertoire demonstrates what characteristic of professional musicians of the period
They could play a wide variety of styles and tempos using both notation and improvisation.
All of the following are true of "race records" EXCEPT
They did not sell many copies.
Which of the following was true of the social position of Uptown Negroes in nineteenth-century New Orleans
They were considered by other social groups to be unprofessional.
How did the "animal dance" crazes differ from popular dances of earlier eras?
They were uninhibited in their lower body movements
What was the instrumentation of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band
cornet, clarinet, trombone, piano, drums
Freddie Keppard
Turned down the opportunity to become the first musician to make a jazz record. Trumpet Becomes inspiration for shift from New Orleans to Chicago
A short solo improvisation at the end of a phrase in New Orleans jazz is called
a break
What is a rent party
a fundraising party to help the host pay his or her rent
The saxophonist in the Lincoln Center video played
a tenor saxophone
Paul Whiteman
a white band leader who played jazz for white audiences King of jazz
Which element of Tin Pan Alley songs made them into a modern body of American standards
advanced harmonies
According the the Jazz at Lincoln Center video, what is Swing
all of the above
In what setting did brass bands perform
all of the above
Which of the following describes Earl Hines's approach to rhythm
an idiosyncratic style that played constant games with the rhythmic pulse
All of the following factors were causes of the Great Migration EXCEPT
an increasing reliance on agricultural labor
Which African American musical genre involved the retelling of local history in song
ballad
At what sorts of events did the majority of New York jazz musicians perform in the 1920s
ballroom dances
A measure of 4/4 swing emphasizes
beats 2 and 4
All of the following are aspects of Louis Armstrong's legacy EXCEPT
became the most influential composer in the jazz community
Which describes the racial dynamics of Fletcher Henderson's engagement at the Roseland Ballroom
black ensembles playing for white audiences
The ballad tempo of "Singin' the Blues" is novel, because such slow tempos were usually reserved for performances in which genre
blues
The most distinctive feature of New Orleans jazz is
collective improvisation
W. C. Handy's initial appreciation of the blues was based on its:
commercial appeal
The authors cite scholar Lawrence Levine in support of an interpretation of the blues as an expression of
individualism
In what way was Louis Armstrong's approach to rhythm innovative
introduced an energetic, joyful approach to swing
What was unusual about the front line of King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band
it featured two cornets
When James Reese Europe's Hellfighters performed in ballrooms for social dances, what type of instrumentation did they use
large military-style band
What did Louis Armstrong's second wife, musician Lil Hardin, encourage him to do
leave King Oliver's band and establish himself as a bandleader
Members of Louis Armstrong's Hot Five
lil hardin (piano) Kid ory (trombone) Johnny dodds (clarinet) Johnny cyr (banjo) Louis(trumpet/vocals)
Louis Armstrong's Hot Five and Hot Seven recordings updated conventional ideas about small group jazz in all of the following ways EXCEPT
limited improvisations to two- and four-measure breaks
Ragtime Music
music popular from 1900-1920 that that preceded jazz, was influenced by African American songs and featured syncopated, or "ragged," rhythm
Arranger Bill Challis included all of the following in his arrangement of "Changes" EXCEPT:
novelty percussion
In the front line of a New Orleans ensemble, the clarinet typically
plays a harmony or counter-melody line
In the front line of a New Orleans ensemble, the trumpet typically
plays the melody
In the front line of a New Orleans ensemble, the trombone typically
plays the root notes or lower fundamentals
On Bessie Smith's "Reckless Blues," which household item does Louis Armstrong use to modify the timbre of his trumpet
plunger
New Orleans jazz primarily featured which of the following musical textures?
polyphonic—collective improvisation
Which is the trumpet or cornet's role in the New Orleans jazz band
present the melody with improvised variations
What was the form of most New Orleans jazz compositions
rag form
What is the overall musical form of Fletcher Henderson's "Copenhagen"
ragtime/march form
"Stride" refers to which aspect of a pianist's performance
regular left-hand alternation between bass notes and chords
On "One Hour," Coleman Hawkins demonstrated a new approach to jazz saxophone through his use of
relaxed, expressive legato playing
Jelly Roll Morton's Red Hot Peppers recordings are significant because they
represent an ideal balance between composition and improvisation
Tin Pan Alley gave birth to which of the following careers
rofessional songwriter
Timbre of a sound can be described as
round/harsh
Nineteenth-century New Orleans shows the influence of all of the following cultures EXCEPT
russian
idney Bechet is responsible for establishing this instrument as a jazz instrument:
saxophone
Louis Armstrong took a controversial public stand on which civil rights issue?
segregation
The short, detached articulation prominent at the beginning of "Dixie Jass Band One-Step" is referred to as
staccato
A single sixteen-bar unit within a march is known as a
strain
Which aspect of Buddy Bolden's playing did contemporary observers note most often
the loudness of his playing
Great Migration
the relocation of more than 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North, Midwest and West from 1916 to 1970, had a huge impact on urban life in the United States. Go to Chicago and New York
Which band did Bix Beiderbecke join in 1923
the wolverines
How did Scott Joplin make most of the money to support his compositional career
through publishing royalties
What was Paul Whiteman's goal with his "An Experiment in Modern Music" concert of 1924
to reveal that jazz elements could form the foundation of highbrow art music
What does it mean to "rag" a piece of music
to subject it to a process of rhythmic complication
Match each number to the correct instrumentation of Fletcher Henderson's big band.
trombones-2-3 reeds -5 vocal soloists-0 rhythm section-4 trumpets-3
Buddy Bolden is widely considered the first jazz musician to develop a distinct personal style
true
Country blues artists used musical form more flexibly than vaudeville or classic blues artists did
true
During the Civil Rights era, Louis Armstrong became deeply invested in American politics
true
In 1924, Louis Armstrong worked extensively with blues singers such as Bessie Smith
true
In large part because of the legacy of minstrelsy, white audiences expected black jazz performers to enact characteristics of the performing fool
true
In nineteenth-century America, people were legally considered black if their heritage included a "single drop" of black blood
true
In the early twentieth century, classically trained black musicians went into jazz because of racial discrimination in the classical music world
true
Jazz is considered African American music because its folk origins are most commonly traced to black American roots
true
King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band favored collective improvisation over soloistic features
true
Louis Armstrong's recordings did not sell nearly as well as those of his white contemporaries
true
Ragtime compositions share many formal elements with the march
true
Recordings of black music and marketed to black audiences were referred to as "race records" until the 1940s
true
The Blues is the foundation of most American popular music.
true
The Cotton Club, where the Duke Ellington Orchestra played, admitted African Americans as performers but not as patrons
true
The Fletcher Henderson Orchestra's instrumentation remains a standard for modern jazz ensembles
true
The Original Dixieland Jazz Band helped to popularize jazz in Europe
true
The majority of Tin Pan Alley songs were composed by songwriting teams of composers and lyricists.
true
The majority of Uptown Negroes could not read music
true
The majority of jazz performers have belonged to ethnic minorities
true
The solos by Frank Trumbauer and Bix Beiderbecke on "Singin' the Blues" are believed to be the first jazz solos to which lyrics were later added by later musicians
true
The trombonist in a New Orleans jazz band usually plays fewer notes than the clarinetist
true
When Louis Armstrong began performing with King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, his brilliant trumpet timbre was a revelation to other Chicago musicians.
true
Which instruments are included in the front line of a New Orleans jazz band
trumpet, clarinet, trombone
Unusual about king Oliver's frontline
two trumpets
the first blues musician was
unknown
Louis Armstrong's performance in Shine
uses minstrel imagery and tropes, but also demonstrates his mastery of the trumpet and captivating stage presence
Which best describes Louis Armstrong's innovative approach to singing
with his scat vocals and his delivery of lyrics, introduced a true jazz vocal style
