JB learning - cardiology

V-Fib

disorganized, chaotic quivering of the heart muscle that does not generate a pulse

A patient reports pain in the upper midabdominal area. This region of the abdomen is called the:

epigastrium. Called this bc of location over the stomach

A patient who is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction:

has chest pain or discomfort that does not change with each breath.

The energy setting for a biphasic AED:

is manufacturer specific. typically ranges from 120 to 200 joules

Asystole

is the absence of all cardiac electrical and mechanical activity.

The pain associated with acute aortic dissection:

is typically described as a stabbing or tearing sensation. Aortic dissection occurs when the inner layers of the aorta become separated, allowing blood to flow between the layers at high pressure

Nitroglycerin doses

nitroglycerin should be given in 5-minute intervals, generally up to three doses.

Your assessment of a middle-aged female with chest pressure reveals that she is confused, is diaphoretic, and has a blood pressure of 70/50 mm Hg. In caring for this patient, it is MOST important for you to:

prepare for immediate transport to the hospital as the patient is in shock

The chest pain associated with an acute coronary syndrome is often described as:

pressure.

A 50-year-old man's implanted defibrillator has fired twice within the last hour. He is conscious and alert and complains of a "sore chest." Further assessment reveals that his chest pain is reproducible to palpation and is localized to the area of his implanted defibrillator. Treatment for him should include:

prompt transport with continuous monitoring en route.

V-tach

pulseless ventricular tachycardia

After administering nitroglycerin to a patient with chest discomfort, it is MOST important for you to:

reassess the patient's blood pressure within 5 minutes.

The position of comfort for a patient with nontraumatic chest pain MOST commonly is:

semi-fowler

The wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart is called the:

septum

You arrive at the scene shortly after a 55-year-old man collapsed. Two bystanders are performing CPR. Your FIRST action should be to:

stop CPR so you can assess breathing and pulse.

After assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin, you would NOT expect him or her to experience a:

syncopal episode Nitroglycerin (NTG) dilates the coronary arteries, thus increasing oxygen supply to the heart and relieving a cardiac patient's chest pain. Could have hypotension

When the vital organs of an 85-year-old patient need additional blood flow, the heart may not be able to meet the increased need because:

the reserve capacity of the heart is reduced as a person ages.

pericardium

the sac that surrounds the heart and contains pericardial fluid.

Mediastinum

the space between the lungs in which the heart, great vessels, and a portion of the esophagus lie

Ischemic heart disease is a condition in which:

there is a decrease in blood flow to one or more portions of the heart muscle.

Prior to being reoxygenated in the lungs, blood passes through the:

tricuspid and pulmonic valves.

A patient whose artificial pacemaker has failed would MOST likely experience:

weakness and bradycardia.

ED meds

(Viagra) sildenafil, (Levitra) vardenafil, and (Cialis) tadalafil

Vena Cavae

(superior and inferior) return oxygen-poor blood from the body back to the right atrium, where it is pumped to the right ventricle and then to the lungs. The left atrium receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs and then pumps it to the left ventricle, through the aorta, and to the body.

Which of the following patients would MOST likely present with vague or unusual symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction?

72-year-old female with diabetes Old and diabetic women their only presenting complaint may be fatigue or syncope

Enteric coated aspirin

Do not give to patients as it takes too long to dissolve

In which of the following situations would nitroglycerin MOST likely be administered?

History of cardiac bypass surgery

Which of the following chambers of the heart has the thickest walls?

Left ventricle It does most of the work; therefore, it has the thickest walls. A palpable pulse represents left ventricular contraction.Because the left ventricle does most of the work for the heart, it demands and consumes a significant amount of oxygen. This makes it the most common site for a heart attack (acute myocardial infarction).

Pulseless Electrical Activity

PEA is a condition in which organized cardiac electrical activity is present despite the absence of a pulse

Which of the following assessment findings is LEAST suggestive of a cardiac problem?

Palpable pain to the chest suggests a musculoskeletal problem, not a cardiac problem

Freshly oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the:

Pulmonary vein It carries blood from the lungs back to the left atrium.

In most people, the inferior aspect of the left ventricle receives its blood supply from the:

Right coronary artery The right coronary artery (RCA) supplies blood to the entire right side of the heart; in most people, it also supplies blood to the inferior aspect of the left ventricle.

You are assessing a 70-year-old male who complains of pain in both of his legs. He is conscious and alert, has a blood pressure of 160/90 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 14 breaths/min and unlabored. Further assessment reveals edema to both of his feet and legs and jugular venous distention. This patient's primary problem is MOST likely:

Right heart failure This causes edema, but not pulmonary edema fluid collects in the body (edema), often showing in the feet and legs.

Which of the following structures is the primary pacemaker, which sets the normal rate for the heart?

Sinoatrial node

The chest pain associated with a spontaneous pneumothorax or pulmonary embolism is often described as:

Stabbing or sharp

After restoring a pulse in a cardiac arrest patient, you begin immediate transport. While en route to the hospital, the patient goes back into cardiac arrest. You should:

Tell your partner to stop the ambulance If cardiac arrest recurs, you should immediately tell your partner to stop the ambulance and assist you as you begin CPR. Remember that the AED will not analyze the cardiac rhythm if the patient is moving.

Which of the following would be the MOST effective way of minimizing the detrimental effects associated with acute coronary syndrome?

Transport the patient rapidly, using lights and siren Traveling at a high rate of speed with lights flashing and siren blasting would clearly increase the patient's anxiety and the heart's demand for oxygen.

Sudden cardiac arrest in the adult population MOST often is the result of:

a cardiac dysrhythmia

Following administration of nitroglycerin to a man with crushing chest pressure, he experiences a significant increase in his heart rate. This is MOST likely the result of:

a drop in blood pressure Nitroglycerin (NTG) is a vasodilator drug. It dilates not only the coronary arteries, but also other arteries in the body. In some patients, NTG may cause a drop in blood pressure, especially if they are taking other medications that cause vasodilation In response to a drop in blood pressure, the nervous system attempts to compensate by increasing the heart rate

A 65-year-old man has generalized weakness and chest pressure. He has a bottle of prescribed nitroglycerin, but states that he has not taken any of his medication. The EMT should:

administer up to 325 mg of aspirin if the patient is not allergic to it.

The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries that branch directly from the:

aorta The aorta, which is the largest artery in the human body, originates immediately from the left ventricle. The coronary arteries branch directly off of the ascending aorta, thus allowing the myocardium to receive blood that has the highest concentration of oxygen.

In addition to chest pain or discomfort, a patient experiencing an acute coronary syndrome would MOST likely present with:

ashen skin color, diaphoresis, and anxiety. Chest pain, pressure, or discomfort is the most common symptom of acute coronary syndrome (ACS; eg, unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction);

After defibrillating a man in cardiac arrest, you resume CPR. As you are about to reanalyze his cardiac rhythm 2 minutes later, your partner tells you she can definitely feel a strong carotid pulse. You should:

assess the patient's breathing effort. If return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) occurs, your first action should be to reassess the patient's airway status and breathing effort. If the patient is still apneic or is breathing inadequately, continue ventilations and frequently reassess his or her pulse.

A 60-year-old woman presents with chest discomfort, confusion, and weakness. The patient's husband tells you that she vomited twice before EMS arrival. The patient's BP is 70/40 mm Hg, her pulse is 45 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 14 breaths/min and unlabored. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of her hypotension?

bradycardia