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interest group

is a collection of individuals or organizations that share a common interest and advocate or work for public policies on behalf of the members' shared interests. For these reasons, interest groups are also called advocacy groups, lobbying groups, pressure groups, or even special interest groups

Compare and contrast the purpose of private and public interest groups. Be able to recognize examples of each.

A private good is something of value whose benefits can be limited to those who have paid for itA public good is something of value whose benefits cannot be limited to those individuals who have actually paid for it.

professional association

A professional association (also called a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is usually a nonprofit organization seeking to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals engaged in that profession and the public interest.

single issue groups

A single-issue party is a political party that campaigns on only one issue. Such a party is rarely successful in gaining elected office. It is generally believed that single-issue parties are favoured by voluntary voting systems, as they tend to attract very committed supporters who will always vote.

Agenda Building

Agenda building is the process by which new issues are brought to the attention of political decision-makers. There is a seemingly unlimited supply of problems or issues that someone or some group thinks the government should do something about

amicus curiae brief

Amicus Curiae. Latin for "friend of the court." Frequently, a person or group who is not a party to a lawsuit, but has a strong interest in the matter, will petition the court for permission to submit a brief in the action with the intent of influencing the court's decision.

business group

Business. Businesses such as General Motors, Microsoft, and Boeing lobby to influence public policy regarding employment, workplace safety, the environment, taxes, and trade policy, among others.

economic interest group

Economic interest groups are one of the five broad categories of interest groups in the US. These groups advocate for the economic interest and benefits of their members. Economic interest groups are varied and for and given issue there will be large number of competing interest groups.

grassroots lobbying

Grassroots lobbying is an approach that separates itself from direct lobbying through the act of asking the general public to contact legislators and government officials concerning the issue at hand, as opposed to conveying the message to the legislators directly.

ideological groups

Ideological interest groups unite on issues, with their work driven by deeply held beliefs.

free rider problem

In economics, the free rider problem refers to a situation where some individuals in a population either consume more than their fair share of a common resource, or pay less than their fair share of the cost of a common resource.

issue network

Issue networks are an alliance of various interest groups and individuals who unite in order to promote a single issue in government policy.

What was the question posed in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission? How did the Supreme Court rule? What are the impacts of this ruling?

Justice Kennedy's majority opinion[21] found that the BCRA §203 prohibition of all independent expenditures by corporations and unions violated the First Amendment's protection of free speech. The majority wrote, "If the First Amendment has any force, it prohibits Congress from fining or jailing citizens, or associations of citizens, for simply engaging in political speech."[22]

lobbyist

Lobbyists are the individuals who represent and advocate on behalf of an interest group.

trade association

They are interest groups that represent business generally, or small business specifically, or the manufacturing sector specifically. The number of such business groups and their local, state, and national influence make them one of the more important political forces in U.S. politics. Business groups are generally members of the Republican Party coalition.

think tank

Think tanks are organizations that are primarily interested in researching and promoting ideas. It is appropriate to think of think tanks as "think-and-do" tanks because they are interested in thought that produces action.

List some of the alternate labels for an interest group.

factions, mischiefs

political action committee (PAC)

an organization that raises money privately to influence elections or legislation, especially at the federal level.

labor union

that represent individuals who work on farms or the agricultural sector, manufacturing such as steel and auto manufacturing), and individuals who work in the service sector. Union membership in the U.S. is low, particularly compared with membership in other industrial democracies.