JLMC 242: Infographics
1. Statistical 2. Nonstatistical
2 types of infographics
1. Chart 2. Data maps
2 types of statistical infographics
1. Content 2. Visuals 3. Knowledge
3 components of an infographic
1. Appeal 2. Comprehension 3. Retention
3 main goals of communication that infographics help to achieve
1. Contextual 2. Perceptive 3. Cognitive
3 things that infographics are
1. Have fresh, reliable data 2. Tell a story 3. Keep it simple
3 things that infographics should have
1. Statistics 2. Time Frame 3. References
3 things that make up the content component of an infographic
1. Reference icons 2. Color coding 3. Graphics
3 things that make up the visual component of an infographic
1. Data determines complexity 2. Infographics are not art 3. Takes time 4. form always follows function
4 rules for creating infographics
1. Visual 2. Organization 3. Color 4. Typography
4 skills that you need to create an infographic
1. Charts 2. Networks 3. Processes 4. Time 5. Maps
5 things that regardless of type, virtually all infographics show at least one of
1. Graph paper 2. Pencils 3. Markers 4. Web-based creators (piktochart, easel.ly and visual.ly) 4. Illustrator 5. InDesign
5 tools used to create infographics
1. Line chart 2. Area chart 3. Sparkline 4. Bar/column chart 5. Pie chart 6. Pictograph
6 types of charts
1. Fact box 2. Table 3. Locator map 4. Explanatory map 5. Diagram 6. Timeline
6 types of nonstatistical infographics
1. TV 2. Education (diagrams) 3. Personal expression 4. Humor 5. Business documents 6. Data comparisons/ conceptual
6 ways that infographics are used
Data
A good infographic should not degrade the _______
Tree
A historical infographic that showed the history of the US in a tree looks complex but is really compact
Infographic (News graphics)
A visual representation combining aesthetics and data to present technical or complex information quickly and clearly
Question
All infographics should start with a _______
Data
Always use fresh reliable ________ when making an infographic and check where it is coming from
Infographic
An ____ should be able to stand on its own and not need text to be able to be understood
Story; question
An infographic should be clear on what ______ it is telling and how it is answering a ______
Florence Nightengale
Author of the infographic that made it standard to have medications on the battle field; showed how many soldiers died to disease and that it was the biggest killer with colored pie charts
Stacked
Bar/column charts may be ____ to show percentages of a whole and how it has many pieces
Pictograph
Chart type that can be seen as insulting the intelligence of the viewer
Bar/Column chart
Chart type that displays series of data side-by-side for comparisons
Area chart
Chart type that is a line chart with the area under the line filled for emphasis
Sparkline
Chart type that is commonly used with financial data
Pictograph
Chart type that should be used sparingly because the icons may be misleading, since you may have to use part of one
Pie Chart
Chart type that shows percentages of a whole
Line chart
Chart type that shows trends over time along with specific data points
Sparkline
Chart type that shows trends over times without specific data points
Knowledge
Component of an infographic that includes facts that are on it and deductions you can make from the data
Content
Component of an infographic that includes statistics, timeframe, references (citations)
Visuals
Component of an infographic that includes the icons used, color, graphics, and typography
Question + visual data + context= story
Equation for infographics
Facts + deductions= knowledge
Equation for the knowledge component of an infographic
Visual
Good _____ skills means that you understand how people make sense of theory
1626
In ____ infographics were used to create the first planetary system image
1878
In _____ an infographic was used show chemical bonds
700 BC
In _______ ceremonial cave wall painting were created to tell a story through images; the first infographics
Visual representation
In an infographic the story and the data being told are always more important than the _________
Data
In an infographic you _____ determines its complexity
Napoleon's march to Russia
Infographic created in 1872 that is considered a masterpiece; has a lot of information on it including troop size, location, temperature)
Table
Infographic type that be either nonstatistical or statistical ad contain numeric and nonnumeric data
Table
Infographic type that is ordered rows and columns of information
Everywhere
Infographics are _____ now today
Contextual
Infographics are _____ which is the intended message vs. context
Cognitive
Infographics are ______ which is how the viewer understands; make sure you talk to people at their level
Perceptive
Infographics are __________ which is new information vs. known information
Art
Infographics are not _______
Simplify
Infographics do not ___ information they clarify it
How; why
Infographics satisfy the journalistic mission to educate by explaining the ___ and _____ of a story
Precise; accurate
Infographics should be a ____ and ____ when displaying data
Filler
Infographics should never be used simply as ____ or to pretty up a page
Text
Infographics should not be used just to break up ______
Diagrams; proportions
Infographics should not distort data by using simple _______ and respecting ____ when showing it
Time
It takes ____ to create good infographic
Simple
Keep infographics as ____ as possible without talking down to your audience
100
Make sure that the values in pie chart add up to ______
Weather map
Most common type of data map
USA Today
News source that created the weather map
USA today
News source that is seen as the leader in the use of infographics; have short articles with lots of infographics
Locator map
Nonstatisical infographic type that is a non data map showing a simplified design of a geographic area
Explanatory map
Nonstatisitcal infographic that is a non data map showing where something occurred and the series of events leading up to it; used in TV news
Diagram
Nonstatisitical infographic that reveals details of how things work
Fact box
Nonstatistical infographic that contains key points summarizing a story; resembles journalistic sidebar; rarely stands alone and simply supplements a story
Timeline
Nonstatistical infographic that shows the historical evolution of one selected topic
65%
Percent of people that are visual learners
60%
Percent of the brain that is dedicated to vision
Text
Some infographics can stand alone-- they don't need to go with ________
Data Map
Statistical infographic that has visuals combining geographic information with numeric data
Chart
Statistical infographic type that displays numerical information concisely; shows trends visually
Interactive
The New York times has a lot of _____ infographics that you can click on and change things on
Weather map
The ______ is the most imitated feature in American journalism
Abstract
The less you know about a topic the more ____ the infographic representation should be
Resume
Today infographics can even be used on a _____, but should be used sparingly and best for showing skill level
1. Title 2. Sources
Two components that all infographics need
1. Flat 2. Exploded
Two types of pie charts
Pictograph
Type of chart that uses icons to indicate data
Infographics
USA today used _____ more than anything else in their news reporting
Form; Function
When creating an infographic always remember that ____ always follows ______
Data; goal
When creating an infographic always start with the ____ and _____ of the infographic and then think of the best way to show it-- not the other way around
Infographics
You can combine different ______ together
Bar
_____ charts are horizontal side by side comparison charts
Column
_____ charts are vertical side by side comparison charts
Photoshop
_____ isn't used much to create infographics because you can't scale the image up and down easily