Joints
ligament
Connects bone to bone
tendon
Connects muscle to bone
hinge joint
The ankle joint is an example of a
hinge joint
The elbow is an example of a
joint capsule
The fibrous tissue that encloses a joint.
gliding joint
The joint between the carpals and tarsals is a
Gomphosis
The joint between the teeth and their socket is called a
cartilaginous joint: symphysis
The joints between the vertebrae are an example of a
Gomphoses
attachment of a tooth to its socket
What type of joint has the greatest range of motion?
ball and socket joint
biaxial joint
bones are free to move in two planes around two axes (two directions), ex: Condyloid and Saddle - flexion/extension & abduction/adduction
Syndesmoses
bones connected by ligaments
fibrous joints
consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together
Amphiarthrosis
slightly movable joint
fibrous joint
A suture is an example of a(n) (2)
cartilaginous joint
A synchondrosis, such as that between the ribs and the sternum is an example of a (3)
hinge joint
Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane
uniaxial joint
hinge, pivot
plantar flexion
pointing toes downward
Reposition
return to anatomical position (of thumb)
condylar joint
a shallow ball-and-socket joint with limited mobility
cartilaginous joints
allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage
gliding joint
allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles
multiaxial joint
ball and socket
Rotation
circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint
Flexion
decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together
Hyperextension
extension beyond anatomical position
fibrous joint: syndesmosis
joint in which a ligament unites two bony surfaces (i.e. paired bones of the lower leg)
synovial membrane
membrane lining the capsule of a joint
Depression
movement in an inferior direction
Elevation
movement of a body part superiorly
Dorsiflexion
movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
Supination
movement that turns the palm up
Protraction
moving a body part forward (i.e. jutting out your jaw)
Retraction
moving a part backward (pulling the chin backward)
pivot joint
rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and humerus
plane joint
short slipping or gliding movements; i.e. carpals
articular capsule
sleevelike structure around a synovical joint composed of a fibrous capsule and synovial membrane
Extension
straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased
Synchondrosis
-bones are bound by hyaline cartialge -Ex. rib attachment to sternum by costal cartilage
Miniscus
Fibrocartilage behind petalla
immovable
Fibrous joints are mostly
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
condylar joint
The radiocarpal joint (wrist) is an example of a
Inversion
Turning the sole of the foot inward
Bursae
flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid
Diarthrosis
freely movable joint
synovial joints
freely movable joints
fibrous joints
generally immovable
ball and socket joint
hip and shoulder joints, multi axial
Synarthrosis
immovable joint
Meniscus
in the knee, two wedges of cartilage that extend inward from the left and right (#4 in the diagram)
suture
interlocking line of union between bones
shoulder and hip are what type of joint
synovial ball and socket joint
Circumduction
the circular movement at the far end of a limb
Articulation
the location where two bones meet is called a joint or an
joint cavity
the space between two connecting bones
opposition
thumb movement toward fingers or palm (grasping)
Pronation
turning the palm downward
Eversion
turning the sole of the foot outward
synovial joints
type of freely movable (diarthrotic) joints
saddle joint
type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation