Journalism

When writing a soft lead, you should A.not include a nut graph. B.include a nut graph within the first three to five paragraphs. C.use the nut graph as the first paragraph. D.save the nut graph until the end

B.include a nut graph within the first three to five paragraphs.

If referring to the group that committed the attacks on the United States on Sept. 11, 2001, the proper term to use would be A.Muslim extremists. B.Islamic extremists. C.al-Qaida terrorists. D.Islamic terrorists.

C.al-Qaida terrorists

The focus of a story is A.an interesting anecdote or unusual fact that gets the reader to focus on the story. B.the first thing that happened. C.the last thing that happened. D.the main idea of the story.

D.the main idea of the story.

The best defense for a reporter in a libel suit is A.attributing any accusations to sources. B.keeping good, detailed notes. C.the Fifth Amendment. D.the truth.

D.the truth.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.The passers-by stopped to gawk at the accident. B.The passer-bys stopped to gawk at the accident.

A.The passers-by stopped to gawk at the accident.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.The principle of free speech is guaranteed by the First Amendment. B.The principal of free speech is guaranteed by the First Amendment.

A.The principle of free speech is guaranteed by the First Amendment.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.A committee of 10 students was selected to judge the entries. B.A committee of 10 students were selected to judge the entries.

A.A committee of 10 students was selected to judge the entries.

To find jobs and internships, it's important to A.All of these are ways to find internships. B.check with your professors and investigate programs open to college students. C.have clips or work samples that have been published in campus media or other sources. D.look on electronic job boards and online databases.

A.All of these are ways to find internships.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.By the time you are ready to retire, the Social Security system could be bankrupt. B.By the time you are ready to retire, the social security system could be bankrupt.

A.By the time you are ready to retire, the Social Security system could be bankrupt.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.Everyone I know is going to the basketball game. B.Every one I know is going to the basketball game.

A.Everyone I know is going to the basketball game.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.I wish you would take my name off the story. B.I wish you would take my name off of the story.

A.I wish you would take my name off the story.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.If I were in your position, I would have talked to the professor about my grade. B.If I was in your position, I would have talked to the professor about my grade.

A.If I were in your position, I would have talked to the professor about my grade.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.If you head south, you will get to the border of Texas. B.If you head South, you will get to the border of Texas.

A.If you head south, you will get to the border of Texas.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.It's going to be an easy test. B.Its going to be an easy test.

A.It's going to be an easy test.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.Jeremy is the student who got the highest grade. B.Jeremy is the student that got the highest grade.

A.Jeremy is the student who got the highest grade.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.She won the Pulitzer Prize in the 1990s. B.She won the Pulitzer Prize in the 1990's.

A.She won the Pulitzer Prize in the 1990s.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.Some of your professors may have grown up during the 1960s. B.Some of your professors may have grown up during the 1960's.

A.Some of your professors may have grown up during the 1960s.

This question has two items to pay attention to. Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.The U.S. economy was very prosperous in the 1990s. B.The U.S. economy was very prosperous in the 1990's. C.The United States economy was very prosperous in the 1990s.

A.The U.S. economy was very prosperous in the 1990s.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.The class meets at 5:30 p.m. B.The class meets at 5:30 P.M.

A.The class meets at 5:30 p.m.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.When I find out the names of the students who won the contest, I will announce the winners in class. B.When I find out the names of the students that won the contest, I will announce the winners

A.When I find out the names of the students who won the contest, I will announce the winners in class.

Experience on a résumé is usually listed in what order? A.from most recent to your first job B.from your first job to the most recent C.alphabetically D.in order of importance for the job you're looking for

A.from most recent to your first job

In follow-up stories on tragedies, include the details of the tragedy A.in the lead or the top few paragraphs, as appropriate, if a feature-type lead is used. B.in a sidebar, so as not to clutter up the main story. C.in the lead, always, to remind people of the impact. D.nowhere. People know what happened, so you don't need to repeat these details.

A.in the lead or the top few paragraphs, as appropriate, if a feature-type lead is used.

Profiles should A.use a soft lead, like descriptive or anecdotal leads. B.always have a news lead. C.be organized in the inverted pyramid style. D.only be written using the sections technique.

A.use a soft lead, like descriptive or anecdotal leads

When writing an obituary, A.using information that the deceased person posted on social media might help reveal his or her character, but it should be used only with permission. B.including links in your story to the person's social media pages is illegal because it is considered an invasion of privacy. C.you can use information from Facebook, but not YouTube, because of copyright laws. D.it is unethical to use information that the deceased person posted on social media, even with permission.

A.using information that the deceased person posted on social media might help reveal his or her character, but it should be used only with permission.

The questions that elicit the most quotes and anecdotes start with all of the following EXCEPT A.when. B.why. C.how. D.what.

A.when.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.A fight about the dog was the principle cause of their divorce. B.A fight about the dog was the principal cause of their divorce.

B.A fight about the dog was the principal cause of their divorce.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.A good portfolio will effect your final grade. B.A good portfolio will affect your final grade.

B.A good portfolio will affect your final grade.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.After studying for three hours, the test still seemed hard. B.After studying for three hours, she said the test still seemed hard.

B.After studying for three hours, she said the test still seemed hard.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.Any one who studies should pass this test. B.Anyone who studies should pass this test.

B.Anyone who studies should pass this test.

The "what if" technique of reporting on disaster and tragedy forces reporters to do which of the following? A.Ask victims the question, "What if you hadn't come here today—what would your life be like?" B.Ask themselves the question, "What if I were in this person's place—what would I want to know?" C.Ask officials the question, "What if you had done something different to prevent this?" D.Ask first responders the question, "What if you had responded differently?"

B.Ask themselves the question, "What if I were in this person's place—what would I want to know?"

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.Since you have done outstanding work, you will receive an A. B.Because you have done outstanding work, you will receive an A in the course.

B.Because you have done outstanding work, you will receive an A in the course.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.By swerving the car off the road, the moose avoided being killed. B.By swerving the car off the road, she avoided killing the moose.

B.By swerving the car off the road, she avoided killing the moose.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.Do you know who's disk was left in the computer? B.Do you know whose disk was left in the computer?

B.Do you know whose disk was left in the computer?

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.He has a part time job after school. B.He has a part-time job after school.

B.He has a part-time job after school.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.I gave her one hundred dollars. B.I gave her $100. C.I gave her 100 dollars.

B.I gave her $100.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.My textbook is the one, which is used for the introductory writing course. B.My textbook is the one that is used for the introductory writing course.

B.My textbook is the one that is used for the introductory writing course.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.One of my favorite Web developing programs is Macromedia's "Dreamweaver." B.One of my favorite Web developing programs is Macromedia's Dreamweaver.

B.One of my favorite Web developing programs is Macromedia's Dreamweaver.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.She pled not guilty to the charges. B.She pleaded not guilty to the charges.

B.She pleaded not guilty to the charges.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.The 12 year old girl broke her wrist in school. B.The 12-year-old girl broke her wrist in school. C.The twelve-year-old girl broke her wrist in school.

B.The 12-year-old girl broke her wrist in school.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.The supreme court ruled that Internet service providers are not responsible for libelous information posted by people who use their services. B.The Supreme Court ruled that Internet service providers are not responsible for libelous information posted by people who use their services.

B.The Supreme Court ruled that Internet service providers are not responsible for libelous information posted by people who use their services.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.The balloon race was canceled because the winds were only five mph. B.The balloon race was canceled because the winds were only 5 mph.

B.The balloon race was canceled because the winds were only 5 mph.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.The dog who bit the student was checked for rabies. B.The dog that bit the student was checked for rabies.

B.The dog that bit the student was checked for rabies.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.The students were hoping this would be there last style test. B.The students were hoping this would be their last style test. C.The students were hoping this would be they're last style test.

B.The students were hoping this would be their last style test.

Per the 2014 style guide, which of the following is correct. A.There are greater than 18 questions on this test. B.There are over 18 questions on this test.

B.There are over 18 questions on this test.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.When he was three years old, the boy learned to make a Web page. B.When he was 3 years old, the boy learned to make a Web page. C.When he was 3-years-old, the boy learned to make a Web page.

B.When he was 3 years old, the boy learned to make a Web page.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.Who's book was left in the lab? B.Whose book was left in the lab?

B.Whose book was left in the lab?

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.You should not use postal service abbreviations for states in your stories. B.You should not use Postal Service abbreviations for states in your stories.

B.You should not use Postal Service abbreviations for states in your stories.

The most common lead for a hard-news story is a ________ lead. A.feature B.summary C.delayed D.quote

B.summary

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.Two-thousand-one was the actual start of the new millennium. B.Two thousand one was the actual start of the new millennium. C.2001 was actual start of the new millennium.

C.2001 was actual start of the new millennium.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.If you are absent 4 times, your grade will be lowered. B.If you are absent four-times, your grade will be lowered. C.If you are absent four times, your grade will be lowered.

C.If you are absent four times, your grade will be lowered.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.The proper form for writing about court cases is Rich versus Oldfield. B.The proper form for writing about court cases is Rich vs. Oldfield. C.The proper form for writing about court cases is Rich v. Oldfield.

C.The proper form for writing about court cases is Rich v. Oldfield.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.These are the students whom won scholarships. B.These are the students that won scholarships. C.These are the students who won scholarships.

C.These are the students who won scholarships.

Select the letter of the sentence that is written correctly. A.You get three-chances to revise your story. B.You get 3 chances to revise your story. C.You get three chances to revise your story.

C.You get three chances to revise your story.

Which is NOT recommended when going on the scene to cover a tragedy? A.Make sure that you bring proper clothing such as rain boots, jeans, coats, and gloves. B.Have an emergency kit in the car and extra food in case you are stuck someplace for days. C.Check maps and global positioning system (GPS) technology to find alternative routes to get to a scene in case some routes are blocked. D.Rely mainly on electronic equipment such as cell phones, recorders, etc.

D.Rely mainly on electronic equipment such as cell phones, recorders, etc.

When choosing clips (i.e., samples of news stories you've written) to include with your application for a news writing job, A.include only your best two clips so you don't overwhelm the hiring official. B.choose clips with the most dramatic endings. C.include clips only of one story type (breaking news, for example). D.choose clips with the strongest leads.

D.choose clips with the strongest leads.

What's a good practice for reporters writing crime and court stories? A.Double- and triple-check every fact, address and name because the stakes are so high if you make a mistake. B.Always use the official language in reports to ensure that you aren't fined by the courts. C.Use the word "allegedly" as often as possible so you don't "convict" someone before he or she has a trial. D.Make your leads as exciting as possible by using fictitious examples and creative writing.

A.Double- and triple-check every fact, address and name because the stakes are so high if you make a mistake.

Jayson Blair was fired by The New York Times for what ethical offense? A.Fabricating and plagiarizing information B.Violating the privacy of private figures C.Accepting bribes to print positive news D.Taking gifts from companies

A.Fabricating and plagiarizing information

Which statement is true about plagiarism? A.It is plagiarism if you paraphrase information from another publication and you don't attribute it. B.If you change enough of a passage you borrow from another publication, you don't need to attribute it. C.Information from online resources is in the public domain and doesn't need to be attributed. D.It is plagiarism if you use ideas from other publications, even if you attribute it to that publication.

A.It is plagiarism if you paraphrase information from another publication and you don't attribute it.

Choose the sentence that is punctuated correctly. A.Martin Luther King Jr. gave a famous speech: "I have a dream". B.Martin Luther King Jr. gave a famous speech, "I have a dream". C.Martin Luther King Jr. gave a famous "I have a dream", speech. D.Martin Luther King Jr. gave a famous speech, "I have a dream."

A.Martin Luther King Jr. gave a famous speech: "I have a dream".

Which is NOT a technique media writers use to deal with boring but important information? A.Put it all into one middle section so as to keep from cluttering the other parts of the story. B.Tack it onto sentences as phrases where it fits to add context. C.Break it out into a fact box or turn it into an information graphic. D.Use the simplest sentences possible.

A.Put it all into one middle section so as to keep from cluttering the other parts of the story.

Which statement is most true about how you should check background and prepare before an interview? A.Search online databases, official websites, printed materials and news clippings to find information. Google the person or issue. B.Google provides access to virtually any relevant information to prepare for most interviews because it is so broad. C.Be wary of reading other news articles or documents too closely for background information because you might inadvertently plagiarize. D.Wait until after the interview to do your research so you can go in with an open mind, then find background information once you have the news angle.

A.Search online databases, official websites, printed materials and news clippings to find information.

How should you deal with sensitive questions about disability or diseases? A.Tell the person up front that you're going to ask difficult questions and he or she doesn't have to answer if he or she is uncomfortable. B.Don't tip off that you'll be asking difficult questions, as the person might not agree to do the interview. C.Save all the difficult questions for the end in case your source walks out. D.These types of questions are insensitive to your source and shouldn't be asked.

A.Tell the person up front that you're going to ask difficult questions and he or she doesn't have to answer if he or she is uncomfortable.

Which statement is true about messages or content posted by audience members on an online news site? A.The site can be liable for the content if an editor has changed it in any way. B.The site is always liable for the content. C.The site is never liable for the content. D.A site can't be held liable for any online content; only printed content can be libelous.

A.The site can be liable for the content if an editor has changed it in any way.

The AP Stylebook says what about using photos and information on social media? A.You should never lift quotes and video from social media posts unless you verify the information before publishing it, even in breaking-news stories. B.It's OK to lift quotes and video from social media posts so long as you attribute them to the person whose page on which you found them. C.You should never lift quotes and video from social media posts unless you verify the information before publishing it, except in breaking-news stories when time is critical. D.It's OK to lift quotes and video from social media posts to use in breaking news stories so long as you verify the information before you print a follow-up story.

A.You should never lift quotes and video from social media posts unless you verify the information before publishing it, even in breaking-news stories.

Which of the following situations is most likely NOT to be protected as fair comment and criticism? A.a food critic writing that the chef cooking at a private party was drunk B.a theater writing saying that a Broadway actor lacked timing C.a DJ saying that a singer looked tired at her performance at the Grammys D.a music critic writing that a community orchestra sounded out of tune

A.a food critic writing that the chef cooking at a private party was drunk

A soft lead A.also is called a "feature lead." B.focuses on breaking news. C.is always after the hard lead. D.explains the soft parts of the story.

A.also is called a "feature lead."

The Wall Street Journal structure starts with A.an anecdotal lead focusing on one person as an example of a larger issue. B.the most recent information in a story. C.the most important information gathered by the reporter. D.a summary of the entire story so that the reader can get an overview before reading details.

A.an anecdotal lead focusing on one person as an example of a larger issue.

If you are trying to get an interview with a person who is grieving, you should A.ask specific questions about how the person you are interviewing experienced the tragedy. B.never interview someone when he or she is grieving; it's unethical. C.bring flowers and tissues to show that you care. D.ask how the person feels about his or her loss.

A.ask specific questions about how the person you are interviewing experienced the tragedy.

Which of the following terms are preferable to avoid sexist language? A.firefighter B.It depends on what the source prefers. C.firewoman D.fireman

A.firefighter

Which of the following is NOT a change that the news industry has seen with increased online news delivery? A.increased use of linear story structure B.continual deadlines C.more personal journalism D.increased use of links

A.increased use of linear story structure

If a crime scene is on public property, A.journalists can get as close to the scene as the police will allow. B.police cannot restrict access to reporters. C.journalists have the same right as they do if the crime scene is on private property. D.journalists cannot have access to any part of the scene.

A.journalists can get as close to the scene as the police will allow.

Which is NOT a common way of organizing a story? A.parallel construction B.time sequence C.question and answer D.topics

A.parallel construction

The best questions in interviews are A.short and focused on one topic. B.ones that start with a long observation before the reporter asks the question. C.confrontational to elicit an emotional response. D.in-depth and cover multiple issues to engage the source.

A.short and focused on one topic.

In police reporting, "blotter" refers to A.the daily police log. B.the holding spot for all the juvenile records. C.the newest reporter on the beat. D.the clean-up specialist at a crime scene.

A.the daily police log.

What is the best use for closed-ended questions? A.to elicit brief, factual answers or basic information B.to elicit quotes C.to get people to tell stories that can become great feature leads D.to provoke in-depth responses

A.to elicit brief, factual answers or basic information

When writing about family or child care issues, A.try to include both men and women who are dealing with the issue in your story. B.use men only when they are being quoted as experts because women take the lead in child-rearing and family issues. C.focus on the "superwoman" working mom because this will make your readers more emotionally involved with the story. D.women should be your only sources, as they deal with these issues more than men.

A.try to include both men and women who are dealing with the issue in your story.

The hourglass form A.usually starts like an inverted pyramid, followed by narrative story form in the middle. B.is ideal for short breaking-news stories. C.usually has anecdotal leads on each "section" of the story. D.is easy to spot because parts of the story are separated by a graphic device, such as a large dot or a large capital letter.

A.usually starts like an inverted pyramid, followed by narrative story form in the middle.

When should you check past stories on file or online databases for additional information when writing a story? A.Never. You may inadvertently plagiarize the information. B.Before you begin reporting or, in the case of breaking news, before you begin writing. C.After you've finished writing the story, to ensure that you've quoted the right sources. D.After you've started writing the story, to ensure that you've not missed any crucial background.

B.Before you begin reporting or, in the case of breaking news, before you begin writing.

The Richard Jewell rule is associated with which situation? A.Neutral reportage B.Naming a person of interest who has not been formally charged C.Actual malice involving a public figure D.Intrusion into a person's solitude

B.Naming a person of interest who has not been formally charged

Why were the events surrounding the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting a "pivotal moment" in the use of social media? A.Social media were used by police to track the shooter. B.News organizations realized that they could use Facebook to connect with sources on the scene with a breaking story. C.So many videos were uploaded to YouTube that the site crashed. D.Twitter contained so much incorrect information that journalists vowed never to rely on the site again.

B.News organizations realized that they could use Facebook to connect with sources on the scene with a breaking story.

Ethicist Louis Hodges suggests which of the following in dealing with privacy issues? A.Ask permission from public officials if you are going to publish information about their private lives. B.Publish private information about public officials if it affects their public duties. C.Never ask permission from anyone, including victims, as the public has the right to know. D.Publish all private information about public officials, even if it doesn't affect their public duties. This allows voters to clearly examine the character of the person.

B.Publish private information about public officials if it affects their public duties.

Which of the following is true about using deception to get a story? A.It is never done. B.Reporters should use it only if there is no other way to get a story. C.It is a commonly accepted practice in journalism. D.Any reporter who uses deception will be sued and will risk jail time.

B.Reporters should use it only if there is no other way to get a story.

Which is NOT a question typically answered in a summary lead? A.Where? B.So what? C.Why? D.Who?

B.So what?

Which of these sentences is in active voice? A.The stove was jumped on by the dog, starting the fire. B.The dog jumped on the stove, starting the fire. C.The fire was started by the dog jumping on the stove. D.The dog that started the fire was scolded by its owner.

B.The dog jumped on the stove, starting the fire.

Which is true about the release of the names of rape victims? A.The names of rape victims typically are released if the victim is over age 18. B.These names can legally be released as a matter of public record, but many news organizations do not do so for ethical reasons. C.Victims can sue, usually successfully, if police or journalists release their name without their consent. D.These names are not included in police records, and the police never release the names to journalists.

B.These names can legally be released as a matter of public record, but many news organizations do not do so for ethical reasons.

Which statement is in passive voice? A.Students marched peacefully to protest the tuition increase. B.Three students were arrested by the police. C.The protest was mostly peaceful. D.They were protesting during the president's speech.

B.Three students were arrested by the police.

Which statement is true? A.You need to attribute all information gathered from printed material (like a book or a report). B.You don't need to attribute information if it is common knowledge or indisputable. C.You need to attribute every fact in a story, even if you observed an event yourself. D.You don't need to attribute information that people could look up themselves on the internet.

B.You don't need to attribute information if it is common knowledge or indisputable.

A sidebar is A.a quote pulled out to highlight something important in the story. B.a story to accompany the main story. C.always soft news, usually a human-interest story. D.a story run the next day to follow up on the main story.

B.a story to accompany the main story.

The legal term for the right that public officials have to make defamatory statements in the course of their official duties without being sued is called A.neutral reportage. B.absolute privilege. C.qualified privilege. D.public officials' privilege

B.absolute privilege.

The Clery Act requires that A.juvenile records must be made public when a university student commits a crime. B.all universities that have federal student financial aid programs to release crime statistics on campus. C.All of these are requirements under the Clery Act. D.university police allow student reporters access to a crime scene on campus.

B.all universities that have federal student financial aid programs to release crime statistics on campus.

In broadcast news, a teaser is A.an introduction by the anchor to a major package with video images. B.an introduction to a story coming up in the next newscast or after the advertisement. C.an introduction to the newscast read by an announcer before the anchor is introduced. D.an introduction to a story the reporter will read as a stand-up to start a story.

B.an introduction to a story coming up in the next newscast or after the advertisement.

You should use your best quote A.as a transition. B.immediately following the lead. C.as the kicker. D.to brighten up the muddy middle.

B.immediately following the lead.

When you cover a weather-related story, you should always A.ask citizens if they're afraid of what the weather will be like tomorrow. B.include the forecast for the next day. C.give a history of the forecasts in the area. D.give a personal account of how you were affected by the weather.

B.include the forecast for the next day.

The police beat A.is always given to the most advanced reporters because it is so complex. B.is often considered an entry-level job at news organizations. C.rarely produces interesting stories. D.is quite simple for reporters to cover because the rules are straightforward.

B.is often considered an entry-level job at news organizations

A nut graph A.is always the paragraph immediately after the lead. B.is the paragraph that explains the main point of the story. C.includes the first quote in a story. D.is always the second paragraph.

B.is the paragraph that explains the main point of the story.

The mass shooting of children at Sandy Hook Elementary School demonstrated that A.Twitter is an ideal way to show compassion when reporting on a tragedy. B.journalists need to verify information, especially "facts" being shared on social media. c.reporters can help people heal by being present at the scene to share details about an event. D.children make good sources for journalists trying to get details

B.journalists need to verify information, especially "facts" being shared on social media.

Which of the following word lists contains five common qualities of news? A.social media, politics, government, crime and timeliness B.proximity, timeliness, conflict, human interest and unusual nature C.timeliness, celebrities, tragedy, humor and technology D.proximity, government, objectivity, conflict, trends

B.proximity, timeliness, conflict, human interest and unusual nature

When the numbers of the death toll change in a tragedy, you should A.run a correction and apologize for using the incorrect numbers on the first day. B.publish the new death toll, explaining how the official count has changed. C.wait until you get the most accurate death toll before releasing any figures. D.demand that officials explain why they got the death toll wrong the first day.

B.publish the new death toll, explaining how the official count has changed.

In a breaking-news story about a tragedy in which people have died, you should A.put the death toll in the end of the story in case you don't have an accurate figure. B.put the death toll in the lead to show the impact. C.save the death toll for the follow-up story because people are more interested in individual stories than mass statistics. D.avoid mentioning any death toll if you don't have an accurate figure.

B.put the death toll in the lead to show the impact.

In finding sources, Google and other search engines A.should always be the first stop—Google first, then look to other sources if needed. B.should be used in conjunction with traditional directories and guides. C.never provide any credible information of use to journalists. D.have made old print resources, like the phone book or reverse city directories, obsolete.

B.should be used in conjunction with traditional directories and guides.

When should you use lists? A.when there is not enough information for a complete paragraph B.to itemize information that would otherwise be cumbersome C.when you quote many sources in a row D.to break up long, boring passages in a story

B.to itemize information that would otherwise be cumbersome

If you use a summary lead that explains the focus or the main point of the story, A.you should repeat the nut graph at the end of the story. B.you don't need a nut graph. C.you need a nut graph. D.you should ask your editor if you need a nut graph.

B.you don't need a nut graph.

Hard news is best defined as A. news that is hard to read because it involves statistics, data and bureaucratic language. B. news stories about difficult topics, like death and destruction. C. news stories about events or information that happened, is happening or is about to happen. D. news stories that involve crime.

C. news stories about events or information that happened, is happening or is about to happen.

Which of the following is NOT a step in ethical reasoning? A.Justify your decision. B.Define the dilemma. C.First, do no harm. D.Examine all your alternatives.

C.First, do no harm.

Which of the following can protect you from libel when you publish a defamatory statement? A.Using the word "alleged" to show that you are not 100 percent certain of the facts B.Not naming the person who the defamatory statement is about C.Publishing a defamatory statement made by someone with absolute privilege D.Printing a correction saying that you made a mistake

C.Publishing a defamatory statement made by someone with absolute privilege

How do social media differ from traditional media? A.With traditional media, people are contributors; with social media, they are receivers. B.Print, broadcast or online forms of publication provide more interaction than social media. C.Social media are Web-based technologies that provide ways people may connect, create and share content. D.There are no differences between social media and traditional media.

C.Social media are Web-based technologies that provide ways people may connect, create and share content.

A facts or highlights box is A.a list of facts inserted in a story to help give context. B.a list of facts of less importance that you don't have room to include in your regular story. C.a list of facts, information or key points in a box typically placed next to a story. D.a list of historical facts about a newspaper in a box on the editorial page.

C.a list of facts, information or key points in a box typically placed next to a story.

The term "package" refers to A.live coverage of a breaking-news event from the scene. B.the entire newscast when it is finished. C.a prepared story that includes video and interviews with sources. D.a story that the anchor reads without video.

C.a prepared story that includes video and interviews with sources.

A lead quote is A.the quote that is contained in the lead. B.a strong quote by the most official source in the story. C.a strong quote that is high in the story to support the lead. D.a quote pulled out and highlighted in a box next to the story.

C.a strong quote that is high in the story to support the lead.

When you need to identify someone by race or ethnicity in a story, it is best to A.follow the AP Stylebook for the correct terms. B.use established labels from the U.S. Census Bureau. C.ask the source how he or she would prefer to be referred to in the story. D.just use the generic term "minority" to be safe.

C.ask the source how he or she would prefer to be referred to in the story.

When describing people with disabilities, the AP Stylebook recommends A.describing them as "disabled." B.to use the term "handicapped" or "physically disabled," depending on what they prefer. C.avoiding euphemisms, instead stating clearly what challenges they face. D.writing "physically challenged."

C.avoiding euphemisms, instead stating clearly what challenges they face.

Three factors that constitute libel are A.falsity, injury to a person's reputation, and slander. B.malicious intent, injury to a person's reputation, and publication. C.falsity, injury to a person's reputation, and publication. D.falsity, malicious intent, and publication.

C.falsity, injury to a person's reputation, and publication.

At an arraignment, a person is A.told the minimum and maximum sentence for the crime. B.formally sentenced after being found guilty. C.formally charged with the crime and given a chance to enter a plea. D.given a chance to choose an attorney.

C.formally charged with the crime and given a chance to enter a plea

When writing a news story, reporters use information A.from governmental documents only and printed sources to ensure accuracy. B.from interviews only. C.from interviews, direct observation and printed sources. D.from direct observation only.

C.from interviews, direct observation and printed sources.

The Radio Television Digital News Association says that when getting information from online sources, A.you should never use information from online sources because it's hard to verify their credibility. B.you don't need to confirm it so long as you attribute the source. C.information gathered online should be confirmed before broadcast, as is the case with any other form of newsgathering. D.if you cannot verify information, just tell the public that the information is unverified.

C.information gathered online should be confirmed before broadcast, as is the case with any other form of newsgathering.

Discussion, question, poll, quiz, searchable databases, maps and social media are all forms of A.blurbs. B.multimedia. C.interactivity. D.links.

C.interactivity.

The basic story form used in most news stories is A.Wall Street Journal. B.sections. C.inverted pyramid. D.hourglass.

C.inverted pyramid.

What is the structure of most basic news stories? A.lead quote, nut graph, lead, supporting facts, more quotes and comments, additional information, ending B.nut graph, lead, lead quote, supporting facts, more quotes and comments, additional information, ending C.lead, nut graph (if needed), lead quote, supporting facts, more quotes and comments, additional information, ending D.lead, lead quote, supporting facts, nut graph (if needed), more quotes and comments, additional information, ending

C.lead, nut graph (if needed), lead quote, supporting facts, more quotes and comments, additional information, ending

In an interview, reporters should A.focus on what they are planning to ask next and let the tape recorder gather what the source is saying. b.stick to their list of prepared questions at all times to ensure that they've covered everything. C.let the source do most of the talking. D.interrupt a source if he or she rambles or loses focus.

C.let the source do most of the talking.

What is the tone of most hard-news stories? A.happy B.mystery C.objective, with an absence of mood D.dramatic

C.objective, with an absence of mood

The National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association recommends that journalists use the term ________ when it is relevant to the story. A.sexual choice B.gender preference C.sexual orientation D.sexual preference

C.sexual orientation

The inverted pyramid story form starts with a(n) ________ lead. A.anecdotal B.feature C.summary D.quote

C.summary

In broadcast news, backtiming is A.the exact time that a reporter sends the spotlight back to the anchor. B.the exact time that the newscast will end. C.the exact time in a newscast that a segment will air. D.the exact time that the anchor sends the show back to commercial.

C.the exact time in a newscast that a segment will air.

The term "blocking sources" refers to a technique A.where bosses prohibit their employees from talking to the media. B.where key quotes are pulled out into a graphic box on the page to highlight key points in the story. C.where information from each source is put in separate blocks when constructing a story. D.where writers cross out sources from their notes after off-the-record interviews so they won't be able to use them in a story.

C.where information from each source is put in separate blocks when constructing a story.

Delayed identification means A.you delay identifying the name of the subject of the story until a paragraph or two after the lead. B.you don't name the subject of a story in crime news until he or she is officially charged in court. C.you identify the subject of your story in the first sentence and then delay the remaining identification about him or her until later in the story. D.you should delay identifying the name of the subject of the story until the end of the story.

C.you identify the subject of your story in the first sentence and then delay the remaining identification about him or her until later in the story.

If you paraphrase a quote, A.you should delay attribution until a direct quote in the next paragraph. B.you don't need to attribute the information. C.you need to attribute it so the reader knows where you got the information. D.you must use the source's exact words without a quote mark.

C.you need to attribute it so the reader knows where you got the information.

When writing stories about people 65 and older, A.you should refer to them as "senior citizens." B.you should refer to them as "the graying generation." C.you should refer to them as "people 65 and older." D.you should refer to them as "elderly."

C.you should refer to them as "people 65 and older.

A news story in Columbia's newspaper focusing on the loss of thousands of lives in a natural disaster in South America is most clearly linked with which quality of news? A. unusualness B. impact C.proximity D. human interest

D. human interest

When you are writing about someone from a specific group, what is the best way to know the proper term to use (for example, when to use "black" or "African-American")? A.Ask your editor and use the term that he or she recommends. B.Use what you think is the least offensive term used to describe the group. C.Use exactly what the AP Stylebook tells you to. D.Ask the person what he or she prefers to be called in the story.

D.Ask the person what he or she prefers to be called in the story

What's the best sentence to use when reporting on a robbery suspect? A.Police arrested Smith for alleged bank robbery. B.Police arrested Smith because he robbed the bank. C.Smith allegedly robbed the bank, so he was arrested. D.Police arrested Smith in connection with the bank robbery.

D.Police arrested Smith in connection with the bank robbery.

What does parallelism mean when writing news stories? A.Sentences are placed next to each other in a graphic box. B.Sentences are written with most of the same words. C.Sentences are repeated for emphasis throughout the story. D.Sentences are worded in the same grammatical order.

D.Sentences are worded in the same grammatical order.

What penalties are imposed when journalists or public relations (PR) practitioners commit a serious violation of their profession's code of ethics? A.They are sanctioned by their professional association and barred from ever working in the profession again. B.They are found guilty of violating state and federal laws. C.They lose their licenses as a journalist/PR practitioner for at least six months. D.The can lose their jobs if the editors or executives think that the violation is severe enough.

D.The can lose their jobs if the editors or executives think that the violation is severe enough.

What is true about the codes of ethics for the Public Relations Society of America and the Radio and Television News Directors Association? A.They are both outdated because of changes in technology such as social media. B.They are almost polar opposites because public relations and journalism are so different. C.They are based on strict guidelines laid out under state statutes and federal law. D.They both stress accuracy and telling the truth as guiding principles.

D.They both stress accuracy and telling the truth as guiding principles.

Which is the BEST rule for the wording of attribution? A.Try to make attributions as lively as possible by using words like "exclaimed" and "claimed." B."Says" is the preferred attribution for text stories. C.Use "said" for feature stories and "says" for hard news stories. D.Use "said" for humans and "according to" for reports and other objects.

D.Use "said" for humans and "according to" for reports and other objects.

Which statement is correct? A.You must attribute all opinions AND facts in a story, even if facts are general knowledge. B.You don't need to attribute opinions if they reflect the views of the majority of people. C.You don't need to attribute accusations if they come from the police. D.You must attribute information that is someone's opinion.

D.You must attribute information that is someone's opinion.

Which is MOST true about using direct quotations? A.Quotes should rarely be used in news stories; if they have to be used, a long quote is best. B.Everything a source says should be put in direct quotations. C.Use quotes to repeat what was already paraphrased so that you can emphasize key facts to readers. D.You should avoid quotes that don't relate directly to the focus of your story.

D.You should avoid quotes that don't relate directly to the focus of your story.

In broadcast news, a "rundown" of a newscast refers to A.a list of the commercials in between the stories. B.a list of sound bites to be used in the stories. C.a list of reporters featured in the newscast. D.a list of stories with the time allocated in minutes and seconds.

D.a list of stories with the time allocated in minutes and seconds.

A plaintiff is A.a person who testifies in the case on behalf of the defense. B.a person who is charged with a crime. C.a person who is being sued in a civil lawsuit. D.a person who files a civil lawsuit.

D.a person who files a civil lawsuit

"Mojo" is A.an acronym for journalists to remember the key points for writing for multimedia: Mobile, objective, journalistic, on time. B.a term for consumers who read news only on their mobile phones. C.an application that readers can download to get mobile news on their smart devices. D.a term for mobile journalists equipped with multiple devices who work primarily out of the newsroom.

D.a term for mobile journalists equipped with multiple devices who work primarily out of the newsroom.

Which of these acts meets the definition of plagiarism? A.making up quotes and facts in a story B.all of the these choices C.using someone else's idea for a story without giving credit for it D.copying a quote from the Internet to use in a story and not attributing it

D.copying a quote from the Internet to use in a story and not attributing it

U.S. copyright law A.requires you to put a copyright symbol on anything you wish to protect. B.states that you have no copyright protection for information unless you post it to the Web and clearly identify yourself publically as the creator. C.that only things in print or broadcast over the airwaves can be copyrighted. Information on the Internet is in the public domain and cannot be copyrighted. D.ensures that you are protected for your work even if you don't use a copyright symbol.

D.ensures that you are protected for your work even if you don't use a copyright symbol.

In writing for online and mobile media, revision is A.rarely done because of the immediacy of the medium. B.not as important as it is for print stories that will last longer. C.typically done after readers point out mistakes in your posts. D.essential for making your writing clear, concise and correct.

D.essential for making your writing clear, concise and correct.

A nut graph A.summarizes the focus at the end of the story. B.sets up your best quote. C.is pulled out and used as a headline. D.states the main point of the story, typically before the third to fifth graph

D.states the main point of the story, typically before the third to fifth graph

A hard news story is called that because it is A.hard to read because of the grammar and sentence structure. B.hard for people to read because of the death and destruction included. C.structured so that people have to read until the end to find out what happened. D.structured so that the key facts are in the first few paragraphs.

D.structured so that the key facts are in the first few paragraphs.

Which term does the National Association of Hispanic Journalists recommend using when writing about people who live in the United States without official paperwork? A.illegal aliens B.immigrant aliens C.undocumented illegals D.undocumented immigrant or worker

D.undocumented immigrant or worker

Crowdsourcing is A.using large groups of professional reporters to go into crowds at a public event B.using pictures of crowds to show the impact of an event in a visual C.never used to cover tragedies, accidents or breaking news stories D.using large groups of people to gather or produce content through social media

D.using large groups of people to gather or produce content through social media

Choose the best definition. Ethics is the study of choices about A.what we can and can't do. B.right and wrong. C.what is legal and what is illegal. D.what we should and shouldn't do.

D.what we should and shouldn't do.

"Off the record" means that A.you can use the information in a story if you make up a name for the source. B.you may use the information if you identify the person only with a vague description, such as "a high-ranking official." C.you may not use the information in print, but you can use it online or in digital form (that way, it's not part of the "printed record"). D.you may not use information from the source even if you don't identify the person.

D.you may not use information from the source even if you don't identify the person.

Actual malice in libel cases means that A.you recklessly disregarded concern for the person's reputation. B.you wanted to intentionally hurt someone's reputation. C.you published information in good faith that turned out to be false. D.you published something with knowledge that it was false, or without checking whether it was false.

D.you published something with knowledge that it was false, or without checking whether it was false.