JROTC_ LE 200 Chapter 1 Test

Provide an example of an information-only and an action-and-information message. (Short Answer)

- Information-only: These messages simply tell the receiver something: "I've got a bad cold." "I lost my textbook yesterday." "I'm going home now." - Action-and-information: These messages may give information, but they also ask the receiver to do something: "Can you meet me at the mall tomorrow?" "Will you give me a ride to work this afternoon?" or "Can you help me with this homework tomorrow?

Describe the eight parts of thinking.

- Purpose: goal of your thinking, what you're trying to accomplish -Question: problem or issue you're considering - Information: data, facts, and other evidence - Interpretation or Inference: conclusions you come to in the thinking process -Concepts: ideas, principles, theories, hypotheses you use in your thinking -Assumption: examine your beliefs and biases - Implications and Consequences: always think through truths that follow other truths - Point of View: the mental location from which you are looking at a problem or issue

Name five effective listening habits.

-Clarifying -Restating, Paraphrasing, Mirroring -Acknowledging -Summarizing -Framing -Note Taking

List at least four questions to ask yourself to assess how you are doing as an active learner.

-Do I express myself clearly on this subject? -Do I strive for accuracy in my work? -Are my ideas precise and specific, with a sufficient level of detail? -Do I ask relevant questions in class or share related ideas? -Dies my study just skim the surface, or do I dig deeper to understand the subject? -Do I consider different viewpoints, including those of teachers and fellow students? Do I consider what I'm learning from different angles? -Do I think logically, reasoning from factual premises? -Do I focus on the most significant material and ask questions about the important issues in class? -Is my behavior fair to the teacher, the other students, and myself?

Which of the following is a dividend for better listeners?

-Higher productivity -Faster learning -Better jobs -More promotions -Improved relationships

Name six bad listening habits.

-Thinking about what to say Instead of Listening to the Speaker -Talking when you should be listening -Interrupting -Listening for what you expect to hear rather than what is actually said -Being Preoccupied -Falling victim to stereotyping -Being Self-Centered -Not-paying attention

Describe the four steps to improve communication. (Short Answer)

1) Focus your message- Requires planning before you speak or write, thinking about what you are going to say, thinking about how you are going to say it, deciding what your goal is, and understanding who your audience is. 2) Magnify the listener's attention- Includes thinking about your message from the receiver's point of view instead of your own, trying to create interest, finding something in your message listeners can relate to, and persuading the receiver through the clarity and logic of your argument. 3) Penetrate Barriers- includes being as precise and concrete as you can, avoiding vagueness, and using analogies and comparisons to break communication barriers. 4) Listen actively- requires listening carefully to what your receiver says, you have to listen and hear, not just hear. Hearing is automatic. It happens when sound waves bounce off your eardrums and cause them to vibrate, sending messages to your brain. Listening is the active, voluntary effort to receive, understand, and respond to a message.

List two methods for eliminating noise. (Short Answer)

1) Know the purpose of your message 2) Break through the noise 3) Use simple words 4) Use concrete words

What type of message is the following "Can you help me study tomorrow"?

Action-and-information

Which type of listening occurs when the receiver is paying full attention and thinking about the information?

Active Listening

Which of the following is a key characteristic you should know about your receiver?

Age

What is required for critical thinking?

Analyze information

Which of the following should you do when asking for feedback?

Ask your listener to repeat what you said

How can you ensure you are reading critically/

Ask yourself three basic questions: - What does the text say? - What does the text do? Is it an argument? Does it make you sympathetic? Does it exaggerate to make a point? - What does the text mean? This is where you analyze and look for deeper meaning.

How can you ensure positive feedback from your receivers?

Be clear and specific

Which bad listening habit occurs when you are spending time thinking about yourself rather than others?

Being self-centered

Which standard of critical thinking considers the issue from different points of view?

Breadth

Which of the following is an effective action-and-information message?

Can you give me a ride home at 4:30 today?

If your coach uses a hand signal to send you a message during the game, which step of the communication process is she using?

Channeling

Which effective listening techniques allows you to verify that you have correctly understood?

Clarifying

Which standard of critical thinking asks if the information is understandable?

Clarity

_______________ is the creation and sending of information, thoughts, and feelings from one person to another.

Communication

Reflection is an activity that requires focus and _______.

Concentration

_______ includes the ideas, principles, theories, and hypotheses you are using in your thinking.

Concepts

What type of questions do you want to avoid?

Dead questions

Which step of the communication process are you using when you read a text message?

Decoding

What can you ask yourself to assess how you are doing as an active learner?

Do I think logically, reasoning from factual premises

Which of the following is an example of external noise?

Dog barking

What is a step in the decision making process?

Evaluate the decision

What type of questions require reasoning?

Evaluation questions

Questions that have a correct answer, but not necessarily a simple one are __________.

Factual questions

Which standard of critical thinking considers if the issue is free of bias and false assumptions?

Fairness

T/F: The more you know about your receiver, the better your chances for unsuccessful communication.

False

T/F: Whenever you have the choice between a simple word and a long word that has the same meaning, use the long word.

False

When you graduate, your learning days are behind you.

False

When you're thinking or reflecting, you must include intuition and emotions in your thinking.

False

Emily is struggling in her geometry class and wants to talk to the teacher about ways to improve her grade. Emily is planning what to say before she speaks to the teacher and wants to communicate her goals clearly to the teacher. Which step for improving communication is Emily using? (Case Study)

Focus your message

When improving your communication, which step requires that you plan before you speak or write?

Focus your message

Which effective listening technique allows you to present information in a neutral way?

Framing

__________ happens when sound waves bounce off your eardrums and cause them to vibrate, sending messages to your brain.

Hearing

Explain the difference between listening and hearing.

Hearing is unconscious, unfocused, and continuous; it requires no work, while listening is a focused, conscious hearing activity. You have to actively try to listen. Also, listening is the interpretation of sound waves into something meaningful while hearing is simply the reception of those sound waves.

What type of message is the following "I lost my homework today"?

Information-only

_________ decisions are based on fear, ignorance, or prejudice.

Irrational

All of the following could happen if you fail to listen except?

It could affect your friendships

Which method of eliminating noise focuses on ensuring your receiver understands what he or she is supposed to do and know?

Know the purpose of your message

What is an important tool in your thinker's toolbox?

Learning how to ask the right questions

When improving your communication, which step asks you to listen carefully to what you receiver says?

Listen actively

_______ is the interpretation of sound waves.

Listening

__________ is the active, voluntary effect to receive, understand, and respond to a message.

Listening

Which of the following is a myth about listening?

Listening and Hearing are the same

Why is listening important? Provide and example.

Listening is important because your life could depend on it. If you are busy talking on the phone and you filter out the sound of an oncoming car, you may not realize that crossing the street could be extremely dangerous and potentially life threatening.

When improving your communication, which step requires that you think about your message from the receiver's point of view instead of your own?

Magnify the listener's attention

____________ helps you listen actively and better remember what the speaker said.

Note Taking

When improving your communication, which step focuses on the message being precise and concrete?

Penetrate barriers

Which of the following is true regarding listening?

People assume listeners will understand

As you get older, listening _______ declines.

Performance

Which of the following is a part of the thinking process?

Point of view

What type of questions have more than one answer, which is usually an opinion?

Preference questions

Which of the following parts of thinking is used to describe the goal of your thinking?

Purpose

Which part of thinking identifies the problem or issue you are considering?

Question

Which type of listening involves the sense of sight as well as of hearing?

Reflective Listening

What is a tip to help you be a more active student?

Relate your learning back to what already know

Which standard of critical thinking considers if the issue is important and meaningful?

Significance

Read over your notes _____ after you take them, while the speaker's ideas are still fresh in your mind.

Soon

Which effective listening technique can be useful when you are discussing several issues?

Summarizing

When examining your assumptions, which of the following should you do?

Take into account your biases and beliefs

Why do employers value workers who can communicate well?

They save the organization time and money

Which of the following can help you break through the noise?

Think in terms of your receiver

What is a good way to overcome your own biases?

Think logically

When sifting through information, which of the following should you do?

Toss out information that is not relevant

T/F: Feedback can indicate understanding or misunderstanding.

True

T/F: Internal noise is one of the human factors in the communication cycle you have no way to eliminate.

True

T/F: Your ability to communicate—to write, speak, and listen—affects your ability to inform and influence those around you.

True

Think happens when you take the information you see, read, and hear, and make sense of it.

True

Trying to think logically is a good way to overcome your biases.

True

Which of the following can you use to focus your message?

Understand who your audience is

Which method of eliminating noise encourages you to use words that draw pictures in your receiver's mind?

Use concrete words

Sam just turned 16 and would like to ask his parents for money to help buy a car. Which of the following would you suggest to Sam as he is preparing his message for his parents? (Case Study)

Use information-only messages

Which method of eliminating noise focuses on using short words?

Use simple words

Which of the following questions should you ask when you are reading critically?

What does the text say?

Which of the following is an example of internal noise?

Worrying

Which of the following clues does a teacher give to let you know something's important?

Writing something on the whiteboard

Provide an example of communication identifying the encoding-channeling-decoding steps in the process. (Short Answer)

You type out your text—encoding it. You hit the Send button and the message is transmitted—channeled—through the data network to your friend. Your friend reads the message—decoding it.

What happens when you practice critical thinking?

Your problem solving skills increase

Which type of listening is occurring if you "talk past" each other?

competitive listening

A ________ question gets you useless information or derails the discussion.

dead

One kind of question you want to avoid is the preference question.

false

Which of your senses gives you the most information?

hearing

Your _______ __ ________ is the mental location from which you are looking at the problem or issue.

point of view

When you think and reflect, you make ______ decisions.

rational

Apply the six steps in the decision making process to a recent decision.

-Identify the situation -List the options -Weigh the possible outcomes of each option -Consider your values -Make your decision and take action -Evaluate the decision

Research shows that people send _____ of every waking hour listening.

25 minutes

Research shows that people spend nearly _____ of every waking hour in some form of communication.

50 minutes

Which of the following is an example of a communication cue that a teacher may see during his lecture?

All of the above

________ is continuous, unfocused, and unconscious

Hearing

All communication requires a _______ and a ________.

sender; receiver