Juvenile Delinquency chp 2
Which of the following best aligns to the 1970s "discovery" regarding chronic youthful offenders?
A small number of youthful offenders commit a significant percentage of serious crime.
You are interested in studying youth who began engaging in disruptive behaviors at 5 and 6 years of age and continued to exhibit problematic behaviors throughout adolescence and into adulthood. What, specifically, would you be investigating?
Continuality of crime
What is the research technique that employs graphic representations of crime data patterns?
Crime mapping
Which of the following represents areas of the United States where victimization by juveniles occurs more often than in other parts of the United States?
Southern and Western
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between weather and delinquent behavior?
Spring and summer provide the greatest opportunity for juveniles to commit.
The report, written after another incident in school, stated that Jill had poor problem-solving and anger management skills, would not accept blame for her wrongdoings, and lacked impulse control. What recommendation was proposed for Jill?
Jill should receive CBT
To complete the presentation, Wally must find a data source that includes a brief account of each incident as well as victim and offender information. What report would be best for Wally to use?
NIBRS
What data source indicates that the number of people who break the law is far greater than the number projected by official statistics?
National Crime Victims Survey
Of interest to delinquency scholars in juvenile justice victimization, what did the federal government sponsor to determine how many youth are victims each year and which adolescents are most likely to become victims of crime?
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Your friend wants to investigate the nature and extent of delinquency. Name the three best data sources for your friend to use in his or her investigation.
Official records, victim surveys, self-report surveys
An advertised position included the duty of compiling data received from local law enforcement agencies into the Uniform Crime Report. What agency posted the advertised position?
The FBI
The Monitoring the Future survey (MTF) is considered one of the most important ongoing self-report studies. MTF surveys, with few exceptions, indicated self-reported teenage participation to be more stable than the trends reported in the UCR arrest data in what areas?
Theft, Violence and Drug related crimes
If you wanted to examine the changes in the number of juveniles arrested each year, the best source of this data would be found in which of the following?
UCR
What two areas do some experts associate with the violent delinquency rate between 1980 and 1990?
crack epidemic
John's class was given the following equation: Number of Reported Crimes / Total U.S. Population x 100,000. What does this equation compute?
crime rate per 100,000
The task was to identify potential problems associated with a data source. One area of concern the group identified was the inclusion of misinterpreted events—for example, someone who lost his or her keys and reported the keys as stolen. What type of error would this be known as?
over eporting error
As the size of the Black population increases, the perceived threat to the White population increases, resulting in a greater amount of social control imposed against African Americans by police. What is this theory called?
racial threat theory
Which of the following refers to an increased amount of social control imposed against the Black population because of the perceived threat by the White population based on an increase in the size of the Black population?
racial threat theory
Which of the following would best describe an error where the respondents were not a nationally representative sample?
sampling error
A group of high school students were part of a sample who were asked to reveal their own participation in delinquent or criminal acts. What were the students asked to complete?
self report survey
What two factors stand out as encouraging recidivism?
serious of the original offense
What is the goal of data mining?
to pick patterns out of mass amts of data
It was determined that any criminal activities perpetrated by the respondents would, for obvious reasons, not be included. It was also believed that forgetfulness, embarrassment, and/or fear might be problematic. What type of error would this constitute?
under-reporting error
One area researchers have identified as correlated with delinquency is that of social problems; rates of delinquency increase as the level of social problems increases. Delinquency rates, according to researchers, have been correlated with which of the following?
unwed mothers
According to the text, the African American family structure has been weakened by what two areas of marginalization?
weakening family structure
If the murder rate was 5 in 2011, this means that 4.7 people in how many were murdered during the calendar year 2011?
100,000
Most juvenile sex offenders are teenagers; about 16% of those who come to the attention of the police are younger than what age?
12
Your friend wants to examine the life cycle of crime and delinquency, as research in this area can have a major influence in decision making at a higher level. By examining this area, what does your friend hope to influence
Both theory and policy
What are gang members far more likely to posses than are non-gang members?
Drugs
It has been indicated that reporting practices in regard to self-report surveys may differ among racial, ethnic, and gender groups and that such differences can skew data, thereby providing misleading results. In one study, which of the following reported results would align to gender/cultural reporting differences?
Girls were more likely to report drug use; Hispanic girls tended to underreport substance abuse.
Weather may affect delinquent behavior in a number of ways; most delinquent acts, according to the text, occur in what two months of the year?
July and August
Whose research is most closely aligned to concept of the chronic career offender?
Marvin Wolfgang
The Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children Law, passed in 1996, requires states to pass some version of what law or risk the loss of federal aid?
Megan's Law registered sex offenders have to notify when they move into an area
You are interested in learning about substance abuse trends among American teens; what data source would best fit your interest?
Monitoring the Future (MTF)
If the were task to locate a data source that included a nationally representative sample and respondents were to include individuals ages 12 through 18, which of the following would best meet this requirement?
NIBRS
As part of a school project, Jack compared the rate of victimization between teens and people over the age of 65. Jack was surprised when he learned that
as a teenager, Jack was 15 times more likely to be victimized than his grandparents.
In their controversial work, researchers John J. Donohue III and Steven Levitt found what empirical evidence to which the recent drop in the delinquency rate can be attributed?
availability of legalized abortions
What does the MTF survey show regarding the offending differences between African American and White youths?
african american youth commit more crime probably bc they are targeted more
While investigating Part I crimes you find that a little over 20% of all reported Part I crimes are cleared by one of the following methods. What is that method?
arrests
Scholars in delinquency have identified a variety of factors that influence juvenile crime rates and trends; it was noted that a harbinger of future increases in the delinquency rate may be a sudden increase in which of the following areas?
drug use
One of the few approaches to interpersonal change validated by research is a treatment that focuses on patterns of thinking and the beliefs, attitudes, and values that underlie thinking. What is the name of this program?
interpersonal pschyotherapy