KAAP Chapter 21

Internal respiration _______________. A. is the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by tissue cells B. is the movement of air into and out of the alveoli C. involves the physical movement of air into and out of the lungs D. includes all the processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body's interstitial fluids and the external environment

A.

Which characteristic is correct regarding an oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve? A. Where the slope is steep, a very small change in plasma PO2 will result in a large change in the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin or released from oxyhemoglobin. B. Blood entering the systemic circuit has a PCO2 of 95 mm Hg. C. Each arriving oxygen molecule decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for the next oxygen molecule. D. Venous blood, leaving peripheral tissues, contains minimal oxygen reserves.

A.

Which of the following is an accessory expiratory muscle? A. transversus thoracis muscle B. scalene muscle C. diaphragm D. external intercostal muscle

A.

Each terminal bronchiole supplies which singular structure? A. bronchiole B. tertiary bronchus C. pulmonary lobule D. secondary bronchus

C.

Respiratory minute volume, VE: A. is calculated by subtracting the dead space, VD, from the tidal volume, VT. B. is calculated by multiplying the respiratory rate, f, by the tidal volume, VT. C. is the amount of air reaching the alveoli each minute. D. is the amount of air one moves into or out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle.

B.

Emphysema: A. is a condition characterized by conducting passageways that are extremely sensitive to irritants. B. is a long-term inflammation and swelling of the bronchial lining. C. occurs due to the destruction of alveolar surfaces and inadequate surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. D. occurs in individuals identified as blue bloaters.

C.

Most of the carbon dioxide that is absorbed by blood: A. undergoes chloride shift. B. functions as pH buffers. C. is converted to carbonic acid. D. is converted to carbaminohemoglobin.

C.

Which is true regarding the Bohr effect on the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve? A. If the pH decreases, the saturation curve shifts to the left. B. If the temperature decreases, hemoglobin more readily gives up its oxygen reserves. C. If the pH decreases, hemoglobin releases more oxygen. D. If the pH increases, the saturation curve shifts to the right.

C.

Which statement regarding lung cancer is correct? A. Only smokers will develop lung cancer. B. Individuals with emphysema are not at risk for lung cancer. C. More Americans die from lung cancer than any other form of cancer. D. Lung cancers are not aggressive.

C.

The ventral respiratory group (VRG): A. controls lower motor neurons that innervate the external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm. B. is found in the pons. C. functions in every respiratory cycle. D. affects accessory inspiratory and expiratory muscles when breathing demands increase.

D.

Which structure is located most superior at the hilum of the left lung? A. oblique fissure B. primary bronchus C. pulmonary veins D. pulmonary artery

D.