KAAP221 CH 25 MASTERING PRACTICE QUESTION

Which buffers/buffer system exist(s) only in intracellular fluid? the phosphate buffer system the hemoglobin buffer system the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system amino acid buffers plasma protein buffers

the phosphate buffer system

How would a decrease in the pH of body fluids affect the respiratory rate? (Module 25.10B) Respiratory rate would increase. Respiratory rate would decrease. Respiratory rate would not change.

Respiratory rate would increase.

Antidiuretic hormone does not inhibit water reabsorption at the kidneys. increase thirst. cause water to shift out of the ICF. increase ECF sodium concentration. increase ECF volume.

cause water to shift out of the ICF.

With regard to fluid balance, water gains occur primarily in the liver. cardiopulmonary system. digestive tract. lungs. kidneys.

digestive tract.

Describe a fluid shift. (Module 25.2B) A fluid shift is a slow transfer of water from the ECF into the ICF. A fluid shift is a slow transfer of water from the ICF into the ECF. A fluid shift is the rapid movement of water from the solid compartments into the ECF and ICF in response to an osmotic gradient. A fluid shift is the rapid movement of water from the ECF and ICF into the solid components in response to an osmotic gradient. A fluid shift is the rapid movement of water between the ECF and ICF in response to an osmotic gradient.

A fluid shift is the rapid movement of water between the ECF and ICF in response to an osmotic gradient.

Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism? aldosterone natriuretic peptides norepinephrine epinephrine ADH

ADH

Define mineral balance. (Module 25.3A) Mineral balance occurs when the minerals in the ICF are isotonic to the minerals in the ECF. Mineral balance occurs when the blood plasma concentration of sodium is equal to chloride. Mineral balance occurs when ion gain and loss is equal to water gain and loss. Mineral balance occurs when the blood plasma concentration of sodium is equal to potassium. Mineral balance occurs when ion gains are equal to ion losses.

Mineral balance occurs when ion gains are equal to ion losses.

Identify factors that cause potassium excretion. (Module 25.5B) Potassium excretion is caused by an increase in aldosterone stimulation and when the pH of the ECF increases. Potassium excretion is caused by a decrease in aldosterone stimulation and when the pH of the ECF increases. Potassium excretion is caused by a decrease in aldosterone stimulation and when the pH of the ECF decreases. Potassium excretion is caused by an increase in aldosterone stimulation and when the pH of the ECF decreases. Potassium excretion is caused by an increase in aldosterone stimulation and when the pH of the ECF is neutral.

Potassium excretion is caused by an increase in aldosterone stimulation and when the pH of the ECF increases.

Describe the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system. (Module 25.8C) The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system uses the lungs to exhale CO2 to buffer pH. The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system uses the hydrogen ions created by the metabolic and fixed acids to generate carbonic acid which dissociates into H2O and CO2, which can be eliminated by the lungs. The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system uses the kidneys to secrete or excrete bicarbonate to buffer pH. The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system uses the side group, the amino group, and the carboxylate group of amino acids to buffer pH changes. The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system uses hemoglobin to buffer hydrogen ions.

The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system uses the hydrogen ions created by the metabolic and fixed acids to generate carbonic acid which dissociates into H2O and CO2, which can be eliminated by the lungs.

Which statement accurately describes responses to metabolic acidosis? The renal response to acidosis involves secreting HCO3-. Conversion of water to carbonic acid occurs. The respiratory response to acidosis involves lowering the PCO2. The renal response to acidosis involves absorbing H+ ions.

The respiratory response to acidosis involves lowering the PCO2.

Metabolic acids __________. are metabolized slowly are acid participants in, or by-products of, cellular metabolism are generated in small amounts during the catabolism of amino acids can leave the body by entering the atmosphere at the lungs

are acid participants in, or by-products of, cellular metabolism

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory acidosis? consequence of prolonged vomiting consequence of hyperventilation, for example in fever or mental illness consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation, for example due to emphysema consequence of tissue hypoxia, for example in ischemic conditions

consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation, for example due to emphysema

The release of natriuretic peptides from the heart will cause the following response increase in aldosterone release. increase in norepinephrine. increase in epinephrine. decrease of ADH release. increase in blood volume.

decrease of ADH release.

Increased blood volume will decrease sodium loss in urine. decrease water loss in urine. increase aldosterone release. decrease natriuretic peptide release. decrease thirst.

decrease thirst.

Small amounts of ________ acids are generated during the catabolism of amino acids and compounds that contain phosphate groups organic volatile fixed

fixed

Secretion of potassium into the urine is decreased by aldosterone. increased when the exchange pump binds H+. increased by aldosterone. associated with the secretion of sodium from the distal tubules and collecting ducts. None of the answers is correct.

increased by aldosterone.

The lowest amount of daily water loss occurs through which of the following methods of elimination? loss in feces evaporation at lungs metabolic water produced during catabolism evaporation at skin

loss in feces

If the kidneys are conserving HCO3- and eliminating H+ in acidic urine, which is occurring: metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis? (Module 25.9C) metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis

metabolic acidosis

Prolonged vomiting can result in metabolic acidosis. respiratory alkalosis. metabolic alkalosis. respiratory acidosis.

metabolic alkalosis.

The principal cation in cytoplasm is chloride. sodium. calcium. magnesium. potassium.

potassium

Intracellular fluid is found only within lymph. blood vessels. the interstitial space. the cells of the body. the cerebrospinal fluid.

the cells of the body.