Key terms updated update

Virgina Plan

A plan that called for 3 branches of government, a judicial, executive and legislature and the legislature based on population

John Dickson

Born: November 13, 1732 Birthplace: Talbot County, Maryland Education: Private tutors, Temple of London, England (Lawyer) Work: Elected to the Pennsylvania Assembly, 1764; Member of Stamp Act Congress, 1765; Member of the Continental Congress, 1774-1776, '79; Member of Delaware Assembly, 1780; Governor of Pennsylvania, 1782-1785; Member of Constitutional Convention, 1787; Member of Delaware Constitutional Convention, 1792. Died: February 14, 1808

Framers of the Constitution

Connecticut William. Samuel Johnson Roger Sherman Oliver Ellsworth (Elsworth)* Delaware George Read Gunning Bedford, Jr. John Dickinson Richard Bassett Jacob Broom Georgia William Few Abraham Baldwin William Houston* William L. Pierce* Maryland James McHenry Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer Daniel Carroll Luther Martin* John F. Mercer* Massachusetts Nathaniel Gorham Rufus King Elbridge Gerry* Caleb Strong* New Hampshire John Langdon Nicholas Gilman New Jersey William Livingston David Brearly (Brearley) William Paterson (Patterson) Jonathan Dayton William C. Houston* New York Alexander Hamilton John Lansing, Jr.* Robert Yates* North Carolina William. Blount Richard. Dobbs Spaight Hugh Williamson William R. Davie* Alexander Martin* Pennsylvania Benjamin Franklin Thomas Mifflin Robert Morris George Clymer Thomas Fitzsimons (FitzSimons; Fitzsimmons) Jared Ingersoll James Wilson Gouverneur Morris South Carolina John Rutledge Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Charles Pinckney Pierce Butler Rhode Island Rhode Island did not send any delegates to the Constitutional Convention. Virginia John Blair James Madison Jr. George Washington George Mason* James McClurg* Edmund J. Randolph* George Wythe*

Bill of rights; amendments

Constitutional Amendments 1-10 make up what is known as The Bill of Rights. Amendments 11-27

Slave trade

European trade agreement with Africa dealing with slaves brought from Africa. Integral part of Triangle Trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe.

Treaty of Greenvi

Gave America all of Ohio after General Mad Anthony Wayne battled and defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. 1795 Allowed Americans to explore the area with peace of mind that the land belonged to America and added size and very fertile land to America.

Gouverneur Morris

Gouverneur Morris (1752-1816) was an American politician, public official and diplomat. Born into a prominent New York family, he earned election to the state's provincial congress, and signed the Articles of Confederation as a New York delegate to the Continental Congress. Among the most vocal participants of the 1787 Constitutional Convention, Morris argued for granting Congress veto powers over state laws, direct election of the president and proportional representation in Congress based on taxation. Morris served as American minister to France from 1792-94, and as a New York senator from 1800-03. He later helped form the New-York Historical Society and was the founding chairman of the Erie Canal Commission.

Congress

Has the power to ratify treaties and delcare war, and the powere to make laws.

Henry Knox

In 1775 George Washington ordered him, the nation's first secreatry of war, to bring the British artillery back to the siege of Boston that was captured at Fort Ticonderoga.

Infant industries

In Alexander Hamilton's Financial Program, these newly developing businesses needed to be protected from foreign competition in the form of tariffs on imported goods

Alexander Hamilton

In March 1776 he became captain of a company of artillery and, a year later, a lieutenant colonel in the Continental Army and aide-de-camp to commanding general George Washington. Hamilton's ability was apparent, and he became one of Washington's most trusted advisers.

Kentucky and Virgina Resolution

statements passed in 1798 and 1799 that denounced the Alien and Sedition Acts and reminded states that they had the right to say when congress had stepped out of line.

Checks and balences

system set up so that branch has an equal share of the power in the goverment, and can prevent the others from abusing their power

Legislative branch

the branch of government having the power to make laws

National Bank

(1791)"Bank of the United States," part of Hamilton's economic plan that provided a safe storage for government funds, serve as an agent for the gov. in the collection, movement and expenditure of tax money and finance new and expanding business enterprises (speeding up national economic growth). It was partly owned by the government and by investors. It was opposed by Washington and Jefferson because the Constitution did not give the government power to set up a bank.

Senate

100 members, 2 members for each state. Members are elected every 6 years. The Vice President is the head of this body.

Public Land Act

1796 - Established orderly procedures for dividing and selling federal lands at reasonable prices.

Annapolis Convention

A convention held in September 1786 to consider problems of trade and navigation, attended by five states and important because it issued the call to Congress and the states for what became the Constitutional Convention

Constitutional Comvention

A convention to fix the Articles of Confederation

Tariffs

A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.

Three-fifths Compromise

Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment)

Commercial Compromise

Allowed Congress to regulate interstate and foreign commerce yet prohibited any tariffs on exported goods. This agreement incorporated the needs of both the Anti-Federalists and the Federalists to some degree.

James Madison

James Madison's Contribution to the Constitution In 1789, as a member of the newly created U.S. House of Representatives, James Madison introduced the first amendments (additions) to the Constitution, which are now known as the Bill of Rights. Ratification of the Constitution by some states was based on the expectation that the Constitution would be changed by amendments such as these. Madison originally drafted 19 amendments, 12 of which his congressional colleagues passed on to the states for their approval. On December 15, 1791, 10 had been ratified by enough states to become part of the Constitution. These amendments guarantee our individual rights as citizens, such as the freedom of speech, religion and the press (in the First Amendment). Seen here is a copy of Madison's notes for his speech introducing the Bill of Rights on the floor of the House of Representatives. In 1785, Madison had written one of the most significant essays regarding separation of religion and government (often referred to as the separation of church and state), which no doubt gave him inspiration for some of the Bill of Rights.

Mount Vernon Conference

Meeting of delegates from Virginia and Maryland who discussed issues that had arisen due to the Articles

New Jersey Plan

New Jersey delegate William Paterson's plan of government, in which states got an equal number of representatives in Congress

House of Representatives

One of the two parts of Congress, considered the "lower house." Representatives are elected directly by the people, with the number of representatives for each state determined by the state's population--has the power to impeach

Anti-federalists

The Antifederalists were a diverse coalition of people who opposed ratification of the Constitution. Although less well organized than the Federalists, they also had an impressive group of leaders who were especially prominent in state politics

Connecticut Plan

The Connecticut Plan called for a two-house Congress in which both types of representation would be applied, and is also known as the Compromise Plan.

The Federalist papers

The Federalist (later known as The Federalist Papers) is a collection of 85 articles and essays written (under the pseudonym Publius) by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution.

Federalists

The Federalist Party was the first American political party. It existed from the early 1790s to 1816 (the era of the First Party System); its remnants lasted into the 1820s. The Federalists called for a strong national government that promoted economic growth and fostered friendly relationships with Great Britain, as well as opposition to revolutionary France.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

The U.S. Army defeated the Native Americans under Shawnee Chief Blue Jacket and ended Native American hopes of keeping their land that lay north of the Ohio River

Electoral college systems

The system responsible for electing the president. The number of delegates in each state is the sum of their representatives and senators. This system was instituted because the Framers feared that direct election of the president would lead to mob rule.

Washington's Farewell Address

The final address by George Washington to his fellow citizens as he was leaving the presidency. He wrote the address in 1796 but never delivered it. Washington discussed the dangers of divisive party politics and warned strongly against permanent alliances between the United States and other countries.

Alien and Sedition Acts

These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams in 1798: the Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years; the Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens; the Alien Enemy Act, which allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at was with the US; and the Sedition Act, which made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials. The first 3 were enacted in response to the XYZ Affair, and were aimed at French and Irish immigrants, who were considered subversives. The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle Democratic-Republican opposition, although only 25 people were ever arrested, and only 10 convicted, under the law. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which initiated the concept of "nullification" of federal laws were written in response to the Acts.

permanent alliance

a permanent connection entered into for mutual benefit by two or more nations

Executive departments

agencies of the federal government responsible for carrying out laws, administering programs, and making regulations in their particular area of responsibility