KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS

Do you think you could give me a hand to move the sofa? MIND Would _____ me a hand to move the sofa

you mind giving

Roberto arrived late this morning because his train was delayed. TIME If the train ................................ Roberto would not have arrived late this morning.

If the train had been come on time Roberto would not have arrived late this morning.

The family went skiing a month ago MONTH It ............................... the family went skiing

It is a month since the family went skiing

I'm sure it was Ana I saw in town as I recognised her coat. MUST It ............................... I saw in town as I recognised her coat.

It must have been Ana I saw in town as I recognised her coat.

ought to have checked

It was careless of him to go without checking the times. OUGHT He .................................................... the times before going.

I had never met Pia's husband before. FIRST It ............................... I had ever met Pia's husband.

It was the first time I had ever met Pia's husband.

ought to have asked

It was very bad of you to use my mobile without asking my permission. OUGHT You .................................................... before you used my mobile.

John never takes any notice of what his children say ATTENTION John ......................... what his children say

John never pays any attention to what his children say

Melany admired the painting very much. (of) Melany was ............................................................. the painting.

Melany was full of admiration for the painting.

Her sister is the only person to know APART _____ her sister knows

Nobody apart from

ought to have asked

OUGHT. It was bad of you to use my mobile without my permission You... before you used my mobile

would rather arrive

RATHER I prefer to arrive an hour early. I ... an hour early

It is a good idea to learn Chinese to improve your future job prospects TAKING _____ is a good way to enhance your work opportunities

Taking up Chinese

The car had almost stopped when it hit the wall. (hardly) The car ................................................... when it hit the wall.

The car was hardly moving when it hit the wall.

The film will have started, so it's not worth going to the cinema now. POINT The film will have started, so .......................... to the cinema now.

The film will have started, so there is no point in going to the cinema now.

1. Because it snowed heavily during the night the motorway is closed. DUE The motorway is closed ........................................ that there was heavy snow the night before.

The motorway is closed DUE to the fact that there was heavy snow the night before.

He was ordered to leave the field for arguing with the referee. sent The referee ....................................... for arguing.

The referee sent him off the field for arguing.

'Don't do that again, or you'll be in trouble!' said the teacher. (warned) The students ................................................. do that again.

The students were warned not to do that again.

The police are interviewing the suspects. interviewed The suspects ..................................... by the police.

The suspects are being interviewed by the police.

the two boys were sitting by themselves in the classroom. OWN The two boys were sitting .............................. in the classroom.

The two boys were sitting on their own in the classroom.

Being rude is inexcusable. excuse There is ............................. rude

There is no excuse for being rude

The lecture was cancelled because the professor was ill CALLED They .................. because the professor was ill.

They called off the lecture because the professor was ill.

is said to eat snails.

They say he eats snails. SAID He .................................................... .

would not let them

They weren't allowed to stay out late when they lived with their parents. LET Their parents .................................................... stay out late when they lived at home.

Although the weather was terrible we had a good time. spite We had a good time .................... the terrible weather.

We had a good time in spite of the terrible weather.

We demanded to see the hotel manager to make our complaint. SEEING We ........................................ the hotel manager to make our complaint.

We insisted on seeing the hotel manager to make our complaint.

it was necessary to arrive

We knew we had to arrive by nine. NECESSARY We knew that .................................................... by nine.

That car was too expensive for us to buy. (not) We would have bought that car ............................... so expensive.

We would have bought that car if it had not been so expensive.

You can't bring food into this room. supposed You ........................................ food into this room.

You .are not supposed to bring food into this room.

You must do exactly what the manager tells you. (carry) You must ..................................... the instructions exactly.

You must carry out the instructions exactly.

You must do exactly what the teacher tell you CARRY You must .......................... instructions exactly

You must carry out the teacher's instructions exactly.

I think the weather will improve next week CHANGE I think there'll be _____ better in the weather next week

a change for the

It took me some time to understand fully what happened WHILE It was _____ understood what had happened

a while before/until/till I fully

We are not often invited to meetings at the college ACCUSTOMED We are not ________ to meetings at the college.

accustomed to being invited

Brian was really interested in North American history in his school days INTEREST Brian had _____ North American history in his school days

an interest in

When it comes to computer games, she is a real expert CONCERNED As far _____, she is a real expert

as computer games is concerned

Lisa was just about to leave the house when the phone rang POINT Lisa was _____ the house when the phone rang

at the point of leaving

Police are warning people to check for forged notes which ... LOOKOUT Police are warning people to _____ for forged notes which ...

be on the lookout

Apparently, they're planning on rerouting the traffic to reduce congestion. DRAWN Plans are _____ the traffic to reduce congestion

being drawn up to reroute

He was surprised to be offered a place in the course CAME The offer of a place in the course _____ to him

came as a surprise

He has the ability to become world judo champion CAPABLE He is _____ the world championship in judo

capable of winning

A number of sporting events had to be cancelled owing to the bad weather LED Bad weather _____ of a number of sporting events

did not led the celebration

Sarah cried her eyes out immediately she was told she failed the exam TEARS Sarah broke ____________________________ as she heard she had failed the exam

down in tears as soon

The company is almost certain to get the contract EVERY The company stands _____ the contract

every chance of getting

He was asked to give an explanation for making the mistake WHY He was asked to _____ the mistake

explain why he made

How can I make him understand that I don't want to see him any more? ACROSS How can I _____ that I don't want to see him any more?

get it across

What did you think about the exam? I couldn't understand the last question at all HEAD What did you think about the exam? I couldn't _____________________ the last question

get my head round

The reduction in the price of the magazines led to a growth in sales RESULT Sales of the magazine _____ the reduction in the price

grew as a result of

She has learnt a substantial amount from her university course GAINED She _____ substantial amount of knowledge from her university course

has gained a

I've been greatly impressed by the way he deals with problems MADE His way of dealing with problems _____ me

has made an impression on

The two situations are completely different COMMON The two situations don't _____ each other

have anything in common with

She hasn't written to me recently HEARD I _____ a while

have not heard from her for/in

He would have called yesterday if he had had more time SHORT He didn't call yesterday because _____ time

he was short of

The anti-smoking advertisement does not stop people from smoking INEFFECTIVE The anti-smoking advertisement is _____ people from smoking

ineffective at stopping

If you must be noisy could you go outside and play INSIST If you _____ noise could you go outside and play.

insist on making a

Carlos really should get someone to mend his bike HIGH It _____ that Carlos has his bike mended

is high recommended

Apparently, the restaurant in town has been bought by someone else UNDER I hear that the restaurant in town _____ management

is under new

There's no point arguing about this small detail, in my opinion WORTH This small detail _____, in my opinion

isn't/is not worth arguing about

I'm so sorry, I didn't realise it was so late TRACK Sorry, I _____ the time

lost track of

It was a mistake not to write the telephone number down. POINT I should have _____ down the telephone number.

made a point of writing

He didn't mention that REFERENCE He didn't _____ to that

make any reference

You may not get the job COST It _____ the job

may cost you

It's possible that they got the wrong idea and thought the party was next week REACHED They _____ the wrong conclusion and thought the party was next week.

might have reached

When it comes to population, Beijing's is much bigger than Auckland's POPULATED Beijing is _____ Auckland

much more populated than

I'm sure we went the wrong way at the last junction TAKEN We _________________________________________ turn at the last junction

must have taken the wrong

I was amazed because there were no problem throughout the holiday WENT To _____ wrong throughout the holiday

my amazement, nothing went

Sam never thought of asking me for my advice OCCURRED It _____ Sam to ask me for advice

never occurred to

I'm so sorry we have to endure this weather PUT If only we did __________________________________________ this weather

not have to put up with

There has been a sharp rise in the price of petrol this month RISEN The price _____ this month

of petrol has risen

Bill said, 'I'll take you to the airport in my car' GIVE Bill _____________________________________ to the airport

offered me a lift

John was surprised when he won the election and became President RATHER John was _______________________________ when he was elected as President

rather taken aback

Parents predict chaos in schools unless the strike is called off RESULT Parents claim it will _____ the teacher's strike goes ahead.

result in chaos if

"Do you want to go and see the new play at the ...?" Petra asked her friend INTERESTED Petra asked her friend whether_____ to see the new play at the ...

she was interested in going

The manager should think about experience when hiring new staff CONSIDERATION The manager should _____ when hiring new staff

take experience into consideration

If your order is delayed, we will contact you DELAY Should _____ to your order, we will contact you

there be any/a delay

If he doesn't get that job, who knows what he'll do KNOWING If he doesn't get that job, _____ what he'll do

there is no knowing

She was very pleased to be given an award DELIGHT Much _____ she was given the award

to her delight

My sister finds commuting everyday really annoying. PUT It's difficult for my sister ____________________ commuting every day.

to put up with

Jenny felt she had stayed too long at the party HIGH Jenny felt it _____________________________________________ the party

was high time she left

They put Roger in charge of health and safety MADE Roger _____ health and safety

was made responsible for

Tom's company had less success with its exports this year SO Tom's company _____ with its exports this year

was no so successful

When I realised what had happened, I became quite afraid OVERCOME I _____ when I worked out what had occurred

was overcome with fear

Everyone believed my claims about once being a famous singer TAKEN Everyone ___________________________ my claims about once being a famous singer

was taken in by

Do you think she is likely to win the competition? CHANCE Do you think she is in _____ the competition?

with a chance of winning

Can you possibly get me the work as soon as possible. APPRECIATE I _____ you could get the work to me as soon as possible.

would appreciate it if

got used to the climate

"Is Andy accustomed to the climate yet?" USED "Has Andy .................................................... yet?"

I don't care what you do. CONCERNED As ........................................ you can do what you like.

As far as I am concerned you can do what you like.

would not let us take

Because of the snow, we weren't allowed to take the mountain road. LET Because of the snow, the police .................................................... the mountain road.

would rather eat sandwiches

Dave prefers eating sandwiches to a proper meal. RATHER Dave .................................................... than a proper meal.

2. Did you manage to get in contact with the boss today? GETTING Did you ........................................ in contact with the boss today?

Did you manage in succeed in getting in contact with the boss today?

would not let him go.

He wasn't allowed to go because of his parents. LET His parents...

His boss won't tolerate lateness. put His boss won't .................................. lateness.

His boss won't put up with lateness.

I find driving on the left in England very strange. accustomed I ..................................... on the left in England.

I am not accustomed to driving on the left in England.

I am so sorry I didn't pay you on time. (apologise) I ............................................................ you on time.

I apologise for not having paid you on time.

would rather arrive

I prefer to arrive an hour early. RATHER I .................................................... an hour early.

You might get thirsty, so I put a flask of tea in your bag. (case) I put a flask of tea in your bag ______________________________ thirsty.

I put a flask of tea in your bag in case you get thirsty.

I was too tired to go to the party. THAT I was ........................................ I couldn't go to the party.

I was so tired that I couldn't go to the party.

I regret taking up smoking. wish I ..................................... up smoking.

I wish I had not taken up smoking.

'I have an interview tomorrow, so I ought to leave soon,' Yannis said. BETTER 'I have an interview tomorrow, so I ............... soon,' Yannis said.

'I have an interview tomorrow, so I had better leave soon,' Yannis said.