Kin 111 Midterm

What are some of the uses of Sport can have a variety of purposes depending on the context?

May socialize children into the culture May legitimize political leaders May be associated with a group's identity and sense of pride May serve as a catalyst for political resistance May be a form of self-expression May be religious means through which individuals connect with the supernatural realm

conflict theory

- Conflict Theory Approach: people and social institutions are shaped by economic factors - Also can use the Internalization model •socialization from this perspective is to create compliant workers & eager consumers

interactionist theory

- Focuses on the meaning, social relationships, and sub-cultures of sport - People's interactions are based on norms, values and roles that make up society

Cultural Ethnocentricity

- The belief that one's own culture is superior to another one - The human perspective is typically "ethnocentric"—believing that the ways of one's own culture are the only proper ones.

critical theory

- Various approaches concerned with culture, power and social relations - Power is seen as force that influences social life •Examine how people obtain power and privilege

Expressive sport culture

- all cultures have sport and have a sense of what makes something "sport"

Cultural Adaptation/Acculturation

- defined as the degree to which a person has adapted to the dominant culture while retaining traditional practices - can be seen as describing a spectrum between immersion in the dominant culture and immersion in an ethnic culture - high levels of acculturation can have positive health benefits, though some health-positive aspects of traditional culture may also be lost

What are the aspects of play?

- has rules - contains chance - often contains tension

What are some examples of upper class UK sport in the 1800s-1900s?

- ping pong - rugby

What are Anthropologists concerned with?

- why some are teams and some are individual - social roles of people involved - "goals" and how they are achieved - danger & violence -group identity - link or separate different groups

What is gaelic football?

15 players Goal is to kick the ball over the opponents' goal post If they get it over the bar its worth 1 score and a goal is worth 3 points Skill of soccer and the physical components of rugby and high scoring of basketball Most popular sport in Ireland H shaped goals, kick/strike the ball with your hands Football final for is the most watched event in the nation and Gaelic football is the most popular sport, but soccer is the most played sport in Ireland

Where was cricket created?

1727

When were the laws of British association football were created?

1863

How many stages does a bullfight consists of?

3 stages 1. provoke the bull, stab it to weaken it 2.try to weaken bull more causing it to charge 3. matador does its thing then kills it :(

What are toros?

6 bulls

Subculture

A distinctive set of standards and behavior patterns by which a group within a larger society operates.

Society

A group of interdependent people who share a common culture.

The process of transmitting culture from one generation to the next is called enculturation?

Acculturation is passing cultural knowledge from one generation to the next

Know the basics of Swedish gymnastics in the 1800s?

Alternative to German gymnastics Light gymnastics with therapeutic emphasis Per Henrik - father of gymnastics Per Ling (1776-1839_ àtypes of gymnastics: educational, military, medical, and aesthetics gymnastics Hjalmar Ling (1820-1886) àrole in developing school gymnastics and curriculum; Day's Order - daily exercises for school children

What do sport Anthropologist study?

Anthropologists are particularly well placed to analyze the complexities of what human beings do in social groups and to understand the power of sport to variously provoke pleasure, incite violence, arouse competition and promote sociality.

Art

Art is the application of imagination, skill, and style to matter, movement, and sound that goes beyond purely the practical

functionalism.

Assumes we can study society as a system that functions based on the people in it

What is the political history behind Barcelona and Catalonia in soccer?

Barcelona is a city in Spain that has wanted to secede from Spain. Barcelona has their own language (Catalon) unique from Spain. Barcelona alone makes a lot of money and this is the reason Spain does not allow Barcelona to secede. One of the reasons Barcelona makes a lot of money is because they have one of the best soccer teams in the world (Barcelona FC). Real Madrid, soccer team, which represents Madrid and Spain, main rival is Barcelona FC. When these two teams play, it is more than a soccer rivalry, it is Catalonia vs Spain.

What is bare-knuckle boxing in Ireland? Who does it?

Bare Knuckle Boxing is a stand-up fight, where the contestants use their fists only. There will be no kicking, kneeing, elbows, wrestling, throw downs, biting, or eye gouging. Fights under our rules will be contested in bare knuckles only, with protective wrapping allowed only on the lower hand and wrist areas.

What is the basic history of N Ireland?

Catholic vs. Protestant Primary vs. secondary schooling Sport segregated (Irish vs. British) 1998 Good Friday Agreement - sport organizations were at the forefront of change Irish Football Association Gaelic Football Association Football4Peace - Sporting bodies have embraced the concept of inter community relations through sport

What are Blood sports?

Competition that explicitly seeks to bring about a flow of blood or even death

Components of culture?

Cultural knowledge- world view Cultural behavior- the actual behavior Cultural artifact- what people make

What does culture consists of?

Culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society

What purpose did Turner societies in the US for German immigrants in the 1800s?

Defeat in War of 1848, movement was suppressed, and many Turners left Germany and some emigrated to the US 48ers went on to become Civil War soldiers, the great majority in the Union Army, and American politicians Turners served as physical educators, social, political and cultural organizations for German immigrants, and also were active in the American public education and labor movements - leading Germans to unification

Who is Per Henrik Ling?

Father of Swedish gymnastics

Who is the Father of gymnastics in Germany?

Friedrich ludwig jahn (Turnvater Jahn) born in 1778

What is the most popular sport in Ireland?

Gaelic football 34% attendance rate

What influences changes in Sports and games?

Globalization, which brings in new materials, new technology, new ideas, and new styles to many Sports of the world

What was the meaning of Swedish PE for its people?

Growth of popularity in games and a decline in gymnastics

What is play?

Have no direct, utilitarian purpose for the participants

Functionalist Approach

Internalization model-Internalize the rules and roles of the society in which they live

why do sport or games develop?

It starts as leisure, followed by play, and finally sport.

Where did Turner societies mainly occur in the US.?

Louisville, Kentucky

What was the focus of Swedish physical education?

Scientific study of physical education Used autonomy and physiology to study the effects of physical education on the body Less emphasis on strength than German approach Influenced by nationalism

What is sectarianism in Scotland/Ireland soccer?

Sectarianism in Glasgow takes the form of religious and political sectarian rivalry between Roman Catholics and Protestants.

Functionalist Approach

Society shapes and molds the young to fit in and contribute to society

What are the main aspects of bullfighting?

Spectator sport Considered an art form and an integral part of Spanish culture It is about performance, bravery, skill, and death Can be considered controversial

how can sport and games can be evaluated?

Sport and games can be evaluated through surveys.

What does Sport reinforce in people and culture?

Sports culture displays a discourse that is split between universalism (humanity united by the love of and respect for the game) and particularism (humanity fractured into competing, partisan clusters that support one team - sometimes violently - against national, racial, and ethnic others)

What are matadores?

Test the bull for its ferocity - 3 matadors Has first confrontation with the bull Stabs the bull between the shoulder blades, piercing the heart at which the bull dies instantly

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one's own culture is superior to another one

Ethnicity

The characteristic of...people who share a common and distinctive racial, national, religion, linguistic, or cultural heritage"

What is the The Ashes tournament, and who takes part?

The highest profile rival of the team is the Australian team, with which it competes for The Ashes, one of the most famous trophies in British sport.

Culture

The values, beliefs, and perceptions of the world shared by members of a society, that they use to interpret experience and generate behavior, and that are reflected in their behavior.

What is a "world-view"?

The way people interpret the world around them

How is Culture and sport transmitted?

Through material cultural heritage, intangible cultural heritage, and cultural heritage preservation ??

Do all human societies exhibit some sport or games?

Yes, all cultures have Sport and have a sense of what makes something "Sport"

What is the Turnverein ("gymnastic unions") movement?

a movement that basically tried to start a gymnastics team in the early 19th century but failed.

Which social classes played soccer?

all social classes however, they were semi-professional so most players had other full time jobs

What was the issue with amateurism in 1800s British sport?

amateurism evolved from a set of ideas about how sport should be played into the dominant ideology of athletics and many team sports.

What are examples of blood sports?

cockfighting, dog fighting, bull fighting

What is Lord's Stadium?

cricket is played at this venue

Which nations are part of the United Kingdom?

england, scotland, wales, northern ireland

Ethno-esthetics

ethno-esthetics - refers to local cultural definitions of what sport is

Expressive culture

expressive culture is behavior and beliefs related to sport, leisure, and play

What is a British sport that has changed due to modern times?

football

What is the most popular sport in England?

football

What is hurling?

football and hockey combined

What is Wembley Stadium?

football is played at this venue

Where was Table tennis created and when?

in england in 1880

Social Phenomena

include all behavior that influences or is influenced by organisms sufficiently alive to respond to one another

What is Irish road bowling?

is an Irish sport in which competitors attempt to take the fewest throws to propel a metal ball along a predetermined course of country roads

Who are Celtic and Rangers?

league. Both teams and fans dislike each other due to their religious differences. Rangers FC fans are mainly protestant and Celtic FC fans are mainly Roman Catholic.

Who played rugby league and where in the UK?

rich and upper class north of england

Which played rugby originally?

rich upper class

What is the basic difference between rugby league and rugby union?

rugby league: played mainly in the north of England rugby union: played in the rest of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.

Where was rugby union played in the UK?

the rest of england, scotland, wales, and ireland

world view

the way people interpret the world around them

How are Sport and games transmitted?

through ideas, emotions, and desires expressed through language

When was "mob football" in the UK?

would be played between neighbor towns and villages, involving an unlimited number of players on opposing teams who would clash each other, struggling to move an item, such as inflated animal's bladder, to particular geographical points, such as their opponents' church, with play taking place in the open space between neighbor parishes.

Cultural Relativism

• Posits that all cultures are of equal value • Attempts to take a neutral, objective view of differing cultures • Incorporates relativism with respect to culture's varying moral codes

What is the basics of road bowling?

•A bowl (A heavy cast iron ball is thrown from a start point to a predetermined end point, usually 1-2 miles away. •The winner being the person/team who reaches the end in the least number of throws.

What is up with Oxford and Cambridge and rowing races?

•In the nineteenth century, students at Oxford and Cambridge, Britain's two oldest universities, were huge fans of rowing. •In 1829, the two schools agreed to hold a race against each other for the first time on the Thames River.

What are British country sports?

•Polo •Table Tennis (ping pong) •Badminton •Fishing (Angling) •Swimming •Darts •Boating

Sweden - PE 1800s

•Scientific study of physical education •Used anatomy and physiology to study the effects of physical education on the body. •Less emphasis on strength than German approach •Influenced by nationalism.