KIN 245 Exam 2 (Ch. 4-7)
Match the following types of rotation that occurs in the shoulder joint (in the left column) with their corresponding descriptions (in the right column).
External rotation - Movement of the humerus laterally in the transverse plane around its long axis away from the midline Internal rotation - Movement of the humerus in the transverse plane medially around its long axis toward the midline
Identify an action performed by the infraspinatus muscle.
External rotation of the glenohumeral joint
A movement of the forearm away from the shoulder is best described by the term "flexion."
False
In the anatomical position, the radius is more medial than the ulna.
False
Lateral epicondylitis is a condition that occurs less commonly than medial epicondylitis.
False
Posterior dislocations occur frequently at the glenohumeral joint.
False
The elbow joint is a hinge-type joint that allows only internal and external rotation in the sagittal plane.
False
The insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle is on the coracoid process of the scapula.
False
The insertion of the deltoid muscle is on the humeral tuberosity on the lateral humerus.
False
The levator scapulae muscle is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve C5 and branches of C6.
False
The olecranon process is located on the medial aspect of the ulna.
False
The origin of the levator scapulae muscle is the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first five thoracic vertebrae.
False
The origin of the pectoralis major muscle is the coracoid process of the scapula.
False
The origin of the rhomboid muscles is the spinous processes of the last cervical and the first seven thoracic vertebrae.
False
The origin of the serratus anterior muscle is the surface of the upper seven ribs at the side of the chest.
False
The pectoralis minor muscle can perform adduction, downward rotation, or depression when contracting concentrically.
False
The stability of the glenohumeral joint is enhanced by its significant mobility.
False
The sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve arising from C5, C6, and C7.
False
The sternoclavicular joint is supported anteriorly by the costoclavicular ligament.
False
The trapezius muscles can cause adduction in a transverse plane of motion when contracting eccentrically.
False
True or false: Only supination and pronation are possible in the elbow joint.
False
True or false: The movement of the shoulder girdle is entirely dependent on the shoulder joint and its muscles.
False
True or false: The scapulothoracic joint of the shoulder girdle is a true synovial joint.
False
What is the point of insertion of the extensor pollicis longus muscle?
Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
What is the point of insertion of the flexor pollicis longus muscle?
Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
What is the point of insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle?
Base of the fifth metacarpal
What is the point of insertion of the abductor pollicis longus muscle?
Base of the first metacarpal
What is the point of insertion of the extensor digiti minimi muscle?
Base of the middle and distal phalanxes of the fifth phalange
What is the point of insertion of the extensor indicis muscle?
Base of the middle and distal phalanxes of the second phalange
Identify the point of insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis muscle?
Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
What is the point of insertion of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?
Base of the second and third metacarpals
What is the point of insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle?
Base of the second metacarpal
What is the point of insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle?
Base of the third metacarpal
Identify an exercise that best strengthens the coracobrachialis muscle.
Bench press
The lateral supracondylar ridge is an anatomical landmark located on the radius.
False (located on humerus)
An action of the trapezius muscle is _____ for deltoid action.
Fixation of the scapula
Identify an action performed by all the heads of the triceps brachii muscle.
Extension of the elbow
What is the point of origin of the supinator muscle?
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and neighboring posterior part of the ulna
Match the two muscular disorders (in the left column) with their corresponding features (in the right column). Lateral epicondylitis Medial epicondylitis
Lateral epicondylitis - Associated with the extensor digitorum muscle near its origin on the lateral epicondyle Medial epicondylitis - Associated with the wrist flexor and pronator group near their origin on the medial epicondyle
What is the point of insertion of the brachioradialis muscle?
Lateral surface of the distal end of the radius at the styloid process
What is the point of insertion of the supinator muscle?
Lateral surface of the proximal radius just below the head
Identify the extrinsic muscles of the glenohumeral joint. (Check all that apply.)
Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis major
The scapula is unable to move on the trunk without movement of the sternoclavicular and/or acromioclavicular joints.
True
The serratus anterior muscle when contracting concentrically performs abduction in a transverse plane of motion.
True
The shoulder joint agonists that perform flexion are the anterior deltoid, the upper pectoralis major, and the coracobrachialis muscles.
True
The teres minor muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve arising from C5 and C6.
True
The ulna is much larger proximally than the radius.
True
The ulnar collateral ligament is critical to providing medial support to prevent the elbow from abducting when stressed in physical activity.
True
True or false: In the context of movement in the elbow or the radioulnar joints, we depend on both the agonists and the antagonists in the surrounding joints to provide an appropriate amount of stabilization and assistance with the required task.
True
The infraspinatus has the following insertion: posteriorly on the greater ________ of the humerus
Tubercle
Any movement of the humerus on the scapula will involve part or all of the _____ muscle.
deltoid
The trapezius lower fibers primary movements include adduction, _________, and upward rotation.
depression
The primary movement of the levator scapulae is __________
elevation
The trapezius lower fibers are involved concentrically in all of the following actions except:
elevation
Upward or superior movement of the scapula is termed ______________
elevation
The flexor pollicis longus is stretched by passively _____.
extending the entire thumb while simultaneously maintaining maximal wrist extension
The extensor indicis muscle is responsible for _____.
extending the index finger
The primary function of the extensor digiti minimi muscle is to assist the extensor digitorum in _____.
extending the little finger
A concentric action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major, and lower pectoralis major is _______.
extension
In the context of elbow movements, the movement of the forearm away from the shoulder by straightening the elbow to increase its angle is known as _____.
extension
Movement of the humerus straight posteriorly from any point in the sagittal plane is termed ___________-
extension
The primary function of the flexor pollicis longus muscle is _____, which is vital in gripping and grasping activities of the hand.
flexion of the thumb
The _____ muscle can be palpated on the anteromedial surface of the forearm, a few inches below the medial epicondyle of the humerus to just proximal to the wrist.
flexor carpi ulnaris
The _____ is used in any type of gripping, squeezing, or hand-clenching activity, such as gripping a racket or climbing a rope.
flexor digitorum profundus
The _____ muscle assists in wrist flexion because of its palmar relationship to the wrist.
flexor digitorum profundus
In the _____ muscle, each tendon splits and attaches to the sides of the middle phalanx of the four fingers.
flexor digitorum superficialis
The long head of the triceps brachii muscle originates from the:
infraglenoid tubercle below the inferior lip of the glenoid fossa of the scapula.
The _____ muscle can be palpated just below the spine of the scapula passing upward and laterally to the humerus during resisted external rotation.
infraspinatus
The _____ muscle has its point of insertion in the medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus just posterior to the insertion of the latissimus dorsi.
teres major
The _____ muscle is effective only when the rhomboid muscles stabilize the scapula or move the scapula in downward rotation.
teres major
The ___________ has the following insertion: medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus, just posterior to the attachment of the latissimus dorsi.
teres major
The _____ functions similarly to the infraspinatus in providing dynamic posterior stability to the glenohumeral joint.
teres minor
The _____ muscle originates posteriorly on the upper and middle aspect of the lateral border of the scapula.
teres minor
The trapezius middle fibers have the following origin: spinous process of the ______________ cervical and upper three thoracic vertebrae.
7th
The acromioclavicular joint of the shoulder girdle is a(n) _____.
Arthrodial Joint
Match the shoulder girdle movements (in the left column) to their corresponding features (in the right column). Instructions
Abduction - Movement of the scapula laterally away from the spinal column Adduction - Movement of the scapula medially toward the spinal column Depression - Downward movement of the scapula Elevation - Superior movement of the scapula
Which of the following is an action of the middle fibers of the deltoid muscles?
Abduction and horizontal abduction
Identify an action performed by the deltoid muscle.
Abduction of the glenohumeral joint
Where can the supraspinatus muscle be palpated?
Anterior and superior to the spine of the scapula in the supraspinous fossa
Match the fibers of the deltoid muscle (in the left column) with their corresponding points of origins (in the right column). Instructions
Anterior fibers - Anterior lateral third of the clavicle Middle fibers - Lateral aspect of the acromion Posterior fibers - Inferior edge of the spine of the scapula
Where can the flexor carpi radialis muscle be palpated?
Anterior surface of the wrist, slightly lateral, in line with the second and third metacarpals
Where can the palmaris longus muscle be palpated?
Anteromedial and central aspect of the anterior forearm just proximal to the wrist
The two bones that are primarily involved in movements of the shoulder girdle are the scapula and the ______.
Clavicle
What is the point of insertion for the pectoralis minor muscle?
Coracoid process of the scapula
What is the point of origin of the coracobrachialis muscle?
Coracoid process of the scapula
Which of the following exercises strengthens the biceps brachii?
Curling
Where can the brachialis muscle be palpated?
Deep on either side of the biceps tendon during flexion/extension
What is the point of insertion of the pronator quadratus muscle?
Distal fourth of the anterior side of the radius
What is the point of origin of the brachialis muscle?
Distal half of the anterior shaft of the humerus
Where can the extensor pollicis longus muscle be palpated?
Dorsal aspect of the hand to its insertion on the base of the distal phalanx
Identify an action performed by the rhomboid muscle.
Downward rotation of the scapula
Select all that apply Identify the actions performed by the pectoralis minor muscle. (Check all that apply.)
Downward rotation of the scapula Depression of the scapula
Which of the following actions is performed concentrically by the levator scapulae muscle?
Elevation
Match the following movements of the shoulder joint (in the left column) with their corresponding descriptions (in the right column). Instructions
Flexion - Movement of the humerus straight anteriorly from any point in the sagittal plane Extension - Movement of the humerus straight posteriorly from any point in the sagittal plane Abduction - Upward lateral movement of the humerus in the frontal plane out to the side Adduction - Downward movement of the humerus in the frontal plane medially toward the body
Match the movements that occur in the hand and wrist joints (in the left column) with their corresponding descriptions (in the right column). Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction
Flexion - Movement of the palm of the hand toward the anterior or volar aspect of the forearm Extension - Movement of the back of the hand toward the posterior or dorsal aspect of the forearm Abduction - Movement of the thumb side of the hand toward the lateral aspect or radial side of the forearm Adduction - Movement of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial aspect or ulnar side of the forearm
Identify an action performed by the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle.
Flexion of the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints
Identify an action performed by the coracobrachialis muscle.
Flexion of the glenohumeral joint
Where can the lower fibers of the pectoralis major be palpated?
From the ribs and sternum to the intertubercular groove of the humerus
Identify an exercise that emphasizes supraspinatus action.
Full-can exercise
Which of the following is an action of the biceps brachii muscle?
Horizontal adduction of the shoulder joint
_____ occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles become irritated and inflamed as they pass through the subacromial space between the acromion process of the scapula and the head of the humerus.
Impingement syndrome
Where can the subclavius muscle be palpated?
Inferior to the middle third of the clavicle
Identify an action performed by the subscapularis muscle.
Internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint
Identify an accurate statement about the scapulothoracic joint of the shoulder girdle.
It does not have regular synovial features.
Identify an accurate statement about the latissimus dorsi muscle.
It is assisted in all its actions by the teres major.
Identify the true statements about the infraspinatus muscle. (Check all that apply.)
It is called upon eccentrically to slow down the arm from high velocity internal rotation activities. It is the most powerful of the external rotators.
Identify a true statement about the acromioclavicular joint of the shoulder girdle.
It is one of the most common areas of injury to the shoulder girdle.
Identify an accurate statement about the deltoid muscle.
It is used in any lifting movement.
Which of the following statements is true about the carrying angle?
It permits the forearms to clear the pelvis in the swinging movements during walking.
Identify an accurate statement about the pectoralis minor muscle.
It works along with the serratus anterior muscle in most movements of pushing with the hands.
Where can the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle be palpated?
Just lateral to the ulnar styloid process and crossing the posteromedial wrist
Shrugging the shoulders calls the _____ muscle into play, along with the upper trapezius muscle.
Levator scapulae
Select all that apply Identify the muscles that are involved in shoulder girdle movements. (Check all that apply.)
Levator scapulae Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior
Match the parts of the biceps brachii muscle (in the left column) with their corresponding points of origin (in the right column). Instructions Long head Short head
Long head - Supraglenoid tubercle above the superior lip of the glenoid fossa Short head - Coracoid process of the scapula and upper lip of the glenoid fossa
Identify the point of insertion of the levator scapulae muscle.
Medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the scapular spine
Where can the levator scapulae muscle be palpated?
Medial to the superior angle of the scapula, particularly during slight elevation
The sternoclavicular joint of the shoulder girdle is a(n) _____ joint.
Multiaxial
The muscles of the shoulder girdle are innervated primarily from the _____.
Nerves of the cervical plexus and brachial plexus
Match the movements of the thumb (in the left column) with their corresponding descriptions (in the right column). Opposition Reposition
Opposition - Movement of the thumb across the palmar aspect to oppose any or all of the phalanges Reposition - Movement of the thumb as it returns to the anatomical position from opposition with the hand
What is the point of insertion of the palmaris longus muscle?
Palmar aponeurosis of the second, third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals
What is the best way to palpate the lateral portion of the subscapularis muscle?
Palpating between the scapula and rib cage with one hand while pulling the medial border laterally with the other hand
The middle fibers of the trapezius muscle are stretched by _____.
Passively pulling the scapula into full protraction
Match the nerves (in the left column) with the muscles of the shoulder joint they innervate (in the right column). Instructions
Pectoral nerves - Pectoralis major Thoracodorsal nerve - Latissimus dorsi Upper and lower subscapular nerves - Subscapularis Suprascapular nerve - Supraspinatus and infraspinatus
In reaching straight across the front of the body at shoulder level to touch the anterior aspect of the contralateral with the fingers, which of the following muscles must work together?
Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor
The _____ muscle is used, along with the serratus anterior muscle, in true abduction without rotation.
Pectoralis minor
Match the shoulder girdle muscles (in the left column) with their locations and actions (in the right column).
Pectoralis minor - Anteriorly located and performs abduction, downward rotation, and depression Subclavius - Anteriorly located and performs depression and abduction Rhomboid - Posteriorly located and performs adduction, downward rotation, and elevation
What is the point of insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?
Pisiform, hamate, and base of the fifth metacarpal
Where can the triceps brachii muscle be palpated?
Posterior arm during resisted extension from a flexed position
What is the point of origin of the abductor pollicis longus muscle?
Posterior aspect of the radius and midshaft of the ulna
What is the point of origin of the extensor pollicis brevis muscle?
Posterior surface of the lower middle radius
Identify the point of insertion of the teres minor muscle.
Posteriorly on the greater tubercle of the humerus
Identify the point of origin of the teres major muscle.
Posteriorly on the inferior third of the lateral border of the scapula
Identify an action performed by the brachioradialis muscle?
Pronation of the forearm
Identify an action performed by the pronator teres muscle.
Pronation of the forearm
What is the point of origin of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle?
Proximal three-fourths of the anterior and medial ulna
Select all that apply What are the best exercises that strengthen the serratus anterior muscle? (Check all that apply.)
Push-ups Bench press
The serratus anterior can be stretched by _____.
Pushing both scapulae into an adducted position
In the context of shoulder girdle movements, which of the following actions is an example of depression or the inferior movement of the scapula?
Returning to a neutral position from a shoulder shrug
The _____ muscles fix the scapula in adduction when the muscles of the shoulder joint adduct or extend the arm.
Rhomboid
The trapezius and _____ muscles working together produce adduction with slight elevation of the scapula.
Rhomboid
The levator scapulae is best stretched by _____.
Rotating the head contralaterally and flexing the cervical spine actively
Select all that apply Identify the exercises that strengthen the fibers of the trapezius muscle. (Check all that apply.)
Shoulder-shrugging exercises Bent-over rows Chestproud shoulder retraction exercise
Which of the following applications necessarily involves the levator scapulae muscle concentrically?
Shrugging the shoulders
In the context of shoulder girdle muscles, the trapezius is innervated by the _____.
Spinal accessory nerve
The scapula and the clavicle generally move as a unit, and their only bony link to the axial skeleton is provided by the clavicle's articulation with the _____.
Sternum
Which of the following are associated with the sternoclavicular joint of the shoulder girdle? (Check all that apply.)
Sternum Clavicle
The _____ muscle has a significant role in protecting and stabilizing the sternoclavicular joint during upper-extremity movements.
Subclavius
The ______ muscle pulls the clavicle anteriorly and inferiorly toward the sternum.
Subclavius
The ________ muscle pulls the clavicle anteriorly and inferiorly toward the sternum.
Subclavius
Identify the point of origin of the subclavius muscle.
Superior aspect of first rib at its junction with its costal cartilage
Identify the point of insertion of the supraspinatus muscle.
Superiorly on the greater tubercle of the humerus
The coracoclavicular ligament is particularly important in providing stability to the acromioclavicular joint.
True
The deltoid muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve arising from C5 and C6.
True
What is the point of origin of the serratus anterior muscle?
Surface of the upper nine ribs at the side of the chest
Match the nerves (in the left column) with the parts of the body that they provide sensation to (in the right column). Instructions The Radial Nerve The Median Nerve
The Radial Nerve - The posterolateral arm, forearm, and hand The Median Nerve - Choice, The palmar aspect of the hand and first three phalanges The palmar aspect of the hand and first three phalanges
Where can the biceps brachii be palpated?
The anterior humerus
Match the nerves (in the left column) with the parts that they provide sensation to (in the right column). Instructions
The axillary nerve - It provides sensation to a lateral patch of skin over the deltoid region of the arm. The musculocutaneous nerve - It provides sensation to the radial aspect of the forearm.
Identify the bones of the shoulder joint that serve as attachments for most of the muscles of the shoulder joint. (Check all that apply.)
The clavicle The humerus The scapula
Match the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint (in the left column) with their functions (in the right column). Instructions
The coracoacromial ligament - Provides support to the head of the humerus that prevents superior dislocation The coracohumeral ligament - Strengthens the upper aspect of the shoulder joint capsule The transverse humeral ligament - Acts to retain the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle in the intertubercular groove
Identify the point of insertion of the pectoralis major muscle.
The flat tendon 2 or 3 inches wide to the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
Which of the following is considered to be an extrinsic glenohumeral muscle?
The latissimus dorsi muscle
Which of the following is the broadest muscle of the back and is sometimes referred to as the swimmer's muscle?
The latissimus dorsi muscle
Which of the following is the point of insertion of the subscapularis muscle?
The lesser tubercle of the humerus
Which of the following nerves of the brachial plexus innervate the muscles of the elbow and radioulnar joints? (Check all that apply.)
The median nerve The radial nerve The musculocutaneous nerve
Which of the following intrinsic muscles of the hand adducts the second, fourth, and fifth phalanges?
The palmar interossei muscles
What is the point of origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
The posterior crest of the ilium back of the sacrum and spinous processes of the lumbar and lower six thoracic vertebrae
Which of the following muscles is best stretched by using a partner to grasp the wrist and passively take the forearm into extreme supination while maintaining full elbow extension?
The pronator quadratus muscle
The glenoid labrum enhances stability of the glenohumeral joint.
True
The infraspinatus muscle is innervated by the suprascapular nerve arising from C5 and C6.
True
Match the nerves (in the left column) with the muscles of the wrist and hand joints they innervate (in the right column). The radial nerve The median nerve The anterior interosseous nerve The ulnar nerve
The radial nerve - It provides innervation for the extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor carpi radialis longus. The median nerve - It innervates the flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor digitorum superficialis. The anterior interosseous nerve - It innervates the flexor digitorum profundus for the index and long fingers as well as the flexor pollicis longus. The ulnar nerve - It innervates the flexor digitorum profundus for the fourth and fifth fingers and the flexor carpi ulnaris.
Which of the following muscles are used powerfully in the lifting phase of chinning, an activity in which an individual hangs from a horizontal bar suspended by his or her hands and pulls himself or herself up until his or her chin is over the bar?
The rhomboid muscles
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the long thoracic upward nerve (C5-C7)?
The serratus anterior muscle
Which of the following muscles is most commonly affected by scapular winging?
The serratus anterior muscle
Which of the following muscles would best be strengthened by the bench press and overhead press exercises?
The serratus anterior muscle
Select all that apply In the context of synergy with the muscles of the glenohumeral joint, which of the following work together in carrying out upper-extremity activities? (Check all that apply.)
The shoulder joint The shoulder girdle
In the context of rotator cuff muscles, identify the muscles that must possess not only adequate strength but also a significant amount of muscular endurance to ensure their proper functioning. (Check all that apply.)
The subscapularis muscle The infraspinatus muscle The supraspinatus muscle The teres minor muscle
Match the types of glenohumeral ligaments (in the left column) with the movements that make them taut (in the right column). Instructions
The superior glenohumeral ligament - Becomes taut in full adduction The middle glenohumeral ligament - Becomes taut in external rotation The inferior glenohumeral ligament - The anterior portion becomes taut in abduction and external rotation; the posterior portion becomes taut in abduction and internal rotation
Which of the following is the most often injured rotator cuff muscle?
The supraspinatus muscle
Which of the following muscles of the shoulder joint is located on the posterior surface of the scapula?
The supraspinatus muscle
Which of the following is not considered to be a muscle in the rotator cuff group?
The teres major muscle
Select all that apply Which of the following bones form the distal row of the carpal bones? (Check all that apply.)
The trapezium bone The hamate bone The capitate bone The trapezoid bone
Which of the following muscles inserts on the triangular space at the base of the scapular spine?
The trapezius muscle
Match the types of fibers in the trapezius muscle (in the left column) with their actions (in the right column).
The upper fibers - Elevation and extension and rotation of the head at the neck The middle fibers - Elevation, adduction, and upward rotation The lower fibers - Adduction, depression, and upward rotation
Identify an accurate statement about the elbow and radioulnar joints.
There is synergy between the glenohumeral joint, elbow joint, and the radioulnar joints.
Which of the following is a salient feature of the upper fibers of the trapezius muscle?
They assist in extension of the head due to their origin on the base of the skull.
Identify an accurate statement about the shoulder girdle muscles.
They have their origin on the axial skeleton.
The insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle is on the coracoid process of the scapula.
True
The insertion of the serratus anterior muscle is on the anterior aspect of the whole length of the medial border of the scapula.
True
The levator scapulae muscle inserts on the medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the scapular spine.
True
The origin of the subclavius muscle is the superior aspect of the first rib at its junction with its costal cartilage.
True
The pronator teres muscle is innervated by the median nerve (C6, C7).
True
As the elbow reaches full extension, the olecranon process of the ulna is received by the olecranon fossa of the humerus, and this provides increased joint stability.
True
Elbow motions primarily involve movement between the articular surfaces of the humerus and the ulna.
True
Even though both radioulnar joints are freely moveable diarthrodial joints, the joint between the shafts of the two bones is referred to as being syndesmosis.
True
Flexion of the forearm with a barbell in the hands, known as "curling," is an excellent exercise to develop the biceps brachii muscle.
True
Glenohumeral joint abduction is paired with the shoulder girdle upward rotation to accomplish the total shoulder abduction range of motion.
True
In the context of shoulder joint movements, abduction refers to an upward lateral movement of the humerus in the frontal plane out to the side, away from the body.
True
Medial epicondylitis is frequently referred to as "golfer's elbow."
True
The action performed by the subscapularis muscle is opposite to the action performed by the infraspinatus muscle.
True
The biceps brachii muscle originates from the coracoid process and the supraglenoid tubercle above the superior lip of the glenoid fossa.
True
The concentric actions of the serratus anterior muscle include scapula abduction and upward rotation.
True
The coracobrachialis muscle is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve arising from C5, C6, and C7.
True
Match the three fibers of the trapezius muscle (in the left column) with their corresponding points of origin (in the right column). Instructions
Upper fibers - Base of skull, occipital protuberance, and posterior ligaments of neck Middle fibers - Spinous processes of seventh cervical and upper three thoracic vertebrae Lower fibers - Spinous processes of fourth through twelfth thoracic vertebrae
Where can the latissimus dorsi be palpated?
Upper lumbar/lower thoracic area
Identify an action performed by the lower fibers of the trapezius muscle.
Upward rotation of the scapula
Identify an action performed by the serratus anterior muscle.
Upward rotation of the scapula
The supraspinatus primary movement is ________
abduction
The primary function of the abductor pollicis longus muscle is _____.
abduction of the thumb
Stretching of the _____ is accomplished by fully flexing and adducting the entire thumb across the palm with the wrist fully adducted and in slight flexion.
abductor pollicis longus
The trapezius middle fibers have the following insertion: medial border of the ____________ process and superior border of the scapular spine.
acromion
The abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, and adductor pollicis are the four intrinsic muscles that _____.
act on the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
A concentric action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major and lower pectoralis major muscles is _______.
adduction
Downward movement of the humerus in the frontal plane medially toward the body from abduction is termed ________
adduction
Movement of the scapula medially toward the spinal column is termed _____________
adduction
The coracobrachialis primary movements include horizontal and diagonal _________
adduction
The primary movements of the pectoralis minor include ____________, downward rotation, and depression.
adduction
The trapezius middle fibers primary movements include elevation, _______________, and upward rotation.
adduction
The _____ muscle can be palpated in the posterolateral aspect of the proximal ulna to the olecranon process during resisted extension of the elbow.
anconeus
The _____ muscle has its point of insertion in the posterior surface of the lateral olecranon process and proximal one-fourth of the ulna.
anconeus
The chief function of the _____ muscle is to pull the synovial membrane of the elbow joint out of the way of the advancing olecranon process during extension of the elbow.
anconeus
The chief function of the _______ is to pull the synovial membrane of the elbow joint out of the way of the advancing olecranon process during extension of the elbow.
anconeus muscle
All of the wrist flexors of the wrist and hand joints generally have their points of insertion on the _____.
anterior aspect of the wrist and hand
All of the wrist flexors of the wrist and hand joints generally have their origins on the _____ and the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
anteromedial aspect of the proximal forearm
The muscles of the wrist and hand are all innervated from the radial, median, and ulnar nerves of the _____.
brachial plexus
The _____ muscle pulls on the ulna, which does not rotate, thus making this muscle the only pure flexor of this joint.
brachialis
Radioulnar pronation is performed by all of the following muscles except the:
brachialis muscle
The _____ is one of three muscles, sometimes known as the mobile wad of three, on the lateral forearm.
brachioradialis
The _____ muscle is favored in its action of flexion when the neutral position between pronation and supination is assumed.
brachioradialis
The bones of the hand and wrist joint form a bony arch that is spanned by the transverse carpal and volar carpal ligaments creating the ________ ________
carpal tunnel
The pectoralis major upper fibers have the following origin: medial half of the anterior surface of the __________
clavicle
The trapezius upper fibers have the following insertion: posterior aspect of the lateral third of the ____________
clavicle
The wrist joint is classified as a _____ joint, allowing flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
condyloid-type
Though not a powerful muscle, the _____ assists in flexion and adduction and is most functional in moving the arm horizontally toward and across the chest.
corachobrachialis
The brachialis muscle can be stretched by _____.
extension of the elbow with the shoulder relaxed and flexed
An action performed by the extensor pollicis brevis is _____.
extension of the thumb
The primary function of the extensor pollicis longus muscle is _____.
extension of the thumb
The _____ muscle can be palpated just proximal to the dorsal aspect of the wrist and approximately 1 cm medial to the radial styloid process.
extensor carpi radialis longus
The _____ muscle can be palpated passing over the dorsal aspect of the distal radioulnar joint.
extensor digiti minimi
The _____ muscle is stretched by passively taking the little finger into maximal flexion at its metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints while fully flexing the wrist and elbow.
extensor digiti minimi
The _____ is the only muscle involved in extension of all four fingers.
extensor digitorum
The _____ muscle can be palpated on the posterior surface of the distal forearm immediately medial to the extensor pollicis longus tendon and lateral to the extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digiti minimi.
extensor digitorum
The _____ muscle has its four tendons inserted to the bases of the middle and distal phalanxes of the four fingers.
extensor digitorum
To stretch the _____, the fingers must be maximally flexed at the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints while the wrist is fully flexed.
extensor digitorum
The _____ is stretched by passively taking the index finger into maximal flexion at its metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints while fully flexing the wrist.
extensor indicis
The _____ muscle can be palpated on the posterior aspect of the distal forearm and dorsal surface of the hand just medial to the extensor digitorum tendon of the index finger.
extensor indicis
The _____ is stretched by passively taking the first carpometacarpal joint and the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb into maximal flexion while fully flexing and adducting the wrist.
extensor pollicis brevis
The _____ muscle can be palpated just lateral to the extensor pollicis longus tendon on the dorsal side of the hand to its insertion on the proximal phalanx.
extensor pollicis brevis
The tendons of the _____ and extensor pollicis brevis, along with the tendon of the abductor pollicis longus, form the anatomical snuffbox, the small depression that develops between these two tendons when they contract.
extensor pollicis longus
The deltoid posterior fibers primary movements include abduction, horizontal abduction, ____________, and diagonal abduction.
external rotation
The subscapularis muscle can be stretched by _____.
external rotation with the arm adducted by the side
In the context of elbow movements, the movement of the forearm to the shoulder by bending the elbow to decrease its angle is known as _____.
flexion
The pectoralis major upper fibers primary movements include internal rotation, horizontal adduction, diagonal adduction, __________, and adduction
flexion
The _____ muscle is stretched by passively extending the elbow, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal joints while maintaining the forearm in full supination.
flexor digitorum superficialis
The _____ muscle, also known as the flexor digitorum sublimis, divides into four tendons on the palmar aspect of the wrist and hand to insert on each of the four fingers.
flexor digitorum superficialis
The _____ muscle can be palpated on the anterior surface of the thumb on the proximal phalanx, and just lateral to the palmaris longus and medial to the flexor carpi radialis on the anterior distal forearm.
flexor pollicis longus
The flexor carpi radialis is one of the most powerful of the wrist _____.
flexors
The pronator teres muscle is stretched by _____.
full extension of the elbow while taking the forearm into full supination
The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints are classified as condyloid, whereas the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints and the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints are classified as _____.
ginglymus
The shoulder joint is also known as the ____________ joint, and is classified as an enarthrodial multiaxial ball-and-socket joint.
glenohumeral
The elbow joint is classified as a _____ joint.
hinge-type
In the elbow and radioulnar joints, the scapula and _____ serve as the proximal attachments for the muscles that flex and extend the elbow.
humerus
The _____________ have the following insertion: medial border of the scapula, inferior to the scapular spine.
rhomboid muscles
Movement of the humerus in the transverse plane medially around its long axis toward the midline is termed _________
internal rotation
Stretching of the infraspinatus muscle is accomplished with _____.
internal rotation and extreme horizontal adduction
The teres minor is stretched by _____.
internally rotating the shoulder while moving into extreme horizontal adduction
The pectoralis major lower fibers have the following insertion: flat tendon two or three inches wide to the ___________ lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
lateral
A common problem associated with the muscles of the elbow is tennis elbow, known technically as _________ __________, and is quite frequently associated with gripping and lifting activities.
lateral epicondylitis
The _____, along with the teres major, forms the posterior axillary fold.
latissimus dorsi
The palmaris longus muscle can be stretched by _____.
maximal elbow and wrist extension
The biceps brachii muscle can be stretched by _____.
maximal extension of the elbow with the shoulder in full extension
The triceps brachii can be stretched by _____.
maximal flexion of both the shoulder and the elbow
The anconeus muscle can be stretched by _____.
maximal flexion of the elbow
The supinator muscle is stretched by _____.
maximally pronating the forearm
The coracobrachialis has the following insertion: middle of the ___________ border of the humeral shaft.
medial
The pectoralis minor muscle is innervated by the:
medial pectoral nerve arising from C8 and T1.
The pronator teres muscle inserts on the:
middle third of the lateral surface of the radius.
The latissimus dorsi has the following __________ : posterior crest of the ilium, back the sacrum and spinous processes of the lumbar and lower six thoracic vertebrae, and the slips from the lower three ribs.
origin
The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle can be stretched by _____.
passive extension and abduction of the wrist when the elbow is fully extended and the forearm supinated
The extensor carpi ulnaris muscle can be stretched by _____.
passive flexion and slight abduction of the wrist when the elbow is extended and the forearm pronated
The extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle can be stretched by _____.
passive flexion and slight adduction of the wrist with the elbow extended and the forearm pronated
The pronator quadratus is best stretched by _____.
passively taking the forearm into extreme supination
The _____ muscle is effective in scapula protraction because of its anterior pull on the humerus, which joins to the scapula at the glenohumeral joint.
pectoralis major
The anterior axillary fold is formed primarily by the _____ muscle.
pectoralis major
The __________ muscle has the following origin: anterior surfaces of the third to fifth ribs.
pectoralis minor
The flexor carpi radialis may be developed by _____.
performing wrist curls against a handheld resistance
The extensor carpi radialis longus may be developed by _____.
performing wrist extension against a handheld resistance
In the context of radioulnar joint movements, internal rotary movement of the radius on the ulna that results in the hand moving from the palm-up to the palm-down position is known as _____.
pronation
The _____ muscle works in pronating the forearm in combination with the triceps in extending the elbow.
pronator quadratus
With the forearm in supination, the _____ muscle may be palpated immediately on either side of the radial pulse with resisted pronation.
pronator quadratus
The anterior interosseous nerve branching from the median nerve (C6, C7) innervates the _______.
pronator quadratus muscle
The _____ muscle originates in the distal part of the medial supracondylar ridge of the humerus and medial side of the proximal ulna.
pronator teres
Typical movement of the _____ muscle is with the forearm pronating as the elbow flexes.
pronator teres
Movement of the scapula laterally away from the spinal column is termed ______________
protraction
Typical action of the triceps brachii is shown in _____ when there is powerful extension of the elbow.
push-ups
In the elbow and radioulnar joints, the ulna and ________ serve as the distal attachments for the muscles that flex and extend the elbow.
radius
The rhomboids have the following origin: ____ of the seventh cervical and first five thoracic vertebrae
spinous processes
The _____ muscle, a rotator cuff muscle, holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa from in front and below.
subscapularis
Stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa is a primary action of the _______.
subscapularis muscle
In the context of radioulnar joint movements, external rotary movement of the radius on the ulna that results in the hand moving from the palm-down to the palm-up position is known as _____.
supination
The _____ muscle is called into play when movements of extension and supination are required, as when turning a screwdriver.
supinator
The posterior interosseous nerve branching from the radial nerve (C6) innervates the _______.
supinator muscle
The _____ is a rotator cuff muscle that provides important dynamic stability in throwing movements by maintaining the proper relationship between the humeral head and the glenoid fossa.
supraspinatus
The _________ muscle has the following origin: medial two-thirds of the supraspinous fossa.
supraspinatus
The _____ muscle assists the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and subscapularis in adducting, internally rotating, and extending the humerus.
teres major
The trapezius lower fibers have the following origin: spinous process of the fourth to twelfth ___________ vertebrae
thoracic
The rhomboid muscles may be palpated _____.
through the relaxed trapezius during adduction
The levator scapulae has the following origin: ____________ processes of the upper four cervical vertebrae.
transverse
The actions of the brachioradialis muscle include all of the following except:
weak flexion of the shoulder joint.
Besides being a powerful wrist extensor, the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle is the only muscle other than the flexor carpi ulnaris involved in _____.
wrist adduction
The extensor carpi radialis brevis is important in any sports activity that requires powerful _____.
wrist extension
The flexor carpi ulnaris is most important in _____ or curling activities.
wrist flexion
The palmaris longus is involved only in _____ from the anatomical position because of its central location on the anterior forearm and wrist.
wrist flexion
