kin 2504 practices FINAL

Regarding cancer, which of the following is true?

Stage 1 tumors are localized and often curable.

The surgical retrieval of cells and microscopic examination of tissue to determine if a cancer is present is ________.

a biopsy

The tar in cigarette smoke is considered to be a common environmental cancer-causing agent, otherwise known as ________.

a carcinogen

Which of the following best describes congenital heart disease?

a heart disease present at birth

Chronic bronchitis is best described as ______.

a type of COPD characterized by inflammation of the air passages in the lungs

Common to all healthy relationships is an important trait: effective communication. Nodding, smiling, and saying "yes" are all examples of which important communication skill?

active listening

You should consult a physician if you experience which of the following conditions?

adverse reaction to a drug

Chiropractic medicine is considered which form of medicine?

alternative medicine

The use of acupuncture to treat knee pain in place of physical therapy is an example of ________.

alternative medicine

A lack of sleep may cause ______.

an increase risk of developing diabetes

Chest pain caused by a reduction in blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart is called ______.

angina pectoris

The process in which malignant cells induce new blood capillaries to grow toward the tumor, supplying it with oxygen and nutrients for growth, is called ________.

angiogenesis

An irregular heartbeat that is relatively common is known as ______.

arrhythmia

Being proactive in your own healthcare includes ________.

asking for a written summary of the visit and any lab test results

A condition in which air passages both to and within the lungs "overreact" to smoke, allergens, or other triggers is known as ______.

asthma

The use of aromatherapy to decrease feelings of nausea with chemotherapy is an example of ________.

complementary medicine

Each day, the average person in the United States generates 4.3 pounds of municipal solid waste, including ________.

containers and packaging discarded food yard debris

Efforts to maintain fitness throughout life contribute to ________.

decreased risk of disability all aspects of wellness increased longevity

A chronic disease ______.

develops gradually and persists for months or years

The fastest-growing chronic disease in America is ______.

diabetes

Common chronic diseases include ______.

diabetes mellitus cardiovascular disease arthritis

In the "ABCD" guidelines to melanoma the "D" stands for ________.

diameter

Dietary recommendations from the American Heart Association (AHA) to help reduce risk of CVD includes ______.

eat fish at least twice a week

Damage to the millions of alveoli in the lungs occurs with which form of COPD?

emphysema

Individuals with this form of COPD can develop a barrel-shaped chest.

emphysema

A reduced level of this hormone plays a critical role in the development of osteoporosis in women.

estrogen

The people present in one's household during the first years of life are known as ________.

family of origin

The four groups of risk factors for developing Osteoporosis include(s) ______.

genetic hormonal nutritional

Which theory on aging proposes that the number of cells exhibiting unusual or different characteristics increases with age?

genetic mutation theory

The major risk factor for developing rheumatoid arthritis is ______.

genetics

Together, _______ and ______ kill more Americans than any other cause.

heart disease; strokes

Sustained high blood pressure is called ______.

hypertension

The most common form of cardiovascular disease is ______.

hypertension

Homocysteine and C-reactive proteins are indicators of ______.

inflammation of inner artery walls

Which hormone is responsible for converting glucose into cellular energy?

insulin

With osteoarthritis, ______.

it occurs as a result of repetitive joint use

What is the "optimal" level for LDL cholesterol?

less than 100 mg/dL

What is the "desirable" level for total cholesterol?

less than 200 mg/dL

Nonsolid cancers that are characterized by an increase in the number of white blood cells are ________.

leukemias

Tumors that develop in the lymph nodes or lymph vessels are called ________.

lymphomas

The process by which cancerous cells spread from one area of the body to another is ________.

metastasis

A heart attack may also be known as ______.

myocardial infarction

A long-term Harvard University study that examined which factors correlated best with healthy aging found that the single most significant factor was ________.

not smoking

Genes that researchers suspect play a role in uncontrolled cell growth are ________.

oncogenes

Doctors who specialize in cancer detection and treatment are called ________.

oncologists

Americans consume far more energy and raw materials per person than do citizens of other countries. Although Americans comprise only 5 percent of the world's population, we consume ________ of the oil used each year.

one-quarter

This disease is characterized by diminished bone mass and porous bones:

osteoporosis

Insulin is produced and secreted by the ______.

pancreas

A pinpoint area of fatty, waxy debris in a blood vessel is known as ______.

plaque

Globally, half of all hospital beds on the planet are filled with people whose diseases stem from ________.

poor hygiene polluted drinking water poor sanitation

Staying active throughout life and into the later years ________.

reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease

Which of the following chronic diseases is classified as an autoimmune disease?

rheumatoid arthritis

A risk factor for developing osteoporosis is ______.

smoking

The biggest risk factor for COPD is ______.

smoking

Risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer include ________.

smoking eating a high-fat diet being male

Which of the following is (are) risk factor(s) for developing type II diabetes?

smoking physical inactivity poor diet

Which three behaviors are the underlying causes of over 355 of all chronic disease deaths in the United States today?

smoking, poor diet, inactivity

Social and emotional support can affect your health almost as strongly as can exercise and good nutrition. Healthy relationships can provide ________.

spiritual support practical support psychological support

Lifestyle choices that preserve and protect the planet's resources are called ________.

sustainable choices

Commitment within long-term relationships means making choices and taking actions over time that perpetuate the well being of ________.

the relationship oneself one's partner

Individuals may experience temporary dizziness, weakness, paralysis, or numbness with this condition.

transient ischemic attack

Which form of diabetes is an autoimmune disease, characterized by the pancreas's inability to produce insulin?

type I

The idea that over time an accumulation of damage from internal processes and environmental stress eventually wears the body out is the ________ theory on aging.

wear and tear

Healthy marriages contribute to lower levels of stress in which important way?

- financial stability - improved personal behaviors - expanded support networks

Which of the following factor(s) contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease?

- having diabetes mellitus - being physically inactive - being overweight

Common forms of self-care include ________.

- learning first aid for common injuries and conditions - learning to check your blood pressure and pulse - performing monthly breast or testicular self-exams

Regarding gender differences and cardiovascular disease, ______.

- men tend to develop heart disease 10 to 15 years earlier than women - women with cardiovascular disease are more likely to have strokes than males - more women than men die each year from cardiovascular disease

The risk of developing colorectal cancer can be lowered significantly by ________.

- exercising regularly - eating a high-fiber diet - eating a low-fat diet

Which of the following are ways to live in an environmentally conscious way?

- Use air conditioning sparingly. - Take shorter showers. - Walk or bike when possible to limit driving.

General early warning signs of cancer include ________.

- a nagging cough or hoarseness - a change in bowel or bladder habits - an obvious change in a mole or wart

Researchers have found that older adults who exercise regularly and have the greatest aerobic fitness also tend to have ________.

- better growth of nerve and brain tissue - greater brain volume - better responses to sensory stimuli

Inflammation of the arteries can be caused by ______.

- disease causing bacteria - high LDL cholesterol - tobacco use

Individuals with diabetes mellitus tend to have ______.

- elevated blood fat levels - deterioration of small blood vessels, particularly in the eyes and extremities - increased atherosclerosis

Which of the following is (are) among the 10 significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

- physical inactivity - tobacco use - heavy alcohol consumption

Characteristics that make a good friendship include ________.

- respect - mutual trust - acceptance of differences

The following contribute(s) to the development of cardiovascular disease ______.

- smoking - poor diet - high body mass index

Stress increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by ______.

- triggering blood clotting - causing heart rhythm abnormalities - increasing blood pressure

Which of the following is (are) controllable risk factor(s) for the developing CVD?

- uncontrolled stress - obesity/overweight - poor diet

Reduce the risk of chronic disease by ______.

-exercise daily -limit the consumption of sugar and salt -eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables

More than _____ percent of deaths from CVD are directly related to smoking and the risk for cardiovascular disease is _____ percent greater for smokers than for nonsmokers.

20; 70

Cancer is the ________ leading cause of death in the United States.

2nd

Although experts believe that up to 90 percent of the trash in the United States is recyclable, we currently recycle only about ________ percent.

34

At what age is it recommended that women start getting mammograms?

40

As the baby boom generation ages, the number of Americans over 65 is predicted to reach ________ million by 2030, representing almost 20 percent of the population.

72

____ is the leading cause of disability in the United States.

Arthritis

COPD stands for ______.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The early warning signs of cancer are summarized by the acronym ________.

CAUTION

________ can reduce a woman's risk of developing cancer.

Giving birth to more than one child

Cervical cancer is associated with which of the following viruses?

HPV

_____ occurs when a blood vessel bursts, spilling oxygenated blood rather than transporting it to the brain.

Hemorrhagic stroke

________ is the most serious form of skin cancer.

Malignant melanoma

Lifestyle risk factors for cancer include ________.

being overweight consuming alcohol using tobacco

Noncancerous tumors are ________.

benign

Getting the RDA of this mineral is important in order to stave off osteoporosis.

calcium

The uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells is known as _______.

cancer

The most common class of cancerous tumors is ________.

carcinomas

The leading cause of death in America for both men and women is ______.

cardiovascular disease

Blood vessels that have plaque buildup ______.

cause increases in blood pressure

The Pap smear is effective for detecting early-stage ________ cancer.

cervical

Hair loss is a common side effect of what form of cancer treatment?

chemotherapy