KIN 3025- wrist and hand joint

extensor pollicis longus

-Extension of thumb (CMC, MCP, and IP joints) -extension of wrist -abduction of wrist -weak supination of forearm from a pronated position

flexor pollicis longus muscle

-Flexion of the thumb carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints -Flexion of the wrist -Abduction of the wrist

abductor pollicis longus muscle

-abduction of thumb at carpometacarpal joint -abduction of wrist -extension of thumb as carpometacarpal joint -weak supination of forearm from a pronated position -weak flexion of wrist

extensor indicis muscle

-extends index finger -weak wrist extension -weak supination of forearm from a pronated position

extensor digiti minimi

-extension of little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint -weak wrist extension -weak elbow extension

fingers

-flex and extend -MCP joints also abduct and adduct

wrist

-flexion and extension -abduction and adduction

flexor digitorum superficialis *remember profundus is deep to this

-flexion of fingers at metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints -flexion of the wrist -weak flexion of elbow

flexor carpi ulnaris

-flexion of wrist (on ulnar side) -adduction of wrist together with extensor carpi ulnaris muscle -weak flexion of elbow

aduction (ulnar flexion/deviation)

-movement of little finger side of the and toward medial aspect of ulnar side of forearm -also movement of fingers toward middle finger

abduction (radial flexion/deviation)

-movement of thumb side of hand toward lateral aspect or radial side of forearm -also, movement of fingers away from middle finger

__ phalanges

14 three for each finger except for the thumb which has 2

wrist joint: __ to __ degrees of abduction

15 25

how many of the muscles in the wrist and the hand are intrinsic

18

how many joints in the wrist and the hand

25

wrist joint: __ to __ degrees of adduction

25 40

how many bones in the wrist and the hand

29

6 muscles move wrist but not fingers & thumb

3 wrist flexors -flexor carpis radialis -flexor carpi ulnaris -palmaris longus 3 wrist extensors - extensor carpi radialis longus -extensor carpi radialis brevis -extensor carpi ulnaris

more than how many muscles in the wrist and the hand

30

wrist joint: __ to __degrees of extension

65 85

wrist joint: __ to __ degrees of wrist flexion

70 90

how many carpal bones

8

9 primary movers of phalanges -also involved in wrist actions (because the cross at the wrist, but generally weaker in wrist actions)

Flexors -flexor digitorum superficialis -flexor digitorum profundus -flexor pollicis longus (thumb flexor) extensors - extensor digitorum -extensor indicis -extensor digiti minimi -extensor pollicis longus (thumb extensor) --extensor pollicis brevis ( brief thumb extensor) abductor of thumb and wrist - abductor pollicis longus

thumb only has two joint

MCP -full extension into 40-90 degrees of flexoin -ginglymus IP - flex 80 to 90 degrees -Ginglymus

Each finger has 3 joints

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints *between metacarpal and first phalange Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints * between first phalange and second phalange Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints * between middle and distal phlanx

extrinsic muscles of wrist and hand grouped

according to function and location

all wrist flexors generally have their origins on

anteromedial aspect of proximal forearm and medial epicondyle of humerus with insertions on anterior aspect of wrist and hand

carpal tunnel

carpal bones form a three sided arch -concave on palmar side -bony arch is spanned by transverse carpal and volar carpal ligaments

median nerve and all flexor tendons except flexor carpi ulnaris and palmaris longus pass through

carpal tunnel

In addition to the two joints the thumb has what is the "third" joint

carpometacarpal joint -unique saddle type joint *50 to 70 degrees of abduction *flex 15 to 45 degrees and extend 0 to 20 degrees ALLOWS FOR OPPOSITION AND REPOSITION OF THE THUMB

wrist joint classification

condyloid type joint

middle phalange is reference point to

differentiate abduction and adduction

wrist joint motion occurs primarily between

distal radius and proximal carpal row (scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum) *known as radiocarpal joint

extensor carpi ulnaris muscle

extend the wrist adduction of wrist together with flexor carpi ulnaris muscle weak extension of the elbow

extensor digitorum muscle

extension of digits 2 through 5 and wrist weak extension of elbow

which of the follwing is the primary function of the extensor pollicis longus muscle

extension of the thumb

extensor carpi radialis brevis

extension of wrist on radial aspect abduction of wrist weak flexion of elbow

extensor carpi radialis longus

extension of wrist on radial aspect abduction of wrist weak flexion of elbow weak pronation to neutral from a fully supinated position

how do many injure the scaphoid

falling on outstretched hand -usually long period of precise immobilization or surgery -significant problem if not recognized and treated properly

true or false each finger has three interphalangeal joints whereas the thumb has only two

false

palmaris longus muscle

flexion of wrist weak flexion of elbow (remember it is crossing that elbow)

flexor carpi radialis muscle

flexion of wrist abduction of wrist (radial deviation) weak flexion of elbow weak pronation of forearm (because fibers wrap around)

wrist joints allows

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

thumb has a sesamoid bone in its __________

flexor tendon *flexion

distal row of carpals

hamate cuneiform trapezoid trapezium

which of the following is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis muscle

medial epicondyle of humerus

extension

movement of back of hand and/or phalanges toward posterior or dorsal aspect of forearm

flexion

movement of palm of hand and/or phalanges toward anterior or volar aspect of forearm

reposition

movement of thumb as it returns to anatomical position from opposition with hand and/or fingers

opposition

moving the thumb the opposite direction of your other fingers -movement of thumb across palmar aspect to oppose any or all of the phalanges

lateral epicondyle and lateral supracondylar ridge

origin for many wrist and finger extensors

medial epicondyle, medial condyloid ridge, and coranoid process

origin for many wrist and finger flexors

which of the following is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle

proximal three fourths of the anterior and medial ulna

which bone of the carpals is most often injured

scaphoid

proximal row of carpals

scaphoid lunate triquetrem pisiform

carpal bones from proximal radial side

scaphoid lunate triquetrem pisiform hamate cuneiform trapezoid trapezium

which of the following muscles may not be palpated on the dorsal aspect of the hand

the abductor pollicis longus muscle

which of the following muscles performs abduction of the thumb

the abductor pollicis longus muscle

which of the following is the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle

the base of the distal phalanges of the four fingers

which of the following is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle

the base of the fifth metacarpal on the dorsal surface

which of the following is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis muscle

the base of the second metacarpal on the dorsal surface

which of the following muscles originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

the extensor digitorum muscle

which of the following is the pointing muscle that originates between the middle and distal one third of the posterior ulna

the extensor indicis muscle

which of the following muscles performs extension of the index finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint

the extensor indicis muscle

true or false in the context of wrist and hand movements ulnar flexion refers to the movement of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial aspect or ulnar side of the forearm

true

true or false the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle are the only muscles involved in ulnar deviation

true

true or false the extensor digitorum muscle also known as the extensor digitorum communis is the only muscle involved in extension of all four fingers

true

true or false the fingers an only flex and extend except at the mecarpophalangeal joints where abduction and adduction are controlled by the intrinsic hand muscles

true

true or false the flexor pollicis longus muscle inserts on the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb on the palmar surface

true

true or false the three wrist flexors from medial to lateral are the flexor carpi ulnaris palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis

true

true or false to stretch the flexor carpi ulnaris the elbow must be fully extended with the forearm supinated while a partner passively extends and abucts the wrist

true

true or false wrist joint actions include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

true

many sports and activities of daily living require precise functioning of

wrist and hand

flexor digitorum profundus muscle

• Flexion of 4 fingers at metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, & distal interphalangeal joints • flexion of wrist