Kin 345 biomechanics
What happens when osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity?
all the above
In anatomical position what is the position of the elbow?
0 degrees
A triaxial joint allows which of the following movements?
All the above
The "female athlete triad" can result in which of the following?
All the above
Which of the following is associated with triaxial joints?
All the above
Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton ?
All the above
Which of the following is true regarding epiphyseal plate injuries?
All the above
Which of the following is/are examples of superficial muscle(S)?
All the above
Which of the following is/are known risk factor(s) for developing osteoporosis?
All the above
Which of the following is/are part of the "female athlete triad"?
All the above
Which of the following is/are true regarding anatomical reference position?
All the above
Which of the following statements is/ are true regarding bone growth?
All the above
Which of the following terms would accurately describe the biceps muscle?
Anterior
Abduction takes place around which axis?
Anteroposterior
A fracture caused by a tendon or ligament pulling a small ship of bone away from the rest of the bone is called what?
Avulsion fracture
What is the most common symptom of osteoporosis?
Back pain derived from vertebral fractures
Which of the following occurs in the absence of gravitational forces?
Bone atrophy
What happens when osteoclasts activity exceeds osteoblast activity?
Bone mass decreases
Appropriate strategies to lessen the likelihood of acquiring osteoporosis include which of the following?
Both A and B
Loss of the bone mass has been found in which of the following?
Both A and B
Undesirably low body weight in young female athletes can lead to what?
Both A and B
Where are golgi tendon organs located?
Both A and B
Which is true about the cartesian coordinate system?
Both A and B
Which of the following are examples of articular fibrocartilage?
Both A and B
Which of the following are functions of articular cartilage?
Both A and B
Which of the following are transverse plane movements at the shoulder?
Both A and B
Which of the following factors can predispose runners to stress fractures?
Both A and B
Which of the following heightens the risk of injury?
Both A and B
Which of the following is true regarding greenstick fractures?
Both A and B
Which of the following is true regarding horizontal adduction?
Both A and B
Which of the following is/are true regarding amphiarthrodial joints?
Both A and B
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the strength of bone?
Both A and B
Which of the following statements regarding bone growth is true?
Both A and B
In a child, severe injury to an epiphysis may result in which of the following?
Both A and b
Which of the following motions occurs primarily in the frontal plane?
Cartwheel
Which of the following components of bone provides it with flexibility?
Collagen
Which of the following is true regarding circumduction?
Combines flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
Cortical bone is strongest in resisting which type of stress?
Compressive stress
Which of the following terms best describes translational motion along a curved line?
Curvilinear
Whatterm is used to describe the motion of bringing the foot closer to the lower leg?
Dorsiflexion
which of the following statements is false?
The hip is distal to the knee
Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton?
The humerus
Which of the following does not affect the range of motion at a joint?
The number of proprioceptors present at the joint
Which of the following terms is used to describe bone with relatively high porosity?
Trabecular
A dancer performs a pirouette in which plane?
Transverse
Primarily in which plane does the swinging of a baseball bat occur?
Transverse
Which of the following is not associated with synarthrodial joints?
Typically weak
Which of the following terms does not fit with the others?
Uniaxial
Which of the following is an irregular bone?
Vertebrae
Which of the following activities would likely produce the greatest bone mineral density?
Walking
Which of the following units is unique to three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system?
Z
Which of the following is a possible symptom of osteoporosis?
All of the above
Which of the following is true regarding osgood-schlatter's disease?
All of the above
In anatomical position, the forearm is in what position?
Supinated
The knee is an example of which type joint?
Synovial
The water content of bone makes up approximately what percentage of the total bone weight?
25%-30%
After age 60, what percentage of fractures are osteoporosis related?
90%
Which of the following limb movements occur during "jumping jacks"?
Adduction and abduction
Which of the following Could be defined by a movement analyst as a mechanical system?
All of the above
Which type of flexibility accompanies the ROM achieved by actively contracting the antagonist muscle?
Dynamic Flexibility
Which of the following is an example of a uniaxial joint?
Elbow
Which of the following is known as the longitudinal "growth center" of a bone?
Epiphysis
The cardinal frontal plane divides the body into equal____?
Front and back halves
Abduction occurs in which plane?
Frontal
Most human movement falls into which category?
General
Which of the following could contribute the most in preventing or prolonging osteoporosis?
Girls jumping rope before puberty
During preparatory phase for an underhand softball pitch, the hand holding the ball is drawn behind the body prior to the forward swing of the arm. When the hand is drawn behind the body, which of the following movements occurs at the shoulder ?
Hyperextension
How do bones typically respond to stress?
Hypertrophy
Which of the following terms mean "farther from the head" ?
Inferior
Where is articular cartilage located?
It covers all along bone surfaces at articulation
In anatomical position, what term describes the radius relative to the ulna?
Lateral
Which of the following is not an example of a sagittal plane movement?
Lateral flexion
Shaking the head "no" involves which of the following movements?
Left and right rotation
The tarsals are examples of what type of bones?
Long bones
Movements in the transverse plane occur around which axis?
Longitudinal
Internal rotation is synonymous with which of the following?
Medial rotation
Which of the following characterizes the "close packed position" at a joint?
Neither A nor B
Hinge joints have how many axes?
ONE
Specialized bone cells that build new bone tissue are called ?
Osteoblast
Reduced bone mass and density without the presence of a fracture defines what?
Osteopenia
Which of the following refers to the stretching of muscles, tendons, and ligaments by a force other than tension in the antagonist muscles?
Passive stretching
Which of the following describes the knee joint relative to the ankle joint?
Proximal
Which of the following categories of motion is mutually exclusive with each of the others?
Rotational motion
Which of the following motions occurs primarily in the sagittal plane?
Running
In which of the following planes does a forward roll occur?
Sagittal
Nodding the head "yes" occurs in which plane?
Sagittal
Which imaginary cardinal plane bisects the body into right and left halves?
Sagittal
Elbow extension takes place in what plane?
Sagittal?
Which of the following is an example of a flat bone?
Scapula
Which of the following is a linear movement in the frontal plane?
Shoulder girdle elevation
Which view is best for observing normal human gait?
Side view
When a skier's body rotates in a direction opposite of the foot (held steady by the boot), what type of fracture is likely in the tibia?
Spiral
Which of the following terms is defined as deformation divided by original length?
Strain
Which type of fracture results from repeated loading of relatively low magnitude?
Stress
Foot pronation occurs at which joint?
Subtalar
In two dimensional cartesian coordinate systems, what unit is used for the vertical axis?
y