kin ch 13

Iron deficiency is the most common form of anemia. What role does iron play in the health of red blood cells?

Component of hemoglobin

Which of the following plant sources provides the most iron?

1 cup of fortified breakfast cereal (e.g., Wheaties)

Gabe was experiencing fatigue, despite sleeping eight hours per night. He went to the doctor and was diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. In addition to an iron supplement, the doctor recommended he eat iron-fortified breakfast cereals. Which food would be the best accompaniment for his iron-fortified breakfast cereal and why?

A cup of orange juice or an orange; vitamin C increases iron absorption

Supplementation with 400 micrograms of folic acid and 100 micrograms of vitamin B-12 may be useful for older adults

All of the choices are correct.

Low vitamin B-12 may result in anemia. What role does vitamin B-12 play in the health of red blood cells?

DNA synthesis

Which of the following factors limit vitamin B-12 absorption and thereby may lead to vitamin B-12 deficiency?

Decreased production of intrinsic factor Decreased production of hydrochloric acid Use of certain diabetes medications

Which of the following are roles of copper in the human body?

Energy metabolism Antioxidant defense Blood health Bone health

Iron is part of the hemoglobin in red blood cells. What is the purpose of hemoglobin?

Hemoglobin transports oxygen from lungs to body cells and also returns carbon dioxide to the lungs for excretion.

Anemia can result from deficiency of a number of different micronutrients. Features of the red blood cells, such as size and color, can help health professionals to determine the cause of anemia. Classify the following micronutrients based on whether deficiencies lead to macrocytic (megaloblastic) or microcytic anemia.

Macrocytic anemia b-12 folate Microcytic anemia b-6 iron

Which of the following is a likely explanation for Anita's vitamin B-12 deficiency?

Malabsorption of vitamin B-12

The primary endpoint of the study was a change in

NOT serum folate and vitamin B-12 NOT physical activity.

Vitamin K exists in several forms. Match each form with its description.

Phylloquinone: natural vitamin k in supplements Menaquinone: natural vitamin-k by bacteria Menadione: natural vitamin-k in supplements synthesized by leafy greens

Besides red meats (i.e., beef and lamb), which of the following is a rich source of heme iron?

Poultry

Partway through the study, the researchers switched from providing the dietary supplements in one large dose per day to two smaller doses per day. Why did they make this decision?

Results of another study showed that high doses of folic acid may be linked to increased risk of colorectal cancer.

A deficiency of vitamin B-6 is another possible cause of anemia. What role does vitamin B-6 play in the health of red blood cells?

Synthesis of hemoglobin

Scores on the TICS-M instrument, used to measure cognitive function, improved over time in both the treatment and control groups. What is a likely explanation?

The subjects experienced a practice effect; after taking the test at 12 months, they all performed better at 24 months.

People who follow a vegan diet (a diet with no animal products) are at increased risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency. Which of the following are good sources of vitamin B-12 for a vegan?

Vitamin B-12 enriched yeast Fortified soy milk Fortified, ready-to-eat breakfast cereal

The subjects who received the folic acid + vitamin B-12 supplement experienced ______ increases in blood homocysteine compared to the control group.

smaller

i guess tbh

sorry

Vitamin B-12 is important for the synthesis of ______, which serves to insulate nerve cells.

pregnanyc consuming meat, fish, poultry adolecent groeth spurt teas w meals consuming large zinc antacids

Gabe's grandfather has a history of heart disease and he takes the prescription drug Coumadin (warfarin) to prevent blood clots. Gabe's grandfather should avoid large increases in his intake of ______ because ______ can reduce the effectiveness of his anticoagulant medication.

dark green leafy vegetables; vitamin K

As altitude increases, the concentration of oxygen in the air ______.

decreases

The effects of folic acid and vitamin B-12 supplementation on cognitive status were evident immediately after starting the treatment.

false

The researchers sent out initial screening surveys to 105,000 Australian adults between 60 and 74 years of age. In order to participate in the study, the subjects had to

have moderate psychological distress.

Anemia symptoms of weakness, fatigue, and shortness of breath are related to

low supply of oxygen to body cells.

Animal sources of iron are ______ bioavailable than plant sources of iron.

more

Vitamin B-12 is important for the synthesis of ______, which serves to insulate nerve cells.

myelin

One symptom of B vitamin deficiencies is depression, due to the role of several B vitamins in ______ synthesis.

neurotransmitter

The study design is best described as a

randomized, controlled trial.