KINE

Dimensions of Wellness: Occupational

Having a good work/life balance

Dimensions of Wellness: Spiritual

Having a purpose in life feeling connected to humanity

Which of the following best defines the term health?

Health is the overall condition of a person's body, mind, and social well-being.

Which of the following statements best distinguishes health promotion from disease prevention?

Health promotion maintains or improves the current status of community health, whereas disease prevention tries to ward off specific illnesses.

Which of the following is an example of someone with health literacy skills?

Mr. Z is on prescription medication for blood pressure. He checks online to learn about possible side effects and risks

Which of the following are included in the termination stage of the Stages of Change Model?

You are no longer tempted to lapse back to old behavior. You are confident in your ability to maintain the new behavior.

The presence of disease in family members who have good health habits is more indicative of a(n) ______ cause than is disease in family members with poor health habits

genetic

Which of the following are healthy behavior choices?

getting enough sleep developing meaningful relationships

Which of the following are policies that can reduce the negative effects of low socioeconomic status on health outcomes?

minimum-wage requirements parental-leave legislation

Which of the following patterns of illness suggest a genetic link?

multiple family members experiencing the same disease a family member with multiple cancers a grandmother with an early onset of Alzheimer's disease

Which of the following is a tip for moving forward from the precontemplation stage of the Stages of Change Model?

noting discrepancies between your behaviors and your goals

whom should you include in your family health tree?

parents siblings grandparents aunts, uncles, and cousins

Josh rarely eats any vegetables or fruit. He does not like them, and he is happy with his diet of mostly fast food and snack foods like chips and pretzels. Josh is in the ______ stage.

precontemplation

Josh decides to try to eat fruit for breakfast and incorporate vegetables into dinner. He asks Tara to go shopping with him and teach him how to cook a few vegetarian meals. Josh is in the ______ stage.

preparation

Which of the following are elements of health literacy?

the ability to navigate the health care system the ability to understand medical instructions the ability to understand health information

Dimensions of Wellness: Social

treating others fairly attending neighborhood gatherings

A(n) ______ is a unit of heredity that consists of a sequence of DNA on a chromosome

gene

Sickle-cell disease is an example of a ______ that causes a person's red blood cells to be misshapen

gene mutation

Which of the following most closely represents the main idea of the Stages of Change Model of behavior change?

As you change your behavior, you move forward and backward through distinct stages.

Dimensions of Wellness: Intellectual

Considering both sides of an issue

The Determinants of Health: Individual

Dave has hated green vegetables since he was three years old Scott does not like feeling sweaty, so he rarely does any moderate or vigorous physical activity

Genes serve as a template and are transcribed into ______, a temporary message that can travel out of the nucleus

RNA (DNA does not leave the nucleus, but it is used to make RNA, which can leave the nucleus)

Dimensions of Wellness: Environmental

Taking your own cloth grocery bag to the store

According to the Stages of Change Model, what are three characteristics of the precontemplation stage for changing a specific behavior?

You have no motivation to change the behavior You do not acknowledge that you have the behavior You do not see a reason to change the behavior

Variations in health outcomes between racial groups are most strongly tied to

a social structure that provides unequal access to resources.

Your genogram, or family health tree, is which of the following?

a visual representation of your family's genetic and health history

Josh is trying to eat more fruit and vegetables, but it's hard. When Tara does not eat dinner with him, he is less motivated to stick to his plan. However, he has lost 5 pounds and notices that his energy level has increased. He asks his roommates to start eating more fruits and veggies along with him, so that he will not feel as tempted to fall back into his old eating habits. Josh is in the ______ stage.

action

What information should a family health tree include for deceased relatives?

age and cause of death

Which of the following is the basic information that should be provided when available for each family member in a family health tree?

age at death and its cause date of birth major diseases

Which of the following are examples of public health initiatives for disease prevention rather than health promotion?

flu-shot campaigns food-safety campaigns

According to the stages of change model, which of the following would be the most appropriate way of viewing change?

as a series of steps going both up and down

Which of the following are examples of gene mutations that are neither beneficial nor harmful?

attached or detached earlobes eye color (Cystic fibrosis is a lung disorder that makes it difficult to breathe; Recall that the mutation that causes sickle-cell disease can be harmful.)

In the Stages of Change Model, which of the following would not occur in the contemplation stage of behavior change, prior to proceeding onto the next stage of change?

avoiding environments that trigger unhealthy behavior

Which of the following belong to the action stage of the Stages of Change Model?

beginning to avoid triggers for unhealthy behavior changing your behavior

The Determinants of Health: Environment

brian eats mostly fast food bc there is not a grocery store close to his apartment kirstin's new boyfriend loves to salse dance, and now she goes out dancing with him two nights a week tanya never saw her parents have a disagreement and, as a result, she avoids conflict in her close personal relationships

The preparation stage includes

building your skill set.

In which two ways can a family health tree help you improve your own health?

by helping to identify potential risks by illustrating familial patterns of health and illness

Higher rates of ______ are expected in older populations in comparisons to younger populations.

chronic illness

Josh starts going out with Tara, who makes a few comments about his unhealthy diet. Josh starts to look at his eating habits in a new way and wonders if he would look and feel better if he ate less junk food and more fruits and veggies. Josh is in the _____ stage.

contemplation

Which of the following factors are considered social determinants of health?

employment status income transportation

Which of the following are included in the maintenance stage of the Stages of Change Model?

engaging in the new behavior for at least six months working to prevent yourself from falling into old habits

Dimensions of Wellness: Emotional

expressing feelings having an optimistic outlook being able to laugh at yourself

True or false: There are major biological differences between races that strongly determine health outcomes for various groups

false (Biologically distinct races do not exist within the human species. Genetic traits are passed down by individuals, not "races." It is more accurate to view race as a social rather than biological category.)

A pattern of illness in your family means that you will also get that illness regardless of your lifestyle choices

false (Patterns do not automatically indicate that you will be affected; you can often take steps to prevent illness.)

Poverty and stress during early childhood lead to adverse events during a person's life in part because children who grow up in poverty may experience which of the following?

greater exposure to toxins less educational opportunity higher rates of poor nutrition

A population achieves health equity when all people

have an equal opportunity to attain their full health potential

Eliminating avoidable social and economic practices and policies that create barriers to improving the health of certain demographic groups leads to

health equity

Public health efforts include both

health promotion and disease prevention.

What is the primary benefit to population health of studying health outcomes among demographic groups?

identifying differences in health outcomes between groups and finding opportunities for intervention

Which of the following are included in the preparation stage of the Stages of Change Model?

looking for tools to help support the change setting goals and a start date

In the Stages of Change Model, the stage that is held for at least six months but can sometimes last a lifetime is known as the ______ stage

maintenance

Josh has stuck to his plan for two semesters and now has a handful of vegetarian recipes that are easy for him to make and which he enjoys eating. On mornings when he would rather get a breakfast burrito than eat fruit, he reminds himself that eating fruit will not make him fall asleep in class like a breakfast burrito would. Josh is in the _____ stage.

maintenance

Which of the following might be effective actions to take if you discover a pattern of illness or disease in your family health tree?

make lifestyle changes watch for early warning signs have tests or screenings

The discipline that focuses on the health of the masses in contrast to the health of individuals is known as ______ health.

public

Which of the following occur during the contemplation stage of the Stages of Change Model?

recognizing you have a problem behavior weighing the pros and cons of making a change

Which of the following is a way in which you can improve your chances of success during the action stage of the Stages of Change model?

rewarding yourself for change

Which of the following are included in the preparation stage of the Stages of Change Model?

setting goals and a start date looking for tools to help support the change

Which of the following are behavior choices that affect a person's individual health?

smoking status level of physical fitness

Which of the following is thought to have the most significant impact on population health outcomes?

socioeconomic status

Dimensions of Wellness: Physical

taking the stairs instead of the escalator getting a flu shot practicing safe sex

In the Stages of Change Model, the stage at which there is no temptation to return to the old behavior is known as the ______ stage. (Remember to enter only one word in the blank.)

termination

Tara and Josh broke up, but he is still sticking to his plan. In fact, it is now become part of his routine and he does not think he will ever go back to his old eating habits. Josh is in the _____ stage.

termination

The active process of adopting patterns of behavior that can lead to improved health is known as ______, whereas the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being is known as ______.

wellness; health

Which of the following are included in the maintenance stage of the Stages of Change Model?

working to prevent yourself from falling into old habits engaging in the new behavior for at least six months

Besides your relatives, you should also include ______ on your family health tree

yourself