Kines 199 Final

Which of the following values of correlation indicates the WORST RELATIONSHIP between two variables?

.10

Which statement is most true about aerobic training?

Aerobic training improves VO2 max after puberty

Which of the following is most true of strength training?

Cultural norms may influence gender differences in participation in activities that promote strength.

Which of the following is an example of learning?

I can play a sonata on the piano without mistakes after weeks of practice

The theoretical perspective that most clearly omits environmental influences is

maturational

An experimental design in which you study different groups of people but look at them over a period of time is

mixed longitudinal research

Changes that occur in presbyopia include

more difficulty with near vision compared to far

The process by which cells become more specialized is:

differentiation

The "kitten study" teaches us that

movement is necessary to develop good visual perception

A 10 month old's primary rate limiter for walking unassisted is

balance

When placed in an infant walker, an infant will often be able to walk or move from place to place using a walking pattern. What rate limiter(s) does an infant walker overcome or adjust for?

balance and strength

Comparing an ant walking over a gravel parking lot with an adult bouldering (climbing over large rocks) is an example of

body scaling

Which of the following factors is most strongly related to absolute maximal oxygen uptake?

body size

Of the following, which does not contribute to depth perception?

near vision acuity

Before puberty the biggest contribution to muscle strength development with training is

neural adaptation

Before puberty, the biggest contribution to muscle strength development with training is

neural adaptation

Most growth in muscle after birth occurs

due to hypertrophy

The theoretical perspective that most clearly includes environmental influences is

ecological

Skin and nervous system develop from which embryonic tissue:

ectoderm

The process by which cartilage is turned into bone is

ossification

When osteoblast activity is greater than osteoclast activity, the following occurs

ossification

A current major concern for children in the United States is

over-consumption of fat, refined sugar, and salt

Which of the following is related to declines in maximal oxygen uptake in older adults?

cardiovascular changes respiratory system changes

A master approach to teaching motor skills to young children involves

children learning that effort and outcome are related

Which statement is most true about flexibility?

flexibility does not improve during childhood

Which statement is most true about flexibility?

flexibility does not improve throughout childhood

Growth occurs in the following way(s) - choose all that apply:

from the head down proximodistal

Childhood trauma results in underdeveloped brain activity in which lobe?

frontal

In running, the lower body twists one way and the upper body twists the opposite way. This movement pattern creates a(n) __________ amount of force than if this movement were not present.

greater

Which of the following does not lead to slowing in older adults?

allowing more time to respond

Very young children's throws tend to consist primarily of

arm action

When do the secondary sex characteristics occur?

at an older age in late compared with early maturers

Which of the following is partially responsible for children's slower cognitive processing speed?

attention and memory

Which of the following attributions is most likely to result in a youngster counting to play in a sport?

attributing a loss to advantages that the other team has experienced

_________________ portions of lean body mass show a _________________ link to working capacity, and ___________________ portions of fat tissue show a ___________________ link.

higher, positive, higher, negative

You are coaching an athlete with high self-esteem. After losing the game he attributes the loss to

how he played during the game lack of effort on his part

Anomalies present at birth are called

congenital

The order of early locomotor development is

crawling, creeping, cruising, walking

Which of the following is most true about strength training?

cultural norms may influence gender differences in participation in activities that promote strength

Which of the following is most true of strength training?

cultural norms may influence gender differences in strength training

When the ventricular walls of the heart thicken in disease or aging, the following may occur

decrease in stroke volume

Which of the following would improve balance?

decrease the center of gravity and widen base of support

Force absorption is another principle of motion. This principle states that to _______________ the impact of a reaction force, you must either _______________ the amount of time in which the impact occurs or _____________________ the area over which the impact occurs.

decrease, decrease, increase

Which of the following describes changes in walking for elder adults?

decreased step length and increased toe out

Limitations on anaerobic capacity for children are partially related to

inefficient motor coordination intolerance of lactic acid

Limitations on anaerobic capacity for children are partially related to

inefficient motor coordination intolerance of lactic acid

To throw as hard as he can a pitcher flexes his arm to decrease _______during the "windup" then extends his arm to increase ________________ before ball release.

inertia, radius of rotation

Which of the following is true of vision during infancy?

infants' focal point is about 20 inches away from their faces

Good self esteem relates to attributions to

internal, controllable factors

In true experimental research the dependent variable

is the measure

A genetic condition which occurs only in boys, and is characterized by an extra X chromosome and tall stature, among other effects is called:

klinefelter syndrome

In past research, children have said that _________________ makes them drop out of sport.

lack of progress parental pressure to succeed time constraints

After performing worse than most of your class on an exam, the most useful attribution to make would be

lack of time spent studying

The master gland of the body is

pituitary

In the developing nervous system, the following process occurs first

proliferation

A system that develops slower than another system is termed a _____________ for overall development.

rate limiter

A bigger knowledge base in more expert performers

reduces the need to hold information in the short term

Which statement is most true?

stability trades off with mobility

Regular physical activity has no apparent effect on

stature

Which of the following types of knowledge can be generalized across different physical activities/knowledge topics?

strategic

The following statement about strength development is false

strength steadily declines in the 20's and into older adulthood

When you have short legs and can't make it up the mountain because of large rocks you are succumbing to a

structural individual constraint

A reflex that is observed in utero is

sucking

Environmental agents responsible for causing prenatal developmental disorders are called

teratogens

Which of the following was found by Parizkova in a longitudinal study of boys from 10.7 to 14.7 years of age?

the absolute amount of fat weight remained the same in most active boys the most active boys increased in lean body mass

The vestibular system is located in

the inner ear

Why do children have smaller energy reserves absolute anaerobic power output than adults do?

they have less muscle mass

The Babinski reflex is characterized by

toe extension

The characteristic that makes skipping and galloping more difficult than running or hopping is

unequal timing

You learn in class that most children develop a three point pencil grip at a certain age. You are talking with your sister, who claims that her son achieved that skill one year earlier, so your teacher must be wrong. To counter her argument you tell her about:

universality versus variability

Type II muscle

uses glycogen and is fast twitch

The chambers of the heart which pump blood to the lungs and rest of the body are

ventricles

What is most true about self-esteem?

women have lower physical self-esteem and feeling of control over health than men do

Which of the following statements is false?

adolescents should be encouraged to exercise as much as possible

According to Nadine Burke Harris (Ted Talk on ACES)

adverse childhood experiences are related to most of the tp 10 diseases that kill people in the USA

Which statement is most true about aerobic training?

aerobic training improves V02 max more after puberty than before

You and I can ride on a bicycle; a 6 month old child might have fun spinning the pedals. This is an example of

affordances

Which of the following is most true?

females can lose 25-30% of bone mass by age 80

The _________________ is the term for a developing baby after 8 weeks along

fetus

The ability to pick out a specific object against a background is

figure ground perception

Down Syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome in which pair of chromosomes?

21

In the United States, approximately ________________ of children and adolescents are obese.

25%

The most common way to measure body composition in children is

skinfold calipers

I am interested in testing the effect of amount of light on reaction time in young and old individuals. The two independent variables are:

old versus young individuals and amount of light