kinesiology 370 statistics chapter 1-4 test bank
The sum of the deviation scores from the mean will always be zero. a. true b. false
true
Consider the following scores: X = 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5; and f = 4, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 1. What is P50? a. 7 b. 8 c. 8.5 d. 9 e. 9.5
9
Consider the following data: 8, 10, 12, 14, 7, 5, 9, 10. What is the range? a. 2.8 b. 8.0 c. 9.0 d. 10.0
9.0
If everyone in a classroom scores the same on an exam, the variance is a. 0 b.1 c. −1 d. unable to determine
0
Assume that resting heart rates are normally distributed with a mean of 80 beats per minute and a standard deviation of 8 beats per minute. What is the z score of a heart rate of 95 beats per minute? a. −1.88 b. 1.88 c. −2.00 d. 2.00
1.88
consider the following data: 8, 10, 12, 14, 7, 5, 9, 10. What is the mode? a. 9.0 b. 9.4 c. 9.5 d. 10.0
10.0
In a fairly large, normal distribution with a mean of 15.0, two- thirds of the cases fall between the score points 12.5 and 17.5. The standard deviation can be estimated to be close to a. 1.0 b. 2.5 c. 4.0 d. 6.25
2.5
What score represents P16 if the mean of the distribution is 300 and the standard deviation is 10? a. 295 b. 290 c. 275 d. 265
290
The z score of -.50 represents what percentile? a. 30.85 b. 19.15 c. 38.30 d. 50.00
30.85
. Which of the following measure represents the highest degree of relative performance? a. percentile of 90 b. T score of 72 c. raw score of 60 with mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 d. z score of 1.5
T score of 72
If a distribution of test scores has an unusually high score in comparison to the other scores, what shape does it have? a. normal b. skewed left c. skewed right d. uniform
skewed right
T score = 43. What is the percentile? a. 24.20 b. 25.80 c. 34.13 d. 43.06
24.20
The variables percent body fat (%), oxygen consumption (ml/kg/min), and weight (in pounds) would be considered _______, _______, and _______, respectively. a. nominal; nominal; nominal b. ordinal; nominal; ordinal c. continuous; nominal; continuous d. continuous; nominal; ordinal *e. continuous; continuous; continuou
continuous; continuous ; continuous
For a set of 5,000 scores, the mean is 98, the median is 110, and the mode is 120. Which of the following describes the distribution? a. homogeneous b. heterogeneous c. positively skewed d. negatively skewed
negatively skewed
How does one describe a distribution that has many more high scores than low scores? a. positively skewed b. negatively skewed c. normal d. rectangular
negatively skewed
With a mean of 12 and a median of 14, we can infer that the distribution is a. positively skewed b. negatively skewed c. normal d. rectangular
negatively skewed
What is the ultimate goal of evaluation?
to make intelligent decisions
Total score variance minus error score variance leaves you with a. absolute score variance b. no variance c. true score variance d. observed variance
true score variance
Which of the following is a characteristic of ordinal scale measures? a. They indicate rank order. b. They can express ratios. c. They have arbitrary zero values. d. They indicate only group membership.
they indicate rank order
Which distribution is the most homogeneous given the following: (1) mean = 100 and variance = 25; (2) mean = 120 and variance = 36; (3) mean = 90 and variance = 49.
*a. (1)
What is the mean of a z score distribution? a. 0 b. 1 c. 10 d. 50
0
The z score at the 70th percentile is
0.52
How many students out of 100 would be between the z scores of .33 and .94?
20
Consider the following: mean = 196, standard deviation = 14, and N = 17. What is the raw score for a z score of 0.35? a. 207 b. 205 c. 203 *d. 201
201
Using the scores 1, 3, 2, 1, 3, find (ΣX2)/2 + (ΣX)2 × 2
212
What score from a distribution having a mean of 30 and a standard deviation of 5 corresponds to a z score of -1.5? a. 22.50 b. 25.00 c. 30.00 d. 37.50
22.50
Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores are normally distributed with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100. A student's SAT score is 430. What is the student's percentile? Round to the nearest whole number.
24
What percentage of the cases would you find in a distribution between the median and Q3? a. 25% b. .34% c. .50% d. unable to determine from given information
25%
Given that the mean is 80 and the standard deviation is 10, which of the following does not belong? a. z score = -1.21 b. T score = 37.9 c. raw score = 67.9 d. P = 38.69
p=38.69
Which of the following does not belong with the other two? a.Tscore=70 b.zscore=2.0 c. percentile = 95
percentile 95
With a median of 12 and a mean of 14, we can infer that the distribution is a. positively skewed b. negatively skewed c. normal d. rectangular
positively skewed
What is the standard deviation of a distribution having the following statistics: N = 25; ΣX = 125; ΣX2 = 1025? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d.5
4
What T score value is associated with a score of 15 from a distribution having a mean and standard deviation of 25 and 10, respectively? a. 35 b. 40 c.45 d. 60
40
What is the T score for the 43rd percentile? a. 48.20 b. 48.52 c. 49.30 d. 49.82
48.20
Who has developed a taxonomy for the psychomotor domain
Krathwohl
Which of the following measurement scales is related to naming or classifying?
nominal
lassifying subjects as athletes or nonathletes, male or female, from New York or Hawaii, is an example of which measurement scale? a. nominal scale b. ordinal scale c. interval scale d. ratio scale
nominal
Measurement on the nominal scale is accurately described as quantitative measurement. a. true b. false
false
The first quartile corresponds to the 75th percentile value. a. true b. false
false
Consider the following data: 8, 10, 12, 14, 7, 5, 9, 10. What is the variance? a. 2.8 b. 8.0 c. 9.0 d. 10.0
8.0
What percentage of the normal curve lies between -1.53 and +1.37 standard deviation units from the mean?
85.17
Consider the following data: 8, 10, 12, 14, 7, 5, 9, 10. What is the mean? a. 9.0 b. 9.4 c. 9.5 d. 10.0
9.4
Consider the following data: 8, 10, 12, 14, 7, 5, 9, 10. What is the median? a. 9.0 b. 9.4 c. 9.5 d. 10.0
9.5
If a normal distribution of scores has a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 10, what score does it take to be 2 standard deviations above the mean? a. 50 b. 60 c. 80 d. 90
90
The z score of 1.56 is what percentile? a. 44.06 b. 94.06 c. 45.71 d. 92.71
94.06
What percent of observations lies between -1.96 and +1.96 standard deviations?
95%
What percentage of the normal curve lies between -2.0 and +2.0 standard deviation units from the mean? a. 47.72 b. 68.26 c. 86.64 d. 95.44
95.44
After administering a test, your instructor decided to develop norms for it. Year1:N=60;ΣX=560;ΣX2 =7880;SD=1;M=14. Year 2: N = 40; ΣX = 450; ΣX2 = 4905; SD = 3; M = 10. What is the mean of the combined classes? Round to the nearest tenth. a. 10.1 b. 11.1 c. 12.0 d. 13.0
10.1
The best estimate of the median of the measurements 5, 10, 7, 11,8,18,13,and12is a. 11 b. 11.5 c. 10 d. 10.5
10.5
If a normal distribution of scores has a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 10, approximately what percentage of students scored below 60? a. 2.5 b. 16.0 c. 50.0 d. 84.0 e. 97.5
16.0
The mean on a test was 50 and the standard deviation was 20. What percent of people scored between a z score of .80 and a raw score of 68? a. 2.78 b. 18.41 c. 21.19 d. 28.81
2.78
Consider the following data: 8, 10, 12, 14, 7, 5, 9, 10. What is the standard deviation? a. 2.8 b. 8.0 c. 9.0 d. 10.0
2.8
. SAT scores are normally distributed with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100. A student's SAT score was at the 30th percentile. What was her raw score? Round to the nearest whole number. a. 416 b. 426 c. 448 d. 466 e. 486
448
Put score limits on 95 percent of the scores when the 84th percentile is a score of 60 and the 16th percentile is a score of 50. a. 50 to 60 b. 45 to 65 c. 40 to 70 d. 35 to 75
45 to 65
What is the mean of a T score?
50
What is the T score associated with the 97.5th percentile
70
What is summation notation? a. a series of Greek symbols b. an extension of scales of measurement c. the software used within PASW to generate results d. a shorthand method of describing mathematical steps
a shorthand method of describing mathematical steps
Who did best relative to his or her classmates? That is, who had the highest percentile? a. John, whose percentile was 97% on a fitness test b. Karen, who scored 45 correct on a test with 50 questions c. Mike, whose z score was 3.0 on a written health test d. Allison, whose T score was 75 on a soccer test e. It is impossible to determine from what is given.
it is impossible to determine from what is given
Why is the range not often used for statistical analysis? a. It is too large. b. It is the easiest measure to calculate. c. It is not very reliable. d. It takes too long to figure out.
it is not very reliable
the variable BMI group (low, normal, high, very high) would be considered a. continuous b. interval c. ordinal d. nominal e. ratio
ordinal
What is the simplest measure of variability to calculate
range
Reaction-time tests are what level of measurement?
ratio
To make statements such as 8 units is twice as much as 4 units, what level of measurement is required? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
ratio
Which of the following allows for fractional comparison? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
ratio
Which of the following is the highest (most sophisticated) scale of measurement? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
ratio
Which of the following scales contain an absolute zero point?
ratio
The standard deviation is an indication of
the variability of a set of test scores around the mean
Forced categories should not be created because of the potential loss of information. a. true b. false
true
if a normal distribution of scores has a mean of 47 and a standard deviation of 11, what range of values would contain 99.74% of the scores? a. 14 to 80 b. 25 to 69 c. 30 to 64 d. 36 to 58
14-80
The average number of points scored by NBA teams last year was 100 per game. The standard deviation was 30 points. Ninety-five percent of the games had NBA teams scoring fewer than how many points? Round to the closest whole number.
150
Approximately what percentile is associated with a raw score located 1 standard deviation below the mean in a normal distribution? a. 40 b. 35 c. 22 d. 16
16
What is the variance of a distribution having the following statistics: N = 25; ΣX = 125; ΣX2 = 1025? a. 13 b. 15 c. 17 d. 19
17
what percent of the cases would you find in a distribution between the median and P75?
25%
A pupil attains a raw score of 82 on a test with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 12. What is the corresponding T score?
35
Assume that a teacher wants to grade on the curve. The average grade will be a C. She will give 10% of the class an A and 10% an F. What is the T-score cutoff to pass the test (i.e., earn a grade of D or better)? Round to the nearest whole number. (Hint: Find the z score from the table of normal-curve areas.)
37
On a knowledge test, a score of 10 is at the 40th percentile. What does this indicate
40 percent of the test scores were at or below 10
With a mean of 27.1 and a standard deviation of 3.9, the T scores for the raw scores 26 and 32 are a. 36 and 65 b. 42 and 59 c. 46 and 61 d. 47 and 63 e. 49 and 60
47 and 63
What is the standard deviation of the combined classes? Year 1: N=60;ΣX=560;ΣX2 =7880;SD=1;M=14.Year2:N=40;ΣX= 450; ΣX2 = 4905; SD = 3; M = 10. Round to the nearest whole number. a. 2.0 b. 3.0 c. 4.0 d. 5.0
5.0
Consider the following scores: 2, 3, 3, 4. What is the standard deviation? Round to the nearest tenth.
7
The mean on a test is 200 and the variance was 400 points. What percentage of people scored less than 170? Round to the nearest whole number. a. 7 b. 13 c. 43 d. 87
7
The mean on a test was 200 and the standard deviation was 20 points. What percent of people scored less than 170? Round to the nearest whole number. a. 7 b. 13 c. 43 d. 87
7
For a 100-point test, the cutoff for an F is 60 points. With a mean of 74 and standard deviation of 10, how many students out of 100 would receive an F? a. less than 1 b. 8 c. 15 d. more than 20
8
If IQ scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, what percentage of the population has IQs between 85 and 130? a. 34.13 b. 68.26 c. 81.85 d. 95.44
81.85
The average athlete is able to begin activity 90 days after having a knee operation. The standard deviation is 20 days. Sixty-eight percent of athletes are able to participate within how many days? Round to the nearest day.
99 days
Given that variance = 100 and P16 = 985, which of the following is probably the mean? a. 965 b. 975 c. 995 d. need more information
995
what happens to the mean and the standard deviation of a set of scores if each score is increased by 10?
The mean changes and the standard deviation stays the same.
Karen's T score was 65. What is her z score? a. 0.5 b. 1.5 c. 2.0 d. need more information
1.5
Which of the following graphs is the best choice in determining the shape of a distribution? a. bar chart b. histogram c. pie chart d. frequency table
histogram
Assume that resting heart rates are normally distributed with a mean of 80 beats per minute and a standard deviation of 8 beats per minute. What is the probability of randomly selecting a person with a heart rate of 95 beats per minute or greater? a. 0.000 b. 0.030 c. 0.500 d. 0.970
0.030
Which of the following is not a PASW command that you can use to summarize your data? a. descriptives b. frequencies c. histograms d. cluster
cluster
The variable weight (in kg) would be considered a. continuous b. interval c. ordinal d. nominal
continuous
The variables age (in years), sport, and college major would be considered _______, _______, and _______, respectively. *a. continuous; nominal; nominal b. ordinal; nominal; ordinal c. continuous; nominal; continuous d. continuous; continuous; ordinal
continuous: nominal ; nominal
The variables time (in seconds), temperature (in degrees F), and triathlon event (swim, bike, run) would be considered _______, _______, and _______, respectively. a. nominal; nominal; nominal b. ordinal; nominal; ordinal c. continuous; continuous; nominal d. continuous; nominal; ordinal
continuous; continuous; nominal
The variables height (in inches), gender, and race would be considered _______, _______, and _______, respectively. a. nominal; nominal; nominal b. ordinal; nominal; ordinal *c. continuous; nominal; nominal d. continuous; nominal; ordinal
continuous; nominal ; nominal
The graphing technique that is most appropriate for depicting the shape of a single set of data is a a. frequency distribution b. frequency polygon c. histogram d. cumulative frequency polygon
histogram
The total area to the left of -1 standard deviation from the mean in a normal distribution represents approximately 84% of the total area of the curve. a. true b. false
false
To compare two sets of data, the most appropriate technique to use is the a. frequency distribution b. frequency polygon c. histogram d. cumulative frequency polygon
frequency polygon
A distribution that has a large number of scores that cluster close to the mean with relatively few scores falling in either tail is said to be a. platykurtic b. mesokurtic c. leptokurtic d. heterogeneous
leptokurtic
Descriptive statistics provide a. mathematical summaries of data b. inferences about population parameters c. generalizations about distributions d. predictions regarding future trends
mathematical summaries of data
When you sum all of the X values of interest and divide by the number of values that you summed, you have calculated a a. mean b. median c. mode d. variance
mean
Which of the following is the arithmetic average? a. mean b. median c. mode d. variance
mean
Which statistic requires the data to be ranked before its calculation? a. mean b. median c. average d. mod
median
Which statistic can be used with either continuous, nominal, or ordinal data? a. mean b. median c. average d. mode
mode
What is another name for the z score table? a. percentile table b. T-score table *c. normal curve table d. symmetrical table
normal curve table
the statistical term for the shape (or symmetry) of a distribution is __________ and the peakedness of a curve is referred to as _______. a. kurtosis; skewness *b. skewness; kurtosis c. kurtosis; normal d. normal; skewness 141
skewness; kurtosis
Which of the following is a characteristic of ratio scale measures? a. They indicate rank-only order. b. They have absolute zero values. c. They have arbitrary zero values. d. They indicate only group membership.
they have absolute zero values
Why are standard scores so important? a. They are related to the normal curve. b. Grades can be based on them. *c. They permit scores to be compared more appropriately. d. They are easier to interpret than percentiles. e. They reduce the variability in a distribution to 1 (for z scores) and 10 (for T scores).
they permit scores to be compared more appropriately
The area to the left of 1 standard deviation from the mean in a normal distribution represents 84% of the total area of the curve. a. true b. false
true
When are the mean, median, and mode identical? a. when the sample size is very large b. when all equal zero c. when the distribution is mesokurtic *d. when the distribution is symmetrical
when the distribution is symmetrical
What area of the normal curve lies between a z score of .48 and a T score of 42? a. 0.00 b. 10.00 c. 18.44 d. 31.56 e. 50.00
0.00
In a normal distribution, the mean divided by the median equals a. 0.00 b. 100 c. 1 d. a figure that cannot be calculated
1
Kelly's T score was 60. What is her z score?
1.0
What is the appropriate procedure for weighting the score on the final examination to count twice as much as the midterm examination score?
Double the T score for the final and add this to the T score for the midterm.
Given the following statistics, which test would contribute most to a composite score obtained by adding each student's four scores together? a. test A: M = 80; SD = 2 b.testB:M=70;SD=4 c.testC:M=60;SD=6 d.testD:M=50;SD=8
test D:M=50;SD8
The best reason for using T scores with three skill items on a basketball test is to
add scores together
john scored at the 45th percentile on the course midterm. Which interpretation of his score is the best? a. 45% of the people tested exceeded his score b. John got 45% of the items correct. c. John had a better score than 45% of the people tested. d. More than one of these statements is an appropriate interpretation.
c. John had a better score than 45% of the people tested.
Which pair of scores represents the same level of measurement? a. football jersey numbers and height b. eye color and distance c. height and eye color d. distance and height
distance and height
Who did best relative to his or her classmates? That is, who had the highest percentile? a. Timmy, whose percentile was 97% on a fitness test b. Jessica, who scored 45 correct on a test with 50 questions c. Shawn, whose z score was 0 on a written health test d. Allison, whose T score was 75 on a soccer test e. unable to determine from data given
e. unable to determine from data given
The larger the standard deviation, the more homogeneous the distribution. a. true b. false
false
A distribution of scores is best obtained with what PASW command? a. report b. means c. frequencies d. descriptives
frequencies
Which of the following does not represent a nominal scale of measurement? a. gender b. race c. religion d. height
height
Which of the following tests will carry the greatest weight if you simply add the total number of correct items to obtain a total score for the course grade? a. items = 200; mean = 140; standard deviation = 10 b. items = 200; mean = 130; standard deviation = 20 c. items = 200; mean = 150; standard deviation = 30 d. items = 200; mean = 120; standard deviation = 40
items = 200; mean = 120; standard deviation = 40
The most stable measure of central tendency with interval data is the
mean
Three of the following four things have something in common. Which does not belong with the other three? a. mean b. range c. standard deviation d. variance
mean
Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for continuous scale measurements? a. mode b. median c. mean d. either the mode or the mean
mean
Which of the following statistics are most commonly reported in sport and exercise science research reports? a. mean: standard deviation b. median: standard deviation c. mean: range d. mode: range
mean : standard deviation
Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for ordinal scale measurements? a. mode b. median c. mean d. either the mode or the mean
median
Which of the following is not affected by the value of every score in the set on which it is calculated? a. mean b. standard deviation c. median d. variance
median
ranking scores on a test from highest to lowest facilitates finding which of the following measures?
median and mode
How can a standard z score be changed to a T score?
multiply by 10 and add 50
A distribution that has many more high scores than low scores is
negatively skewed
Political party affiliation (Republican, Democrat) is an example of which measurement scale? a. nominal scale b. ordinal scale c. interval scale d. ratio scale
nominal
The numbers on the shirts of football referees represent what level of measurement? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
nominal
Lining students up according to height without actually measuring height represents what level of measurement? a. nominal b. ordinal c. interval d. ratio
ordinal
The level of measurement that, at best, can rank subjects is
ordinal
Oxygen uptake capacity measured in liters per minute is an example of which type of measurement? a. nominal scale measurement b. ordinal scale measurement c. interval scale measurement d. ratio scale measurement
ratio scale measurement
You want to make the norms as easy as possible for students, parents, administrators, and teachers to understand. How would you report your results?
raw scores and percentiles
A distribution around a given mean and standard deviation that is mesokurtic with no skewness is said to be
regular, bell shaped , normal
Which words might be used to describe the shape of a distribution? a. skewness b. ICC c. variance d. range
skewness
Which measure of variability is normally reported with the mean? a. range b. variance c. standard deviation d. correlation
standard deviation
you are discussing the heterogeneity of your tennis class results with one of your fellow teachers. Which of the following terms will you probably use in the discussion? a. standard deviation b. intervally scaled c. percentile d. grouped frequency distribution
standard deviation
Which of the following represents the nominal scale of measurement? a. achievement on the SA T test b. student enrollment (ID) number c. percentage of body fat from skinfold calipers d. age of the students
student enrollment (ID) number
Which of the following represents the nominal scale of measurement? a. body fat b. test score c. student number d. vertical jump
student number