Kinesiology Exam 3

Arousal Number

1-9, generally best performance comes from a moderate level of physiological arousal (4-6), can be subjective

Evidence-based practice involves five steps:

1. Asking a focused question about the specific health needs of one's client 2. Finding the best evidence by searching in academic and professional journals 3. Critically reviewing the literature 4. Applying the results with one's client, patient, or student 5. Evaluating the outcomes

Which of the following intervention strategies do you think the coach and CMPC chose to help improve Kyra's confidence level?

1. Create verbal cues or triggers to recall the desired imagery 2. Direct attention outward not inward while shooting 3. Create positive mental blueprint that includes physical sensations and feelings 4. Practice mindfulness to help clear out her mental interference 5. Acknowledge that choking happens

Arrange the following steps Keturah should take according to the order in which they should be done to address her athlete's situation

1. Determine the nature of pain (based on biomechanics, not diagnosis) 2. Assess the athlete's technique for correctness 3. Consider whether the tennis racket is contributing to the problem 4. Assess the training program to ensure that overtraining is not occurring

Which of the following statements about early diversification is true? 1. Overuse injuries are a common negative result of early diversification 2. Early diversification should begin at 16 years of age 3. Athlete development is hindered by early diversification

1. Early diversification results in a longer sport career 2. Early diversification can also be termed sport sampling

Using what you have learned from Aisha's situation, what forces might be influencing the pain experienced by Keturah's new athlete?

1. Excess or repetitive forces causing injury to elbow tissue 2. Forces she applies to the racket and ball to manipulate motion

Questions when considering factors such as the environment, the laws of nature, and interaction factors

1. How do you have your desk and computer set up? 2. How high is your screen, and how far is it positioned from you? 3. Do you have your keyboard lowered into an optimal position? 4. Have you recently made any changes to your office workspace?

What questions should Janet be asking about stretching to help her make the decision about best practices for her clients?

1. How does stretching muscles, ligaments, and tendons affect the ability of these tissues to transmit or generate force? 2. What type of stretching exercises are best before vigorous exercise? 3. Are stretching recommendations the same for all people?

Office Ergonomics

1. Monitor at arm's length away 2. Wrists straight, hands at or below elbow level 3. Adjust chair height so knees are about level with hips

What steps can Janet take to gain the knowledge to answer her questions?

1. Read the ACSM's recommendations for warming up and building flexibility 2. Review what she learned from attending a professional conference 3. Look through her professional journals

What does Keturah need to know to make the best choice about how to help this player?

1. What are the external forces associated with hitting a tennis ball with a racket? 2. What are the typical forces that can influence our body structures and functions? 3. What are the internal forces needed to hit a ball with a racket?

The field of biomechanics as we know it today was formed in the late _____

1960s

Sport Biomechanics

A branch of biomechanics centered on improving sport performance by athletes through the improvement in movement techniques or the development of equipment

Clinical Biomechanics

A branch of biomechanics centered on improving the ability of an injured or disabled individual to perform activities of daily living, including work and leisure activities, physical activity, or exercise

Intrinsic Motivation

A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake

Extrinsic Motivation

A desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment

Research by Joan Vickers from the University of Calgary deals with what topic?

A training technique called the quiet eye, which can help athletes in pressure situations

Amotivation

Absence of motivation

Behavior

Actions

self-fulfilling prophecy

An expectation that causes you to act in ways that make that expectation come true- a belief that leads to its own fulfillment

Observation

Behavior checklist or coding

In order to make the best use of ____________, kinesiologists need to incorporate work from the many other areas that help us understand the client or performer

Biomechanics

The ________ of water reduced the impact on joints

Buoyancy

This study measured the amount of bone-loading forces and ______________________ from participating in a Better Bones & Balance program

Cardiovascular Activity

The CMPC deduced that Kyra, feeling the pressure and stress to be the person who wins for the team, had ______, as seen by the decline of her performance

Choked

Physical activity performance is facilitated by ________ and group membership; however, social loafing may occur if individuals are not monitored

Cohesion

As early as the 1920s, systematic research in the field of sport psychology was being conducted by _______________; however, the field was not recognized until the late 1960s

Coleman Griffith

The CMPC also noted that Kyra was not allowing her shot to flow freely via automatic processing; rather, she was paralyzed by ___________________

Conscious processing

Accredited only recently, the Certified Mental Performance Consultant (CMPC) certification provides sport psychology ___________ with a professional credential

Consultants

Work performed when body weight varies

Cycle Ergometer

Body Density

DEXA

Individuals who exercise have been shown to realize mental health benefits, including psychological well-being, decreased anxiety, and decreased __________

Depression

Affect

Emotions

The two subdisciplines of kinesiology that focus on the study of human thought, emotion, and behavior in physical activity are sport psychology and ________ psychology

Exercise

Chronological age means that everyone of a certain age will be physically and mentally the same

False

The article discusses recommendations made by expert physical education teachers who specialize in youth physical activity

False

The expert panel recommended that youth physical activity programs should include 30 to 45 minutes of vigorous and moderate-intensity activity for three to five days per week

False

When working with children, use a lot of jargon so that you can be as specific as you can

False

Young athletes have the same stressors as adults

False

Muscle fiber fueled by anaerobic energy

Fast glycolytic fibers

Muscle fiber fueled by both aerobic and anaerobic systems

Fast oxidative glycolytic fibers

To assess his client's health-related components of fitness, Terry chose _________ as the primary research method

Field Work

Negative consequences of specializing in a single sport too early include all of the following: 1. Obsession to win 2. Lack of social skills 3. Lack of time for other life activities 4. High pressure to excel except:

Financial burdens from tournament fees, expensive gear, and travel

Amount of blood lactate

Fingertip blood sample

Sport and exercise psychology professionals can hold a variety of positions, including sport psychology consultants, _______ specialists, and health promotion specialists

Fitness

Serena Williams' pre-performance routine

Five bounces before each serve

Although essential to maintaining the health of our tissues and controlling our movement, excessive or repetitive _____ can injure tissues

Force

To measure ground reaction forces, a _____________ was chosen as the research tool

Force Platform

Diverse skill development, higher performance levels, and well-developed decision-making skills are examples of

Helpful effects of specializing in sports at the right time

Increase in muscle fiber size

Hypertrophy

Sport and exercise psychology professionals use ______________________ to increase exercise adherence, aid in injury rehabilitation, and ease the transition to retirement for athletes

Intervention Techniques

Imagery

Intervention technique that helps people view themselves as successfully participating in physical activity or as winning

Self-Talk

Intervention technique that involves many different strategies for talking to oneself; the purpose is to motivate the person or keep focused on a particular task

Goal setting

Intervention technique that involves setting short and long-term goals and then monitoring these goals regularly so that one can make modifications to help in their achievement

Content analysis, biochemical measures, and __________ are examples of research methods used in sport and exercise psychology

Interviews

Strength variables of muscle groups

Isokinetic Machine

___________ was the first name for the field we now call biomechanics

Kinesiology

Mindfulness

Maintain a focus on the present moment in an open, nonjudgmental way, engage fully in a present activity without being caught up in worries about the future or regrets about the past, often taught through the practice of meditation

Biomechanical Models

Mathematical models of the mechanical properties of the human body

The result of improved stroke volume from endurance training

Maximal aerobic power

VO2 used during physical activity

Measurement of oxygen uptake

Sport and exercise psychology professionals tend to the ______ aspect of physical activity

Mental

When compared to exercise on land, water has ____ resistance than air, which requires more work and can improve muscle strength

More

Early sport specialization is suggested for

Mostly artistic and acrobatic sports

The CMPC noted that Kyra seemed to be directing her attention and focus on her _______________________, rather than on staying in the present moment

Negative past experiences

Steve Nash's pre-performance routine

One or two shot rehearsals, dribble three times, deep breath, shoot

Over many weeks, the client participated in water exercises classes and noodle bicycling. She then added water-walking and strength exercises, then deep-water running, followed by land-based activities. This summary illustrates the fitness training principle of ________

Overload

Cardiovascular fitness

PACER

Number of steps

Pedometer

Katie should also consider the faculty member's physical strength, typing skill level, motivation, and emotions. These are examples that fit into which category?

Performer Characteristics

The trainer progresses the athlete through various activities, from simple to more complex. What is the most basic skill necessary in order to move on to the next?

Proper Landing Position

Questionnaire

Psychological Inventories

The purpose of the study was to review articles on youth physical activity and to create _______________ for youth physical activity programs

Recommendations

Increased number due to endurance training

Skeletal muscle capillaries

Thickness of fat layer just below the skin (subcutaneous)

Skinfold Calipers

Children are more likely to be physically active, partly due to family support and modeling, as compared to elderly people, who often become less active due to _______________

Social Isolation

Terry chose warm water exercise (cardiovascular exercise) as the main activity to help improve his client's overall health and reduce her joint pain. His choice demonstrates the fitness training principle of ___________

Specificity

Michael Phelps' pre-performance routine

Stretch and backslap

Amount of blood ejected per heart beat

Stroke Volume

Stronger levels of commitment; a better ability to cope with stress, distractions, and difficulties; and higher confidence are key attributes of __________ athletes compared to unsuccessful athletes

Successful

Which statement best describes Dr. Vickers' quiet eye technique?

Take a one-second look at the desired object before proceeding

According to the trainer, once an athlete has acquired and learned the necessary skills, performing the skills toward the end of the workout is preferred as an injury prevention strategy. Why?

The athlete is fatigued

Autonomous Extrinsic Motivation

The combined effects of identified and integrated regulation, which are more autonomous and more closely associated with intrinsic motivation than controlled extrinsic motivation "I'm an athlete" "I value what I learn in sport" "it teaches me self-discipline" "what I get from sport is important to me"

Social Loafing

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

Cognitions

Thoughts

Increased amount exhaled during high-intensity exercise

Tidal Volume

All young people can benefit from mental skills training as long as they are delivered in a way that's tailored to their developmental level

True

Although high-performance young athletes may have acquired physical skills, they many not have the experience to cope with the pressure of sport

True

Imagery is a good tool when helping to explain a concept to a young athlete

True

Implementing mental skills training with young athletes should be fun, short, and ever evolving with physical, social, and mental maturation

True

Just like you would with adults, you need to be aware of burnout and help all athletes with coping strategies

True

As part of the steps to help the faculty member move masterfully, Katie has identified the task as typing at a workstation. What is the performer's goal in the scenario?

Type efficiently without pain

Body Density

Underwater Weighing

Blood vessel shift distribution away from organs

Vasoconstriction

Blood vessel shift flow toward skeletal muscles

Vasodilation

A ______ water temperature can help soothe pain

Warmer