KNPE 111 Final

More than one in four Native American people live in poverty,

1 in 4 More than one in four Native American people live in poverty,

What percent did Native Americans and Alaskan Natives make up of the U.S. population in 2012?

1.6 Native Americans and Alaskan Natives made up 1.6 percent of the U.S. population in 2012, accounting for just over 5 million people

Who wrote the book that has become the definitive history of black athletes in the United States: A Hard Road to Glory (1988)?

Arthur Ashe Jr.

A direct spectator...

Attends a live sporting event at a stadium, arena, or other venue

Who was the indoor non-profit tennis facility built for?

African Americans When the Sportsmen's Tennis and Enrichment Center was founded in 1961, it became the first indoor nonprofit tennis facility built by and for the African American community

What was a reason(s) for excluding women from sport?

All the above Females are not interested Physical activity harms the female body Women cannot compete with men in sport, so they don't deserve equal opportunity to play All of the above

What health benefits does Title IX pose to women who participate in sport?

All the above Less likely to use drugs Positive body image Less likely to smoke All of the above

To comply with Title IX and to be eligible for federal funding, schools and colleges had to meet what tests?

All the above Proportionality test History-of-progress test Accomodation of interest All of the above

Along with Latino, who are the fastest growing minority population in the U.S.?

Asian Americans Along with Latinos, Asian Americans are the fastest-growing minority population in the United States, but their participation in sport has been slow to develop.

What is "social class" defined as?

Category of people who share similar positions in a society based on their economic level, education, occupation, and social interaction This chapter defines a social class as a category of people who share similar positions in society based on their economic level, education, occupation, and social interaction.

What Movement has helped minority athletes assume a place in sports?

Civil Rights Movement

What is culture capital?

Comprises the skills and abilities that people gain from education and life experiences; may include attitudes, expectations, and self-confidence Cultural capital comprises the skills and abilities that people gain from education and life experiences; it may include attitudes, expectations, and self-confidence

What are the two broad categories of the media that cover sport?

Electronic media and print media

How do young men from middle class view sport?

Establish masculinity and gain acceptance Young men from the middle class often see sport as a way to establish their masculinity and to gain social capital by acceptance in their peer group.

Females over the age of seven reported their favorite physical activity being what?

Exercise walking Females over the age of seven reported their favorite physical activities as exercise walking (56.1 million)

Fans who follow sporting events via social media, use what platform the most? (results from 2012)

FACEBOOK Fans who follow their sport via social media report using the following platforms: Facebook (89 percent), Twitter (33 percent), YouTube (65 percent), and Google+ (18 percent). Other options—including Instagram, Flickr, and blogs—have also opened up possibilities for sport news and discussion (Laird 2012).

What Division 1 sports did African Americans far surpass their percentage of expected participation based on their share of the U.S. population?

Football, Basketball and track and field In Division I football, basketball, and track and field, African Americans far surpass their percentage of expected participation based on their share of the U.S. population, which is about 13 percent.

What is the most annoying change for TV viewers while watching sports?

Frequent time-outs to allow for commercial breaks

What professional sport that athletes of an Asian descent dominate?

Golf The one professional sport that athletes of Asian descent have dominated, at least for a time, is women's golf.

What is sport like for older adulthood?

Got wrong so look over if on exam. pg 731 Older adults who continue an established pattern of physical activity are lucky in that they decided long ago that doing so was important for them; alternatively, perhaps they simply enjoyed it so much that they made time for regular physical recreation. For those who slipped away from physical activity during their adult years, health concerns may help them refocus on its importance to their fitness, health, and disease resistance. In addition, in the back of their mind, questions may loom both about length of life and about quality of life in the years they have left. For those who steered away from physical activity in adulthood, may still be healthy now and might not face any health concerns

What is Title IX?

Granted females equal opportunity in sport The women's movement of the 1960s—including organizations such as the National Organization for Women and the Women's Action Group—helped further the movement for equality of women and men. In the sport world, however, it was the passage of Title IX that ultimately gave women an even playing field with men

Many Olympic sports are not offered at high schools or colleges, what are some of those sports?

Gymnastics, judo, boxing, figure skating Many Olympic sports are not emphasized or even offered at high schools or colleges. High-performance athletes must pursue their athletic dreams through private academies and competitions that are expensive and time-consuming. Olympic sports that require specialized training include gymnastics, swimming, judo, weightlifting, boxing, and almost all winter sports

For consumers of sport, sport media fulfills what functions?

Help create excitement leading up to the sporting event Convey to fans the significance of the sport events Creating emotional attachments with athletes, coaches, and teams All of the above ALL THE ABOVE

Why is basketball unique?

It appeals to all classes and is popular in the suburbs, rural areas, and the city Basketball is unique in that it appeals to all classes and is popular in the suburbs, rural areas, and the city.

In 1950 who was the named the greatest overall male athlete of the first half of the twentieth century?

Jim thrope In 1950, he was named the greatest overall male athlete of the first half of the twentieth century by the Associated Press, and a few years later ABC's Wide World of Sports television program named him the athlete of the century.

What ratio of African American and Hispanic girls participate in sport? (2012)

Less than two-thirds In addition, fewer than two-thirds of African American and Hispanic girls participate in sport, whereas more than three-fourths of white girls do (National Women's Law Center 2012).

Why did NFL shorten the halftime from 15 minutes to 12 minutes?

Make the game shorter in time to keep the audience's attention

People of Asian descents are usually attracted to what sports because its part of their cultural heritage?

Martial arts and yoga People of Asian descent also tend to be attracted to the martial arts and yoga because such sports are part of their cultural heritage

What was a big controversial topic for Native Americans?

Mascots The use of Native American names for mascots has become an issue in the U.S. capital, which is home to the NFL's Washington Redskins. Media coverage of the controversy has been intense as supporters on both sides have laid out their arguments.

What is the largest economic group in the U.S.?

Middle class The middle class is the largest economic group in the United States

Besides soccer, what is moving full throttle into the Latino market?

NASCAR Even NASCAR is moving full throttle into the Latino market.

What is Volley Against Violence?

Partnership between the Boston Police Community Tennis Association and the Sportsmen's Tennis and Enrichment Center, who provided 125 to 150 youth from all ages in the greater Boston area free TENNIS sessions on Friday evenings with professional coaches and volunteer Boston police officers

What was seen as a positive about sport and promoting equality?

Sport as a force for racial equality College admission Graduation rates Sport as a force for racial equality None of the above

What was seen as a negative for sport and promoting equality?

Sport being an unrealistic.. Sport being an unrealistic dream in the black community Not enough opportunity Not as highly represented None of the above

Why was gender verification required for nearly 30 years (until the 1996 Atlanta Games) ?

There was a seemingly masculine appearance of many great female athletes In the Olympic Games, gender testing was an issue for years due to the seemingly masculine appearance of many great female athletes. Gender verification was required for nearly 30 years—until the 1996 Atlanta Games—after which all Olympic gender verification was discontinued at the urging of virtually all professional medical associations, including the American Medical Association

Tennis switched from their "white clothing policy" to bright colors, changed the color of tennis balls from white to yellow, AND changed the courts from green to blue, all because of what?

To make TV viewing more attractive Tennis also scrapped its traditional "white clothing only" policy for bright colors, changed the color of tennis balls from white to yellow, and, more recently, changed tennis courts that were traditionally green to blue—all to make TV viewing more attractive.

Why integrate academics and sport?

To practice and improve their writing/language/math/science skills by writing about sport situations

What is the centrality theory?

centrality theory, which holds that white athletes get placed in the center of the lineup or the middle of the team.

What is stacking in sport?

stacking refers to an unusual distribution of whites and blacks in certain sport positions that cannot be explained by a random distribution.

What do team sports particularly teach according to the book?

Social and moral values Team sports are a particularly popular means for teaching social and moral values, good sporting behavior, and teamwork.

The 1920's were known for being the roaring 20's but were also known as what?

The golden age of radio Radio coverage of sport events began in the 1920s, which just happened to be the golden age of sport; in turn, sport helped make the late 1920s and early 1930s the golden age of radio. In the United States, the roaring '20s were also called the golden age of sports as more workers

What are At-Risk Prevention programs?

Using sports as a hook to attract children who are deemed at risk of school delinquency

After which war was there a big turning point for black athletes?

WWII But it was not until after World War II that integration became a reality in most U.S. sports and black athletes began to achieve a level of prominence. Most historians would agree that one of the major events in this period was the breaking of the color barrier in Major League Baseball (MLB) by Jackie Robinson.

What started to happen during the mid-1800s?

Women started to venture into physical activity programs founded at colleges It wasn't until the mid-1800s that women even ventured into physical activity programs founded at colleges such as Mount Holyoke and Vassar

Typically, how much does it cost for one child to be involved in an individual sports program?

$25,000 It is no secret that many individual sports—such as golf, tennis, skiing, gymnastics, and swimming—are pricy, from beginning youth clubs to high-performance training programs. Indeed, it is not unheard of in these sports for parents to spend upwards of $25,000 per year for one child with stars in his or her eyes.

By the end of 1950's, African Americans had moved to a percentage of participation in the major U.S. sports equal to their percentage of the national population. What is that percent

12% By the end of the 1950s, African Americans had moved to a percentage of participation in the major U.S. sports equal to their percentage of the national population, which was about 11 percent or 12 percent

What year did ESPN become the first full time sport station?

1979

What percent of moms were stay-home moms in 2012?

29% This cost is one reason that the number of stay-at-home moms rose to 29 percent of mothers in 2012, as compared with an all-time low of 23 percent in 1999—still

15.9% of U.S. citizens are below the poverty line, what number closely represents this percent?

48.8 million In 2012, the official poverty rate for all U.S. citizens was 15.9 percent—more than 48.8 million people

Women only get paid __ % of what males earn for comparable work. Fill in the blank

82% Even so, women overall in the workforce hold more part-time jobs than men, work fewer hours, and earn only 82 percent of what males earn for comparable work and hours worked

Outside the U.S., sport and physical activity have played significant roles in promoting what?

ALL THE ABOVE Better health and well-being Preventing disease Enhancing the quality of life All of the above

What is it like for youth development and sport?

ALL THE ABOVE Difficult for youth to maintain or enhance their self-concept when they are cut from a team Puberty really affects youth with their fast changing bodies that they become unfamiliar with Sport participation may take a back-seat to development of sexual interest All of the above

What are some reasons the book lists about why black athletes may dominate certain sports?

ALL THE ABOVE Fast twitch or slow twitch muscle fibers Genetics Environment in which they grow up All of the above

Median income for single mothers is $26,000 as compared to $84,000 for married couples. This puts many black families below the poverty line. Why does this effect black families?

ALL THE ABOVE In addition, black kids who live in inner cities may be particularly hard-pressed to find alternative role models, because successful local businesses are scarce and many potential role models have fled to the suburbs in search of a better life. Young black males are also at risk of lacking an effective male role model due to the absence of a father or to the presence of a father who is unemployed. In 2013, 72 percent of births by black women involved women who were not married

What are the reasons for children to participate in sport?

ALL THE ABOVE Introduce kids to working together for a common goal, accepting their role on a team, and learning to deal with wins and losses Enhances their self-concept in its early stages of development by mastering certain physical activities and learning new ones It is the period of most rapid growth and development that humans ever experience All of the above Once these basics are under control, they are capable of learning and enjoying basic sport skills, playing games, and learning to participate in sport. Children also can use sport to enhance their self-concept in its early stages of development by mastering certain physical activities and learning new ones.

What is true about the upper class?

ALL THE ABOVE Makes up the top 1% of U.S. households Controls about 35% of the nation's wealth The top 10% of the U.S. households control about 71% of individual and family wealth All of the above

What challenges do athletes of diverse races and ethnicities face in sport?

ALL THE ABOVE Opening opportunities in all sports to people of all races and ethnic backgrounds, especially among the youth Integrating athletes from all races and ethnic groups into the social fabric of the sport world and capitalizing on the diversity of participants Recruiting and training sport leaders - such as coaches, managers, and owners - of all races and ethnic backgrounds All of the above

What is sport like for adults?

ALL THE ABOVE Physical activity is challenged by pressure of college, work, and/or starting a family Find motivation from friends or joining a group or team Those who have experienced sport in the past, usually seek that physical activity and workouts as a thrill All of the above

Opportunity is limited for many populations by:

ALL THE ABOVE Social class Race/ethnicity Disability All of the Above Instead, opportunity is limited for many by social class, race or ethnicity, gender, or disability.

Media can...

ALL the above For example, the media can affect the popularity of sport, provide free publicity for local teams, and present player personalities and build fan allegiance to teams and individual players.