LAB 11 (Lung Volumes and Capacities)
Which factor has the greatest influence on respiratory rate?
-Blood level of carbon dioxide -CO2 drives respiration, effecting pH
Primary Respiratory muscles
-Diaphragm -External intercostalis
Respiratory muscles:forced expiration
-Diaphragm -Internal intercostals -Rectus abdominis -External oblique
Which of the following are muscles of inhalation
-Internal Intercostal muscles -Diaphragm -External intercostal muscles
Which of the following statements regarding ventilation is true?
-It is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs -Breathing in is called inhalation -Oxygen moves into the bloodstream from the alveoli
Which of the following statements regarding respiratory rate is true?
-Respiratory rate is defined as breathes per minute -Exercising increases blood levels of carbon dioxide -Rebreathing increases blood levels of carbon dioxide
Accessory respiratory muscles:forced inspiration
-Sternocleidomastoid -Scalenes -Pectoralis minor -Internal intercostals
Which of the following is a respiratory volume
-Tidal volume -Residual volume -Expiratory reserve volume
Which of the following statements regarding ventilation is true?
-When thoracic cavity volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure decreases -When intrapulmonary pressure is greater than the outside atmosphere, exhalation occurs -Quiet exhalation is a passive process
Alveolar ventilation rate (AVR)
A measure of the body's ability to dispose of CO2 and deliver O2 to the tissues: AVR=(TV-ADS)(RR)
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Air forcefully exhaled below tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Air forcefully inhaled above tidal volume
Tidal volume
Air moved in or out during quiet breathing
Anatomical dead space
Air occupying the conducting division
Residual volume
Air remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation
Inhalation
Also called inspiration
Collapsed lung
Atelectasis
Interpleural pressure
Between the visceral and parietal serous membranes
Respiratory rate
Breathes per minute
Hyperventilation
Breathing too fast and too deep
Alveolar ventilation rate
Consists of (TV-ADS)(RR)
Vital capacity
Consists of IRV+TV+ERV
Oxygen
Delivered to cells
Carbon dioxide
Eliminate from body
Boyle's Law
Gas volume is inversely proportional to pressure
Which of the following statements regarding respiratory rate NOT true?
Hyperventilation increases blood levels of carbon dioxide
Which of the following is NOT a respiratory volume?
Inspiratory residual volume (literally not even a thing)
Which of the following statements regarding ventilation is NOT true?
It delivers carbon dioxide to the cells
Respiratory Centers
Located in pons and medulla oblongata
Pneumothorax
Lose of pressure between pleural membranes Puncture to lung
Ventilation
Moving air in and out of lungs
Diaphragm
Muscle for inhalation
Respiratory rate (RR)
RR=Breathes/minute
Which of the following volumes/capacities can NOT be measured with a spirometer
Residual volume
Total lung capacity
TLC=VC+RV
During exercise
TV increases while IRV decreases
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
The additional volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
The additional volume of air that can be inhaled with maximum effort after a normal inspiration
Vital capacity (VC)
The total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation : VC=TV+IRV+ERV
Minute respiratory volume (MRV)
The volume of air breathed in 1 minute: MRV=(TV)(RR)
Tidal Volume (TV)
The volume of air breathed in and out without conscious effort
Anatomical dead space (ADS)
The volume of air in the conductive division of the respiratory system during one respiratory cycle
Residual volume (RV)
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation
TV+IRV+ERV+RV
Total lung capacity
Spirometer
Used to measure airflow
Intrapulmonary Pressure
Varies depending on volume of thoracic cavity
Which capacity consists of all the air that can be forcefully inhaled and exhaled
Vital capacity
Which of the following statements regarding ventilation is NOT true?
When the diaphragm contracts, thoracic cavity volume decreases
Exhalation
also called expiration
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
consist of IRV+TV+ERV+RV