Lab 16 - Renal Function

Discuss how specific gravity changes with time between the non-drinkers and deionized water drinkers?

In drinkers, specific gravity decreases with time while specific gravity increases in non-drinkers.

Discuss how volume per minute changes with time between the non-drinkers and deionized water drinkers?

In non-drinkers, volume per minute decreases overtime while in drinkers, the volume per minute increases.

Which of the two fluid conditions is conserving water?

Non-drinkers.

Did your urine sample contain glucose?

No!

What health problems might cause blood to appear in the urine of an individual?

Cystitis, prostatitis, and kidney diseases. Blood can also appear because of problems with blood clotting (hemoglobinuria).

What structure in the body produces antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Hypothalamus - Posterior Pituitary Gland.

What effect would the pharmaceutical drug Lasix have on urine output if it decreases the reabsorption of sodium ions in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Increased urine output, more water is excreted.

What is the function of ADH regarding the urinary system?

Influences water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.

How are ketones metabolically formed in the body?

Ketones are metabolically formed in the body be fatty acid breakdown.

Were ketones in your urine sample?

No.

Is more antidiuretic hormone (ADH) being produced in the deionized water drinkers of the non-drinkers?

Non-drinkers.

What effect would an increase in sodium reabsorption have on water reabsorption if the kidney membranes were permeable to water?

The amount of water that is reabsorbed will increase passively by osmotic difference.

What would cause this change in urine output?

The osmotic difference between water and sodium. Because less sodium is reabsorbed then less water is reabsorbed. This results in an increase in urine output.

What is the reason for this change in ADH levels?

A decrease in body water volume will increase ADH production. ADH increases water reabsorption, so non-drinkers will produce more ADH to slow their rate of dehydration.

How could a diabetic have ketones in his/her urine?

Because of an excess production of ketones, caused by the excessive metabolism of fats.

How come red blood cells are normally absent in urine

Because red blood cells are unable to leave the bloodstream due to their large size.

What might cause a diabetic to produce a greater volume of dilute urine?

Diabetics excrete more glucose than normal. Because of that, diabetics excrete more water which makes urine dilute.

What is the reason a diabetic might have glucose in his/her urine?

People with diabetes cannot produce insulin, so the excess glucose in the bloodstream cannot be reabsorbed.

What process in the kidney normally prevents glucose for showing up in the urine?

Reabsorption.