lab and fluid exam ?

The nurse is reviewing the data on the client who has hypovolemia. The nurse should identify which of the following findings is a manifestation of hypovolemia? Select all that apply. a Increased Hct b Increased blood pressure c Decreased urine specific gravity d Decreased urine output e Increased sodium level

A D E

a nurse caring for a male client with a diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding reviews the client's laboratory results and notes a hematocrit level of 30%. the nurse should A. report the abnormally low level B. report the abnormally high level C. inform the client that the laboratory result is normal D. place the normal report in the clients medical record

A

The nurse is performing an assessment on the client who has hypovolemia due to vomiting and diarrhea. The nurse should expect which of the following findings? Select all that apply. a Hypothermia b Bradycardia c Orthostatic hypotension d Distended neck veins e Decreased skin turgor

A C E

3. A nurse is reviewing the lab results of a client who is taking a loop diuretic and notes the clients potassium level is 3.0 mEq/L. which of the following physiological responses should the nurse expect related to the clients hypokalemia A. cardiac dysrhythmias B. hypoglycemia C. hyperreflexia D. increased appetite

A

A client having preadmission testing before surgery has blood drawn for the determination of serum electrolyte levels. The nurse determines that which result warrants a call to the health care provider by the nurse? A: sodium 148 mEq/L B. chloride 101 mEq/L C. potassium 3.8 mEq/L D. bicarbonate 26 MeQ/L

A

A client with a history of cardiac disease is scheduled for a dose of furosemide (Lasix). Which serum potassium level warrants a call to the health care provider by the nurse before administering the furosemide? A. 3.2 B. 3.8 c. 4.2 D. 4.8

A

The nurse is told that the laboratory result for the serum digoxin level is 2.4 ng/mL. Which action should the nurse take? A. hold the medication B. check the client's last respiratory rate C. record the normal value on the client's flow sheet D. administer the next dose of the medication as scheduled.

A

12.A nurse is caring for four clients who have drainage tubes. The nurse should identify the client who has which of the following tubes as being at risk for hypokalemia? A. An NG tube to suction B. An indwelling urinary catheter to gravity drainage C. A chest tube to water-seal drainage D. A nephrostomy tube to a drainage bag

A. An NG tube to suction Rationale: Hypokalemia is low serum potassium. When connected to a suction source, an NG tube empties the stomach of gastric contents. Gastric contents are high in electrolytes, and losing them puts the client at risk for hypokalemia and other electrolyte imbalances.

10. a nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to collect stool at home for a fecal occult blood test (FOBT). which of the following should the nurse instruct the client to avoid for at least 3 days before the test? A. whole grain cereal B. magnesium hydroxide C. orange juice D. acetaminophen

B

7. a nurse is reinforcing teaching about rifampin with a female client who has active TB. which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teachings? A. you should wear glasses instead of contacts while taking this medication B. the medication causes amenorrhea if taken along with an oral contraceptive C. a yellow tint to the skin is an expected reaction to the medication D. lifelong treatment with this medication is necessary.

B

A client with diabetes mellitus has a glycosylated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) level of 8%. based on this test result, the nurse plans to reinforce teaching measures with the client about the need to. A. avoid infection B. prevent hyperglycemia C. take in adequate fluids D. increase iron for anemia

B

an adult with a critically high serum potassium level receives sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate). when evaluating the client's lab results after administering the medication, which lab value should indicate to a nurse that treatment of the high serum potassium level has been effective? A. 3.3 B. 4.9 C. 5.8 D. 6.2

B

1. A nurse is reviewing a client's admission lab findings that indicate the client has hyponatremia. which of the following lab findings should the nurse also expect to be below the expected reference range A. magnesium B. calcium C. chloride D. potassium

C

13. a nurse is reviewing data for a client who has a head injury. which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client might have diabetes insipidus? A. serum sodium 145 mEq/L B. urine specific gravity 1.028 C. urine output 650 mL/hr D. blood glucose 198 mg/dL

C

16. a nurse is caring for a client who is receiving hemodialysis. which of the following client measurements should the nurse compare before and after dialysis treatment to determine fluid losses? A. neck vein distention B. blood pressure C. body weight D. abdominal girth

C

2. a nurse is collecting data from a client who has hypocalcemia. which of the following findings should the nurse expect A. decreased deep-tendon reflexes B. skeletal muscle weakness C. hypoactive bowel sounds D. tingling of the lips

C

4. A nurse is caring for a new mother who is breastfeeding her term newborn. the newborn weighed 3.4 kg (7.5lb) at birth, and weighs 3.3 kg (7.3lb) on the second day of life. the mother expresses concern about the weight loss and asks the nurse about the amount of her breast milk. which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate A. why dont you switch to formula to make sure your baby is eating enough B. it is common for new mothers to worry that they are not making enough milk for their baby c. a healthy newborn can lose 6% of his birth weight before starting to gain weight D. your newborn will need to remain in the hospital so his weight can be monitored

C

5. A nurse is caring for a male client who reports nausea and vomiting and is receiving IV fluid therapy. the clients BUN is 32 mg/dL, creatinine 1.1 mg/dL, and hematocrit 50%. which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. collect a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity B. continue routine care because the results are w/in expected reference range C. decrease the IV fluid infusion rate and limit oral fluid intake D. evaluate urine output for amount and urine for specific gravity.

C

9. a nurse is collecting data from a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). which of the following laboratory values should the nurse review to determine the clients renal function? A. antinuclear antibody B. C-reactive protein C. erythrocyte sedimentation rate D. serum creatinine

C

A adult client has had laboratory work done as part of a routine physical examination. The nurse reviews that client's record and determines that the client may have a mild degree of renal insufficiency if which of the following serum creatinine levels is found? A. 0.6 mg/dL B. 1.1 mg/dL C. 1.9 mg/ dL D. 3.5 mg/dL

C

A client arrives in the emergency department complaining of chest pain that began 4 hours ago. A troponin T blood specimen is obtained, and the results indicate a level of 0.6 ng/m/l. The nurse interprets that is this result indicates. A. a normal level B. a low value that indicates possible gastritis C. a level that indicates a myocardial infarction D. a level that indicates the presence of possible angina

C

A client with a seizure disorder is taking phenytoin (dilantin). a sample for a serum phenytoin level is drawn, and the nurse determines that the medication therapy is within therapeutic range if the laboratory result is? A. 3 mcg/mL B. 8 mcg/ML C. 16 mcg/mL D. 24 mcg/ML

C

An adult client with hepatic cirrhosis has been prescribed a diet with optimal amounts of protein. The nurse evaluates the client's status as being most satisfactory if the total protein is which value? A. 0.4 g/dL B. 3.7 g/dL C. 6.4 g/dL D. 9.8 g/dL

C

An adult female client has a hemoglobin level of 10.8 g/dL. The nurse interprets that this result is most likely caused by which condition noted in the client's history? A. Dehydration B. Heart failure C. Iron deficiency anemia D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

C

An adult male client admitted with dehydration has received fluid volume replacement. The nurse determines that the client has had adequate fluid resuscitation if the client repeat hematocrit level has decreased to which of the following values in the normal range? A, 34% b. 39% C. 48% D. 56%

C

a nurse is monitoring lab results of a client preparing to receive chemotherapy. the nurse determines that the white blood cell count (WBC) is normal if which of the following results were present? A. 2000 cells/mm3 B. 3000 cells/ mm3 C. 5000 cells/ mm3 D. 15,000 cells/ mm3

C

which of the following laboratory results would verify the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis? A. Clear cerebrospinal fluid with high protein and low glucose levels B. cloudy cerebrospinal fluid with low protein and low glucose C. cloudy cerebrospinal fluid with high protein and low glucose levels D. decreased pressure and cloudy cerebrospinal fluid with a high protein level

C

14.A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has constipation. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Request that the provider prescribe a stool softener. B. Promote active range-of-motion activities. C. Add fluid and fiber to the diet. D. Avoid gas-producing foods.

C. Add fluid and fiber to the diet. Rationale: To help relieve constipation, the nurse should instruct the client to drink more water, hot liquids such as water with lemon juice, and eat foods that are high in fiber, such as whole-grain bread, bran, and raw fruits.

14. The nurse is reviewing the medical record for an adolescent and notes a calcium level of 11.4 mEq/L. which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. diarrhea B. muscle hypotonicity C. tachycardia D. positive Chvostek sign

D

6. a nurse is caring for a client who is breastfeeding and tells the nurse that she is concerned about her newborns hydration. which of the following nursing observations is appropriate to use in evaluating the adequacy of the newborns hydration? A. the fit of the newborns clothes B. how often the newborn cries C. the newborns skin turgor D. the number of wet diapers per day

D

A client with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding has a platelet count of 300,000 mm3 (300 × 109/L). The nurse should take which action after seeing the laboratory results? A. Report the abnormally low count. B. Report the abnormally high count. C. Place the client on bleeding precautions. D. Place the normal report in the client's medical record.

D

A client with atrial fibrillation who is receiving maintenance therapy with warfarin sodium (Coumadin) has a prothrombin time (PT) of 30 seconds. The nurse anticipates that which will be prescribed? A. adding a dose of heparin B. holding the next dose of warfarin sodium C. increasing the next dose of warfarin sodium D. administering the next dose of warfarin sodium

D

A client with diabetes mellitus has a blood sample drawn for the determination of a fasting blood glucose level. the nurse identifies which of the following results as a critical value? A. 150 mg/dL B. 200 mg/dL C. 220 mg/dL D. 340 mg/dL

D

A nurse is teaching a class about fluid imbalances. Sort the following manifestations into either hypovolemia or hypervolemia. 1. breath sounds with crackles 2. weight gain 3. decreased urine specific gravity 4. flat neck veins 5. sunken eyeballs

hypovolemia 4. flat neck veins 5. sunken eyeballs hypervolemia 1. breath sounds with crackles 2. weight gain 3. decreased urine specific gravity

A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is caring for a group of clients. Sort the following clients to those at risk for hypovolemia or those at risk for hypervolemia. 1. a client who has nasogastric suctioning 2. a client who is taking diuretics 3. a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone 4. a client who has cirrhosis

hypovolemia 1. a client who has nasogastric suctioning 2. a client who is taking diuretics hypervolemia 3. a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone 4. a client who has cirrhosis