Lab Animals Test 1 and final
Who defines for each species the requirements for their housing and care?
Animal Welfare Act
Who specifies special provisions for exercise of dogs and enrichment of monkeys?
Animal Welfare Act
What regulatory agency has voluntary peer reviews are part of their requirements?
Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care.
What treatment is recommended for Pinworms in mice?
Fenbendazole medicated feed and quarantine
Any institution that receives federal funding must follow what document?
Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
What policy covers guidelines for all vertebrae?
Guide for the care and use of Laboratory Animals
What are 3 restraint devices appropriate for working with mice and rats?
Plexiglas restrainer Decapicone Centrifuge tubes
There are 3 steps in pre-op care. What are they?
1. Acclimate 2. Clinical evaluation 3. Fasting
List 3 sedatives or tranquilizers
1. Acepromazine 2. Diazepam 3. Adrenergic agonists such as Xylazine and Medetomidine
What are 4 regulatory agencies for Laboratory Animals
1. Assoc. for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC). 2. Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW) 3. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 4. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
What are some individual ID methods for rodents?
1. Ear tags 2. Ear punches 3. Tail tattoos 4. Toe amputation (hairless neonates only) 5. Nontoxic dyes 6. Shave patterns into fur
What are the advantages of research use of rabbits?
1. Good antibody producers 2. Large body of research already done on rabbits 3. Large enough for some major surgical procedures 4. Some genetically unique strains available
List 3 functional areas of the Lab Animal facility.
1. Housing rooms 2. Quarantine 3. Treatment/Surgical areas
List the signs of acute pain
1. Increased heart rate 2. Abnormal breathing 3. Vocalization 4. Grimace
List the acceptable restraint methods for non-human primates.
1. Manual restraint using gloves, long sleeves and face protection 2. Squeeze cages 3. Pole and collar system 4. Restraint chair
What are the 2 common strains of immunodeficient mice?
1. Nude mouse 2. SCID mouse
What are 4 painful surgical procedures
1. Orthopedic 2. Thoracic 3. Soft Tissue manipulation 4. Ocular
List 4 common husbandry and environmental problems.
1. Overcrowding 2. Poor breeding performance 3. Wet cages 4. Pregnancy failures
There are 3 types of pre-anesthetic medications. What are they?
1. Parasympatholytics 2. Tranquilizers/sedatives 3. Local and regional anesthetics
These animals are associated with research of what disease? 1. Rice Rats 2. Cotton Rat 3. Tree Rat 4 Striped Field mouse 5. Naked mole rat 6. Opossum 7. Nine banded armadillo 8. New World mink 9. Striped skunk 10. Homing/Racing pidgeons
1. Periodontitis research 2. Rift Valley Fever and Cystic Fybrosis 3. Malaria 4. Hantaan fever and Hemorrhagic Fever 5. Eusocially 6. Rabies, Tuberculosis 7. Leprosy 8. Canine distemper and Feline Panleukopenia 9. Rabies and Canine distemper 10. Arthrosclerosis
What are the institutional components of the AWA?
1. Personnel qualifications 2. Veterinary care 3. Recordkeeping 4. Annual report 5. Access for inspector 6. Identification of dogs and cats
What muscles are suitable for IM injections in rabbits?
1. Quadriceps 2. Caudal thigh muscle 3. Lumbar muscles - lateral to midline
What are 3 differences between hares and rabbits?
1. Rabbits are social, hares are solitary 2. Rabbits dig burrows but hares don't 3. Rabbit young are born blind and helpless, Hare young are born fully furred with eyes open.
What are the 3 R's of Lab Animal Management?
1. Reduce the number of animals 2. Refine the way experiments are carried out to make sure animals don't suffer. 3. Replace animal experiments.
What are the non-drug methods used for minimizing pain?
1. Repositioning 2. Bandaging 3. Caging with a padded cage 4. Acclimating 5. Warm environment
What are the responsibilities of IACUC?
1. Review and approval of protocols. 2. Semi-annual assessments of programs and facilities 3. Review of concerns regarding the care and use of animals 4. Authority to suspend activities.
List 4 types of housing for research rodentia.
1. Shoebox caging 2. Rack systems 3. Microisolator/rack systems 4. "File drawer" type systems (guinea pigs)
What are the disadvantages of research use of rabbits?
1. Variable response to anesthetic agents 2. More prone to cardiovascular failure 3. Stress prone diseases such as coccidiosis 4. Respiratory disease due to Pasteurella decreases gaseous exchange
What is the light cycle for lab animals?
12:12 typical but 14:10 may be in breeding rooms
Which cocktail did we use during the rabbit lab?
3 parts ketamine and 1 part acepromezine
What is a common "cocktail" used in sedation and anesthesia?
3 parts ketamine and 1 part acepromezine (sedation) 3 parts ketamine and 3 parts xylazine (anesthesia)
What is the humidity in the lab animal facility?
30 - 70%
What is the quarantine period on imported primates?
31 days initially with a second quarantine of 30-90 days carried out by institutions upon receiving the imported primates.
What is the daily food intake requirement for a 30g mouse?
4.5 grams (1.5g/10g body weight/day)
Why is atropine not the best drug to use for premedicating rabbits?
50% or more rabbits may have atropinesterase which is an enzyme that keeps the drug agent from being effective at high doses. This enzyme also allows rabbits to eat deadly nightshade with no ill effects.
What is the typical temperature in the lab animal facility?
68-79 degrees F.
What is IACUC?
A committee composed of veterinarians responsible for the animal program, scientists that use the animals and a community member that has no other ties to the institution other than being a member of the IACUC.
What factor limits the use of the external jugular vein for blood collection in non-human primates?
Access is inconvenient due to the short neck of most nonhuman primates.
What agents are used for tranquilizers/sedatives?
Acepromazine, valium and xylazine
What are the signs of chronic pain?
All signs of acute pain plus: 1. Reluctance to be handled 2. Not eating or drinking 3.Increased temperature 4. Glazed eyes 5. Hunched posture 6. Grating of teeth 7. Guarding
What is AALAS?
American Association of Lab Animal Sciences.
The decreased perception of pain without loss of consciousness is ______________.
Analgesia
The reversible state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation is _____________.
Anesthesia
It authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to regulate transport, sale, and handling of dogs, cats, nonhuman primates, guinea pigs, hamsters, and rabbits intended to be used in research or "for other purposes." What law is this?
Animal Welfare Act
The transportation, care and use of animals is guided by what act?
Animal Welfare Act
What law requires the use of anesthesia and analgesics in research animals?
Animal Welfare Act
Which law requires announced inspections by Federal inspectors for labs utilizing dogs?
Animal Welfare Act
What law covers the use of wild rodents in research?
Animal Welfare Act.
What agents are parasympatholytic pre-anesthetic medications?
Atropine Sulfate and Glycopyrolate
What 2 drugs are used in pre-medication?
Atropine and Glyccopyrrolate
Who has the authority to exempt an animal from the institutional plan for psychological well-being due to the animal's incompatibility with the research protocol?
Attending veterinarian or IACUC
What is the most common injectable agent used in euthanasia?
Barbiturates (Pentobarbital and thiopental)
The New World Mink is important for research in what diseases?
Canine Distemper and Feline Panleukopenia
What method of euthanasia is commonly used on a 125g rat?
Carbon dioxide method. Place animal in chamber filled with CO2. Animal loses consciousness due to anesthetizing effect of CO2 and then asphyxiates.
What blood collection method is not recommended for regular use in rodents?
Cardiac puncture.
What secondary method of euthanasia may be used for birds and small rodents?
Cervical dislocation
What is the quickest way to sex rodents?
Check the distance between the anus and genital papilla. Males have twice the distance than females.
What are the 4 different families of primates?
Prosimians, New World primates, Old World primates, Great Apes.
What 2 animals are not required to fast before anesthesia and why?
Rabbits and rodents. They don't vomit
What are the clinical signs for Citrobacter rodentium?
Diarrhea, rectal prolapse in recently weaned mice.
What is one of the requirements of the Public Health Service Policy on Humane care and Use of Lab Animals
Detailed information regarding the institution programs if they are receiving Public Health Service dollars.
How often do imported primates get tested for tuberculosis during the quarantine period?
Every 2 weeks during first quarantine then again every 2 weeks during the second quarantine until minimum of 3 consecutive, negative reactions
Pair or group-housing is always preferable to single housing. True or false
False
The palatial ostium in rats complicates intubation and gavage. True or false
False
Clear statement for a theory for answering the question is a ____________.
Hypothesis
Are genetically engineered mice inbred or outbred?
Inbred
What is the number one method of euthanasia used in a clinic?
Injectable barbiturates
What inhalation drug is still in use and why?
Isoflurane because it is safe and quick in both induction and recovery. Also better for extended or invasive surgery.
What are 3 suitable sites for blood collection in rodents?
Lateral tail vein, ventral tail artery, Saphenous vein.
For tail vein injections which way does the tail vein run?
Laterally along the tail. Never inject in arteries.
The physical environment of the secondary enclosure is what?
Macro-environment
In using oral gavage in mice what is the best method to estimate distance to stomach?
Measure the distance between tip of nose to last rib.
What is the preferred treatment for Helicobacter found in mice colonies?
Medicated wafers (metronidazole/amoxicillin/bismuth)
What is the most prevalent virus found in mice?
Mouse norovirus
Who administers the office of Lab Animal Welfare?
National Institute of Health
What organization administers the Office of Lab Animal Welfare?
National Institute of Health (NIH)
When you perform aspiration and yellow fluid appears in the syringe what does this indicate?
Needle entered the bladder.
What policy defines role, responsibilities and composition of IACUC?
PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
What policy covers research work that is federally funded?
PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
_______________ requires detailed information regarding institutional programs if they are receiving PHS dollars.
PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
What antibiotics cause wet tail in rodents?
Penicillins, macrolides ABS
The captive bolt pistol is used how in euthanasia?
Restrain animal. Pistol is placed between the eyes and perpendicular to the skull and then discharged.
What disadvantage is present with inhalation euthanasia?
Some struggling and anxiety may occur.
What 3 methods of handling are appropriate for rats and mice?
Tail hold (rat, mouse) Scruff hold (mouse) Body hold (rat)
The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals is sometimes referred to as __________.
The "Bible".
What animal is banned from the U.S?
The Brush Tail Possum. They are the primary reservoir for Avian and Bovine TB.
The Animal Welfare Act is administered by what agency?
The Department of Agriculture
What animal is similar to the bees in that it is eusocial?
The Naked Mole Rat
What federal agency oversees the Health Research Extension Act? What regulations?
The Public Health Services. PHS Policy and guide.
What animal is important for its use in research of periodontitis?
The Rice Rat
What animal is important for the study of malaria?
The Tree Rat or the African Forest Mouse.
What animal is appropriately fed on floor?
The hamster
What rodent has a 2 compartment stomach?
The hamster
What is the most common animal used in biomedical research?
The mouse (Mus musculus)
Approximately 90% of all research subjects are rodents. True or false
True
Different species of nonhuman primates should not be housed together unless they are known to be microbiologically compatible. True or false
True
Offering dietary variety is a legitimate way to improve the animals' psychological well-being. true or false
True
Primates may only be restrained for 12 hours without release unless exempted for scientific or health reasons. True or false
True
Squeeze cages are acceptable restraint devices. True or false
True
What test done on imported primates, eliciting a positive response generally results in euthanasia during the quarantine period?
Tuberculin test
The ethical standards for using lab animals is found in ____________________.
US Government for Utilization and Care of Vertebrae
What agency guides the Animal Welfare Act? What regulations?
USDA. Animal Welfare Regulations
What are the 3 levels of anesthesia?
General, local and regional
What disease is zoonotic and found in rodents?
Ornithonyssus bacoti or Tropical rat mite and LCMV or Arena virus
What is the difference between outbred stocks and inbred strains?
Outbred stocks do not breed to brother/sister. They are genetically diverse. Inbred strains are bred brother/sister to create genetically identical species for controlled studies.
Give examples from each of the 4 families of primates.
Prosimians - Lemur New World primates - Marmoset Old World primate - Macaque Great Ape - Orangutan
The Striped Skunk is used for what research?
Rabies and Canine Distemper
