Lab Final for Geology

The water table is lowered a) during periods of intense rain b) during periods of drought c) when sea level rises

during periods of drought

The gradient of a stream describes a) the elevation of its headwaters b) the elevation of its mouth c) the steepness of its path through the landscape

the steepness of its path through the landscape

What most likely will happen if the water table is at the surface of the ground? a) Small depressions will be filled with water b) Water from a heavy rain will not be able to sink into the ground, causing floodings c) All of the possible answers are correct

All of the possible answers are correct

A benchmark is a) an important step in surveying a map area b) a measure of how steep the slope is c) a permanent marker on the ground that indicates location and elevation d) a marker painted on boulders

a permanent marker on the ground that indicates location and elevation

Contour lines on a topographic map a) are spaced at equal distances from one another horizontally b) cross one another at rivers c) are usually brown d) cannot be drawn below sea level

are spaced at equal distances from one another horizontally

Sinkholes typically have steep-walled sides because a) of the slow flow of water through aquifers b) they from in wet sediment c) gravity causes the roof of an area hollowed by solution to collapse

gravity causes the roof of an area hollowed by solution to collapse

The _____ of a stream are where it begins, and its _____ is/-where it flows into another body of water a) headwaters; mouth b) meanders; tail c) gradients; bottom

headwaters; mouth

Contour lines on a map connect points a) spaced equal distances from one another b) of equal elevation c) of interest to geologists d) that mark uphill or downhill trails

of equal elevation

The zero-contour line is aka a) the North Pole b) the international date line c) the equator d) sea level

sea level

The severity of the impact of coastal hurricanes on the shoreline depends on which of the following? a) wind velocity b) the path of the eye of the hurricane c) whether the storm comes onshore at high tide or low tide d) all of the possible answers are correct

all of the possible answers are correct

During longshore drift, sand grains move a) in a straight line parallel to the shoreline b) in a straight line perpendicular to the shoreline c) in circular paths opposite the dominant wind direction d) in a zigzag pattern

in a zigzag pattern

Groundwater is unique among all the erosional agents because it a) carves landscapes from below the surface b) does not have any kinetic energy c) has more kinetic energy than streams or glaciers

carves landscapes from below the surface

Spits and barrier islands are a) erosional remnants made of resistant rock types b) deposited by longshore drift c) the most stable shoreline features d) more common in emergent than submergent shorelines

deposited by longshore drift

If a sequence of sedimentary rocks ha been folded and is now vertical a) there is no way to determine the relative ages of the layers b) graded bedding - can help determine whether some beds are older or younger than the beds next to them c) a field geologist will have to do radiometric dating to determine relative ages of the rocks d) it will be easier to determine the numerical ages than the relative ages

graded bedding - can help determine whether some beds are older or younger than the beds next to them

The sinuosity of a stream is a measure of a) how fast its water is moving b) the largest particle it can transport c) how much it meanders

how much it meanders

An angular unconformity is evidence that a) the local rocks contain fossils b) there is an incomplete geologic record preserved in an area c) igneous rocks have intruded sedimentary rocks and metamorphosed them d) lava flows have erupted onto sedimentary rocks

there is an incomplete geologic record preserved in an area

The principle of inclusion states that a) all factors must be included in evaluating the relative age of two materials b) a sedimentary rock must be younger than the rocks it cuts across c) an igneous rock must be younger than the rocks it cuts across d) fossils must be older than the rocks in which they are found

a sedimentary rock must be younger than the rocks it cuts across

By what motion(s) do sediment particles move in a stream? a) rolling b) bouncing c) all of the possible answers are correct

all of the possible answers are correct

Small tick marks (hachures) on contour lines indicate a) steep slopes b) gentle slopes c) hilltops d) depression

depression

The principle of superposition can be used to determine the relative ages of all those except a) a sequence of lava flows b) layers of unconsolidated sediment in a lake c) horizontal layers of sedimentary rock interlayered with lava flows d) folded sedimentary rocks

folded sedimentary rocks

The dominant cause of erosion along lake and ocean shorelines is a) Waves b) Tsunamis c) Longshore drift d) Landslides

Longshore drift

By what feature(s) might submergent shorelines be characterized? a) highly irregular coastlines b) numerous bays and headlands c) sandbars and lagoons d) all of the possible answers are correct

all of the possible answers are correct

Groundwater is the part of the hydrosphere in which water does which of the following? a) flows through fractures in bedrock b) may leak into the ground from streams c) all of the possible answers are correct

all of the possible answers are correct

Which of the following could be the base level of stream? a) a lake into which it flows b) the ocean c) all of the possible answers are correct

all of the possible answers are correct

The term relative age refers to a) ages of siblings and cousins b) how many years ago a particular geologic feature formed c) whether a feature is older or younger than another d) the difference in years between the ages of two features

whether a feature is older or younger than another