Lab Practical 2

How many basic types of muscle tissue are there? __________

3 - Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth

Without lateral rotation of the humerus by the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles, the maximum angle of abduction by the deltoid would be __________.

90 degrees

The hip joint is an example of a __________ synovial joint.

Ball and Socket

Orthopedic surgeons are fond of saying, "It is better to break a bone than it is to tear a tendon or ligament." Why is this true?

Broken bones heal faster and with less scar tissue because they are more vascularized than tendons or ligaments.

Ligament

Connects bone to bone

Synergists of the glenohumeral joint are:

Coracobrachialis and Biceps Brachii

The __________ is a prime mover of the glenohumeral joint during flexion.

Deltoid

____________________ is a missing protein in Duschenne 19s muscular dystrophy.

Dystrophin

Abduction requires the action of two muscles, and adduction requires the action of __________.

Four Muscles

_________________ is the prime movers in knee flexion.

Hamstring muscles

During an exercise where muscles do not shorten, ________________ contractions have occurred.

Isometric

The menisci in the knee joint can be torn for a variety of reasons. Considering the structure of the menisci, would you expect these tears to heal on their own? Why or why not?

Menisci tears do not heal on their own because the menisci are composed of fibrocartilage and do not have an extensive blood supply.

The two proteins directly involved in muscle contraction are broadly called __________________ .

Myofilaments

Extension of the knee is a result of what muscle?

Quadriceps Femoris

This type of movement is common in ball-and-socket joints and can be described as the movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis. It is __________.

Rotation

The _______________ muscle aids in flexion

Sartorius

This type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs. It has no striations, and its cells are spindle shaped. It is __________.

Smooth Muscle

A cordlike structure that connects a muscle to another muscle or bone is __________.

Tendon

Which of the following muscles assists during extension of the glenohumeral joint, but is not as a prime mover?

Teres Major

When cardiac muscle tissue dies in adults, it is replaced with scar tissue composed of dense connective tissue. Explain how scar tissue would affect the function of the cardiac muscle tissue.

The scar tissue cannot contract so the heart will be weaker.

________________________ has an affinity for myosin binding sites in the absence of calcium.

Tropomyosin

A prime mover or __________ produces a particular type of movement.

agonist

A joints that is only slightly moveable is classified as a(n) ____________ joint.

amphiarthrosis

Inflammation of a joint broadly describes all types of _____________.

arthritis

A joint held together by fibrocartilage would be classified as a __________ joint.

cartilaginous

Sutures, which have their irregular edges of bone joined by short fibers of connective tissue, are an example of ______ joints

fibrous

Every muscle of the body is attached to a bone or other connective tissue structure at two points. The __________ is the more movable attachment. (insertion or origin)

insertion

Synergist

muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation

To allow for flexion, the __________ unlocks the knee joint.

popliteus

When a child juts her chin forward stubbornly, she is demonstrating the action of _______________ of the jaw.

protraction

The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is the __________________ .

sarcolema

An immovable joint held together with hyaline cartilage is categorized as a(n) __________ joint.

synchondrosis

What factor does not contribute to the strength and stability of a synovial joint?

synovial fluid

The elbow is an example of a _________ joint, which functions in one plane.

uniaxial