Lab pratical

What voltage is gel electrophoresis run at?

100V

What is the optimal temperature for most enzymes?

20 to 40 degrees Celsius

In order to separate PCR product bands produced by plant and GMO primers, a ____ agarose gel is required.

3%

How long is gel electrophoresis typically run for?

30 minutes

How much ATP is generated by the complete oxidization of pyruvate into CO2 and H2O via aerobic respiration?

36-38

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O + light ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2

If you get stuck while researching papers/topics or citing a paper what is the best solution?

Ask an NSU librarian

Your heart rate, or pulse, is the number of times your heart ______

Beats per minute

CO2 is converted into a stable organic compound through a process known as

Carbon fixation

The process by which organisms chemically oxidize organic compounds as a means of generating ATP is?

Cellular respiration

What is used to compare observed ratios for a given cross compare with predicted ratios?

Chi-square analysis (χ2)

What color-producing chemical will be used in today's lab to determine the concentration of glucose solutions through absorbance readings?

Chromogen

What are autosomes?

Chromosomes 1-22

__________ is more resistant than ___________ to processing and can be extracted from highly processed foods, making it a better option for identifying GM in food.

DNA, Proteins

What is the correct order for the steps of PCR amplification?

Denaturation, Annealing, Extension

What number do chromosomes of somatic cells contain?

Diploid number (2n)

Name the two types of peas that we will be working with in the cellular respiration lab.

Dormant peas and germinating peas

What is the test that can be used to detect proteins that are produced in GM crops?

ELISA

The first offspring produced from a monohybrid cross is called the...

F1 generation

A denatured enzyme can catalyze a chemical reaction.

False

A molecular weight ruler, aka ladder, is used as a reference to determine the charge (i.e. negative vs. positive) of your products.

False

Dissecting microscopes allow higher magnification than compound microscopes.

False

Enzyme activity typically occurs within a very broad pH range.

False

If the results of a patient's two "random" glucose readings are 196 mg/dL and 200mg/dL, this person meets the criteria of diabetes mellitus.

False

Simple diffusion requires energy input.

False

To view a specimen under an electron microscope, it has to be living.

False

The act of placing genes for selected traits directly into crop plants is a form of genetic modification known as______________

Genetic transformation

The variable that is manipulated or varied by the researcher in an experiment is the:

Independent variable

Who is known as the 'founder' of genetics?

Mendel

Can dominant alleles be masked by recessive alleles?

No

In an experiment designed to determine the rate of reaction based on the content of each beaker, the hypothesis that states there will be no difference in the outcome of the experiment is:

Null hypothesis

The movement of water molecules from a region of high free water concentration to a region of low free water concentration is known as ____________________.

Osmosis

What is the appearance of a particular trait called?

Phenotype

ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of _______________ attached to proteins or lipids.

Phosphate groups

Large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are optimized to harvest light are called:

Photosystems

What macromolecule is an enzyme classified as?

Protein

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA on the basis of what?

Size of DNA

Which of the following molecules can diffuse through a cell membrane? Mark all that apply.

Small molecules

What factors determine how fast water moves across a membrane? Select all that apply.

Solute concentration difference, Hydrostatic pressure

What is the name of the machine we will use in today's lab to measure the amount of light that is absorbed by a solution?

Spectrophotometer

During the dark reactions, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is brought into the leaf through tiny pores called: ___________

Stomata

What is added to a gel that allows us to visualize DNA?

SyberSafe dye

What type of buffer is used to run gel electrophoresis?

TAE

Aerobic respiration yields more ATP than anaerobic respiration.

True

Fermentation generates energy (i.e., ATP).

True

In the United States, genetically modified foods do not have to be labeled as such.

True

Independent variables are usually plotted on the X-axis of a graph, whereas dependent variables are usually plotted on the Y-axis

True

Moving molecules against their concentration gradient requires energy.

True

Potential allergic reactions to novel proteins and Antibiotic resistance from selectable markers are major arguments against/concerns associated with the GMO industry

True

When an enzyme's reaction rate doubles for every 10 degree Celsius increase in temperature it's called the Q10 effect.

True

You must heat up the agarose to dissolve it.

True

The cause behind the results of an experiment will stay the same if we repeat the experiment tomorrow follows the principles of:

Uniformity

What is the P generation?

What is the P generation?

What does homozygous mean?

When the same pair of alleles composes a trait

What color will the product of today's experiment (pNP) turn?

Yellow

During the process of gel electrophoresis, combs are used to

form the wells that samples will be placed in

DNA Polymerase is derived from a bacterium that lives in

high-temperature steam vents

Many species are unable to utilize oxygen as a final electron acceptor during cellular respiration due to:

lack of ETC proteins, lack of oxygen in the environment, lack of enzymes needed to inactivate free radicals

Tonicity is the measure of what?

osmotic pressure

What is the in vitro substrate for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) that we will be using in lab?

pNPP

DNA from Bacillus thuringiensis is incorporated into the genomes of crops to make them

pest resistant

The difference between dialysis tubing and real cell membranes is that

real membranes are more selective

Primers serve as _________ for amplifying the target region of the DNA to be copied.

start and stop points

Your resting heart rate is___________

Is when your heart is pumping the least amount of blood...Is when your heart is pumping the least amount of blood

What determines resolution? Check all that apply.

Lens Quality, Lens Quality, Visual Acuity, Magnification

Which has a smaller wavelength: electrons or visible light?

Electrons

Only glucose can be broken down to generate ATP.

False

Photosynthesis is a catabolic process.

False

Plant cells are like red blood cells and can potentially burst when placed in solutions of varying tonicity.

False

What is the genetic composition of an organism called?

Genotype

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) does what of the following?

Produce 3-D images of the surfaces of objects.

Blue-colored objects absorb which wavelength of light the most?

Red

Being able to reproduce the results of an experiment on a separate day follows the principles of:

Similarity of Causation

What happens if either the enzyme or substrate is limited?

the enzyme's reaction rate will remain constant

In prokaryotic cells, catabolism of pyruvate takes place in the __________________. Whereas, in eukaryotic cells, it occurs in the _________________________.

cytoplasm, mitochondria